1、专业八级-283 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：40，分数：100.00)1.With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily through the 19th and 20th centuries. （分数：2.50）2.In addition, the paper instituted a content audit that evaluates the fre
2、quency and manner of representation of woman and people of color in photographs. （分数：2.50）3.A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors“ study because without them one can read books only in translation. （分数：2.50）4.More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farms and
3、in villages. （分数：2.50）5.A little more than a year later, Ramanujan was at Cambridge University, and beginning to be recognized as one of the amazing mathematicians the world has ever known. （分数：2.50）6.With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life should have been very tedious for the nineteent
4、h-century factory workers. （分数：2.50）7.When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to rise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other. （分数：2.50）8.We“ve seen hundreds of CVs every week: CVs printed on pink paper
5、, CVs that are 10 pages long and CVs with silly mistakes in first paragraph. （分数：2.50）9.However, what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system quite different from those at home. （分数：2.50）10.Exciting words came that the missing boy of that village had been found. （分数：2.50）1
6、1.Then Redi began to gather and record facts to find out if his hypothesis was correct. He did this by carrying on many experiments, which were designed to help him get the facts he needed. （分数：2.50）12.The most obvious is unemployment, since the basic purpose of commercial computerization is to get
7、most work done by fewer people. （分数：2.50）13.These channels origin at topographic high points; the valleys widen “downstream“, some even displaying inner valleys. （分数：2.50）14.A folk culture is small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race
8、with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. （分数：2.50）15.There are many teachers who have a lot of teaching experiences in my school. （分数：2.50）16.I have two boys but none of them likes sweets. Therefore, I never buy candies for them. （分数：2.50）17.If he did not care of his gues
9、ts“ feelings, he would simply get up from his chair and announce his departure. （分数：2.50）18.Global warming gets blamed for just about everything these days: not enough snow, too much rain, rising sea levels, whatever. Here is a new one: global warming can make the days long. （分数：2.50）19.Enzyme syste
10、ms of mammals and birds are most efficient only within the narrow range around 37; a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. （分数：2.50）20.In recent years, there have been nearly 5,000 official competitors and that takes three whole minutes for the crowd of runn
11、ers just to cross the starting line. （分数：2.50）21.English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy receiving his close attention. （分数：2.50）2
12、2.The basic meaning of “pet“ is an animal we keep for emotional rather than economical reasons. （分数：2.50）23.Concomitantly, the rate of new cases of the dead skin cancer, melanoma, has grown dramatically from 1,168 of each 100,000 Americans to 3,650. （分数：2.50）24.A computer record of the birds“ four-m
13、onth study period has shown surprisingly similarities between the pigeons“ and human performance. （分数：2.50）25.We started burning some leaves in our yard, but the fire got out of hand and we had to call the fire department to put it down. （分数：2.50）26.A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifica
14、lly “proved“ by economists that the laws of society made this necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. （分数：2.50）27.No one in this century has been most widely recognized as a genius than Einstein. （分数：2.50）28.This portion of the story is punctuated
15、 for flash-forwards to a time 40 years in the future, showing the relationship between parents and children to be dramtically changed. （分数：2.50）29.A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale; some cities have lost their orig
16、inal purpose and have not found new one. （分数：2.50）30.She touched him on his head with a smile and said, “My boy, why not play what you know well?“ （分数：2.50）31.With a team of the researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages with
17、 different jobs. （分数：2.50）32.The Oriental plaza, which is used for ice-skating in winter and dining and dancing in summer, is one of Beijing“s most popular attraction. （分数：2.50）33.When it is time to say good-bye to their pets, owners can bury their pets in a respectful pet cemetery. （分数：2.50）34.The
