1、专业八级-279 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/B In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling tas
2、k after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. B Animals/B We can put animals into groups by studying their U(1) /U. We also have
3、 to U(2) /U the different parts of their bodies. Vertebrates are animals with U(3) /U and bones inside their bodies. Fish, amphibians and reptiles are known as U(4) /U vertebrates. All amphibians have thin skins which are usually wet and U(5) /U. Reptiles breathe through lungs and have dry U(6) /U s
4、kins. Most reptiles do not have U(7) /U. The mouth of a bird is in the form of a hard bill or U(8) /U. Most mammals live on land but some such as U(9) /U and dolphins live in water. All mammals breathe through U(10) /U.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二
5、、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following statements about the campus of the university is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Its out of town.B.Its large.C.It has many medieval buildings.D.It is noisy with much traffic.(2).The dormitory is _.（分数：1.00）A.cheapB.warm in winterC.old but beautifulD.newly b
6、uilt(3).The study rooms are NOT equipped with _.（分数：1.00）A.air-conditionersB.closed-circuit TVC.projectorsD.tape-recorders(4).How many laser printers in the computer center?（分数：1.00）A.threeB.fourC.sixD.seven(5).Many facilities in the university are introduced in the interview EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.lib
7、rariesB.stadiumsC.laboratoriesD.health center三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：4，分数：5.00)I Question 9 and 10 are based on the .following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).How many US soldiers were there on board?（分数：1.00）A.
8、sevenB.elevenC.fifteenD.seventeen(2).Senior military and diplomatic representatives from _ held a meeting on Tuesday.（分数：1.00）A.Afghanistan, Palestine and the United StatesB.Afghanistan, Turkistan and the United StatesC.Turkistan, Pakistan and the United StatesD.Afghanistan, Pakistan and the United
9、States1.I Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./IIf Iran resumes uranium enrichment, it will first face the examination of _.（分数：1.00）A.EUB.UN Security CouncilC.International Atomic Energy
10、AgencyD.UN General Assembly2.I Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./IThe donors come from the following international groups EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.AUB.UNC.EUD.NATO3.Which group is generally
11、expected to win a majority in the new parliament?（分数：1.00）A.The pro-Syrian allianceB.The anti-Syrian allianceC.The Labor PartyD.The Liberal Party四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BFrom the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the mo
12、st dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long
13、 and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly
14、 sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become
15、unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that soc
16、iety smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual sla
17、ughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was uni
18、versally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or s
19、o; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where the
20、y exist) should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordin
21、ately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.（分数：4.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.B.Thousa
22、nds of people the world over are killed each year.C.The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.D.Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.(2).What does the author think of society toward motorists?（分数：1.00）A.Society smiles on the motorists.B.Huge car parks are built in the cities a
23、nd towns.C.Victims of accidents are nothing.D.Society condones their rude driving.(3).Why does the author say “his car becomes the extension of his personality“ (in Para. 2)?（分数：1.00）A.Driving can show his real self.B.Driving can show the other part of his personality.C.Driving can bring out his cha
24、racter.D.His car embodies his temper.(4).The attitude of the author is _ toward motor cars.（分数：1.00）A.ironicalB.criticalC.appealingD.militantBTEXT B/BYet the difference in tone and language must strike us, as soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the functio
25、n of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two eases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand,
26、 is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by
27、the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which
28、 experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to
29、 make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentat
30、ively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whate
31、ver quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate.Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond
32、 partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anx
33、iety has been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greed oracles, for instance, pretended to heal our natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the
34、Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural deaththe inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions
35、 is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avenged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come, the real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits
36、untrained in and natural excellence. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill.What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results? The answer is easy
37、; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remolds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdomI mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit
38、of all food. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions a
39、nd practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of reason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the author, science differs from religion in that _.（分数：1.00）A.it is unaware of ultimate goalsB.it is unimaginativeC.its findings a
40、re exact and finalD.it resembles society and art(2).The author states that religion differs from rationality in that _.（分数：1.00）A.it relies on intuition rather than reasoningB.it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aimsC.it has disappointed mankindD.it has inspired ma
41、nkind(3).According to the author, the pursuit of religion has proved to be _.（分数：1.00）A.imaginativeB.a provider of hope for the futureC.a highly intellectual activityD.ineffectual(4).As used in the passage, the author would define “wisdom“ as _.（分数：1.00）A.the pursuit of rationality through imaginati
42、onB.an unemotional search for the truthC.a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is bestD.a short-sighted way of pursuing happinessBTEXT C/BWe might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a persons knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were.
43、 It really is extraordinary that after all these years educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good
44、 means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a persons true ability and aptitude.As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our societ
45、y. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesnt matter that you werent feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that dont count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what
46、the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of “drop outs“: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have
47、even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to mem
48、orize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best ed