18、reason why so many people raise pets is that little creature of all shapes and sizes can provide companionship and love. （分数：2.50）35.The original chocolate drink was made of the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. （分数：2.50）36.If you are sending your CV electronically, check the format
19、ting by sending it to yourself first and keep up the format simple. （分数：2.50）37.As we know, smoking not only gives harm to smokers, but also to non-smokers who live with them. （分数：2.50）38.There may be sound medical reasons for accepting electrical shock treatment, but such reasons are totally depend
20、ent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients. （分数：2.50）39.If pet owners have an eye with fashion, they can dress their pets in stylish clothes. （分数：2.50）40.If sufficient rain falls the next year to form another lake, the eggs hatch, and once again the shrimps pass rapidly through its cy
21、cle of growth, adulthood, egg-laying, and death. （分数：2.50）专业八级-283 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：40，分数：100.00)1.With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily through the 19th and 20th centuries. （分数：2.50）解析：冠词冗余，应删除 Europ
22、e 前面的定冠词 the。解析 定冠词 the 通常表示特指，Europe 是专有名词，无需加定冠词。2.In addition, the paper instituted a content audit that evaluates the frequency and manner of representation of woman and people of color in photographs. （分数：2.50）解析：名词单复数错误，应把 woman 改为 women。解析 此处 woman 与 people of color 并列作 of 的宾语，由于 people 是集体名词
23、，从平行结构的角度考虑，应该将 woman 改为 women。3.A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors“ study because without them one can read books only in translation. （分数：2.50）解析：代词误用，应把 them 改为 it。解析 此处代词指代 a knowledge of several languages，其中knowledge 是中心词，是单数形式，所以要把 them 改为 it。4.More and more people l
24、ive in towns and cities instead on farms and in villages. （分数：2.50）解析：介词缺失，应在 instead 后面加上 of。解析 instead 本身为副词，其后不能直接跟宾语，而应该在后面加上介词 of，instead of 表示“而不是”。5.A little more than a year later, Ramanujan was at Cambridge University, and beginning to be recognized as one of the amazing mathematicians the
25、world has ever known. （分数：2.50）解析：形容词最高级错误，应在 amazing 前面加 most。解析 当“one of”结构表示“最的人(或物)之一”时，应使用最高级形式。6.With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life should have been very tedious for the nineteenth-century factory workers. （分数：2.50）解析：情态动词误用，应把 should 改为 must。解析 该句的意思是“19 世纪的工人每周工作 80 小时且很少有娱乐
26、，这样的生活肯定会使人感到厌倦。”must have done 表示推测时语气较强，尤其是对过去的推测，而 should have done 表示“应该做某事而没有做”。7.When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to rise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other. （分数：2.50）解析：词义混淆，应把 rise 改
27、为 arise。解析 rise 表示物理意义上的“升起”，arise 表示“(现象等)出现”。根据句意，应该使用 arise。8.We“ve seen hundreds of CVs every week: CVs printed on pink paper, CVs that are 10 pages long and CVs with silly mistakes in first paragraph. （分数：2.50）解析：冠词缺失，应在 first 前面加上定冠词 the。解析 表示“第几”时，在序数词前面要加上定冠词 the。但是如果把名词 paragraph，lesson 等词放
28、在基数词前，则不需加定冠词。9.However, what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system quite different from those at home. （分数：2.50）解析：代词误用，应把 those 改为 that。解析 different from 后面的代词指代前面的system，system 是单数名词，因此要用 that。10.Exciting words came that the missing boy of that village had been found.
29、 （分数：2.50）解析：名词单复数错误，应把 words 改为 word。解析 word 作可数名词时，意为“(某人所说的)话”；作不可数名词时，意为“消息”。根据句意，本题中 word 应表示“消息”的意思，所以应该把 words 改为 word。11.Then Redi began to gather and record facts to find out if his hypothesis was correct. He did this by carrying on many experiments, which were designed to help him get the
30、facts he needed. （分数：2.50）解析：介词误用，应把 on 改成 out。解析 carry on 的意思是“继续开展，坚持”，与句意不符，carry out 意为“实行，执行”，常与 experiment 搭配。12.The most obvious is unemployment, since the basic purpose of commercial computerization is to get most work done by fewer people. （分数：2.50）解析：形容词最高级错误，应把 work 前面的 most 改成 more。解析 ge
31、t more work done by fewer people 表示“更少的人做更多的工作”，work 前的形容词形式应和 fewer 相对应，同为比较级。13.These channels origin at topographic high points; the valleys widen “downstream“, some even displaying inner valleys. （分数：2.50）解析：词性混用，应把 origin 改为 originate。解析 origin 是名词，意思是“起源，由来”，其动词形式为 originate，意思是“引起，发起，起源”。14.A
32、 folk culture is small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. （分数：2.50）解析：冠词缺失，应在 small 前面加上不定冠词 a。解析 中心词 group 为单数名词，因此应在 small前面加上 a。15.There are many teachers who ha
33、ve a lot of teaching experiences in my school. （分数：2.50）解析：名词单复数错误，应把 experiences 改为 experience。解析 experience 作可数名词时，意为“经历”；作不可数名词时，意为“经验”。此处要表达的意思是“教学经验”，所以改为单数。16.I have two boys but none of them likes sweets. Therefore, I never buy candies for them. （分数：2.50）解析：代词误用，应把 none 改为 neither。解析 在谈到“两个人或
34、物都不”时通常用 neither，而 none 用来指“三个或三个以上的人或物都不”。17.If he did not care of his guests“ feelings, he would simply get up from his chair and announce his departure. （分数：2.50）解析：固定搭配中的介词误用，应把 of 改为 about 或者 for。解析 care about 的意思是“在乎，关心，为担心”；care for 的意思是“喜欢，为操心(担心)”，用在此处都合适。care of 的意思是“由转交”，用在此处不符合句意。18.Glob
35、al warming gets blamed for just about everything these days: not enough snow, too much rain, rising sea levels, whatever. Here is a new one: global warming can make the days long. （分数：2.50）解析：形容词比较级错误，应把 long 改成 longer。解析 这个句子中虽然没有明确表示比较的标志词，但是却暗含着比较的意思：全球升温会使白天变长(比以前更长)，所以应用比较级。19.Enzyme systems of
36、 mammals and birds are most efficient only within the narrow range around 37; a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. （分数：2.50）解析：冠词误用，应把 the narrow range 中的 the 改成 a。解析 a range of 或 a range around 为固定搭配，表示“的范围”。20.In recent years, there have been nearly 5,0
37、00 official competitors and that takes three whole minutes for the crowd of runners just to cross the starting line. （分数：2.50）解析：代词误用，应把 that，改为 it。解析 本句是并列句，连词 and 后面是一个独立的句子，这个句子的真正主语是后面的不定式 to cross the starting line，需用 it 作形式主语。此外还可以通过“it takes some time for sb. to do sth. ”句型来判断应该用 it。21.Englis
38、h pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy receiving his close attention. （分数：2.50）解析：固定搭配中的介词缺失，应在 worth 后面加 of。解析 worthy 一词的用法是：be worthy
39、 of(doing)sth. ，意思是“值得”，其中介词 of 不可以省略。22.The basic meaning of “pet“ is an animal we keep for emotional rather than economical reasons. （分数：2.50）解析：词义混淆，应把 economical 改为 economic。解析 economical 的意思是“节俭的，节省的，经济实惠的”；economic 的意思是“经济上的，经济学的，与经济相关的”。根据句意，应该使用economic，表示“经济上的原因”。23.Concomitantly, the rate
40、of new cases of the dead skin cancer, melanoma, has grown dramatically from 1,168 of each 100,000 Americans to 3,650. （分数：2.50）解析：词义混淆，应把 dead 改为 deadly。解析 二者都是形容词，前者意为“死亡的”，后者意为“致命的”。常见搭配有 deadly disease，deadly weapon，deadly explosion 等。24.A computer record of the birds“ four-month study period has
41、 shown surprisingly similarities between the pigeons“ and human performance. （分数：2.50）解析：词性混用，应把 surprisingly 改为 surprising。解析 此处被修饰词 similarities 是名词，因此需要形容词 surprising 来修饰。25.We started burning some leaves in our yard, but the fire got out of hand and we had to call the fire department to put it d
42、own. （分数：2.50）解析：介词误用，应把 down 改为 out。解析 put down 表示“放下，拒绝，镇压，羞辱，削减”，而此处意思是需要消防队来“灭火”，因此应用词组 put out，表示“熄灭”。26.A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically “proved“ by economists that the laws of society made this necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the
43、economy going. （分数：2.50）解析：代词误用，应把 this 改为 it。解析 根据句子结构，此处代词所指代的是真正的宾语，即后面的不定式结构 to have a vast army of poor and jobless people，因此必须使用 it 作形式宾语，而不能使用其他代词。27.No one in this century has been most widely recognized as a genius than Einstein. （分数：2.50）解析：副词最高级误用，应把 most 改为 more。解析 根据后面的 than 一词和句意“没有人能比
44、得上爱因斯坦”可知，此处应用比较级。28.This portion of the story is punctuated for flash-forwards to a time 40 years in the future, showing the relationship between parents and children to be dramtically changed. （分数：2.50）解析：介词误用，应把 for 改为 with。解析 punctuate with 表示“用打断，交织”，此处的意思是“故事的这一部分总是穿插 40 年后的一些场景”。29.A great ma
45、ny cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale; some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found new one. （分数：2.50）解析：冠词缺失，应在句末中的 new one 前面加上不定冠词 a。解析 one 指代前面出现过的可数名词purpose，前面应该加上不定冠词 a，表示泛指。30.She touched him on his he
46、ad with a smile and said, “My boy, why not play what you know well?“ （分数：2.50）解析：代词误用，应把 his 改为 the。解析 表示身体部位的名词前通常要加定冠词。例如：I hit him on the chin./I gave him a pat on the shoulder.31.With a team of the researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand peopl
47、e of different ages with different jobs. （分数：2.50）解析：冠词冗余，应把 researchers 前面的 the 去掉。解析 a group of/a team of/a kind of 后的名词前一般不加定冠词 the，因为后面的名词已经被限定了。32.The Oriental plaza, which is used for ice-skating in winter and dining and dancing in summer, is one of Beijing“s most popular attraction. （分数：2.50）
48、解析：名词单复数错误，应把 attraction 改为 attractions。解析 attraction 作“向往的地方，有吸引力的事”讲时是可数名词，如 a tourist attraction“一个旅游胜地”。又由于 one of 后面跟复数名词，故使用复数形式 attractions。33.When it is time to say good-bye to their pets, owners can bury their pets in a respectful pet cemetery. （分数：2.50）解析：词义混淆，应把 respectful 改为 respectable。
49、解析 respectful 意为“表示敬意的”，respectable 意为“值得尊敬的，体面的”。此处句意是“主人把自己的宠物埋葬在体面的宠物墓地中”，因此使用 respectable。34.The reason why so many people raise pets is that little creature of all shapes and sizes can provide companionship and love. （分数：2.50）解析：名词单复数错误，应把 creature 改为 creatures。解析 由后置定语“of all shapes and sizes”可以判断出被修饰的名词应该用复数形式。35.The original chocolate drink was made of the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. （分数：2.50）解析：介词误用，应把 made of 中的 of 改为 from。解析 这里考查 be made of 和 be made from 的区别。若原料加工后完全变
