1、专业八级-277 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Body Systems A body system refers to a group of organs, which are parts of the body that do a special job, such as the heart, lungs and kidneys. Ten major body systems in the human body: 1) the skeletal system, which includes the
2、 bones and the (1)_ (1)_ tissues. 2) the muscle system, which plays the role of moving the body, pushing the food through the body and making the blood (2)_ (2)_ 3) the nervous system which is made up of the brain, the spinal (3)_and the nerves. (3)_ 4) the (4)_system which comprises of the stomach
3、and the (4)_ intestines and (5)_food to provide energy for the body. (5)_ 5) the respiratory system which consists of the windpipe and (6)_and takes air into the body. (6)_ 6) the circulatory system which includes the blood, the heart, and all the blood (7)_. (7)_ 7) the (8)_system made up of the ki
4、dneys and bladder. (8)_ 8) the lymphatic system. 9) the endocrine system composed of special (9)_which give (9)_ out hormones. 10) the (10)_system consisting of organs involved in making (10)_ new human beings.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION
5、 B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to Kelvin, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Customers go to the bar to buy their drinks.B.Customers have to queue for drinks at the bar.C.Customers have to wait for someone to take their orders.D.A waitress normally comes to the tables to take orders or mone
6、y.(2).Which of the following is TRUE of the service at a bar?（分数：1.00）A.A customer has to tip the waitress.B.A customer has to pay each time he gets drinks.C.A customer has to pay for all the drinks when he is leaving.D.A customer has t9 sit at the table to wait for their turn to be served.(3).The f
7、ollowing are served in pubs EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.alcoholicsB.spiritsC.fruit juicesD.milk(4).According to Kelvin, cordials refer to_.（分数：1.00）A.carbonated waterB.soft drinksC.strong and sweet drinksD.mineral water(5).Which of the following is NOT TRUE of VAT?（分数：1.00）A.VAT is the acronym of Value Added
8、 Tax.B.VAT is a tax charged on most goods in Britain.C.VAT is not charged on different services in Britain.D.A foreigner can get VAT back when he leaves Britain under the Retail Export Scheme.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).How many people were killed in the series of bomb explosions in Madrid?（分数：
9、1.00）A.90.B.190.C.120.D.1,200.(2).According to the Spanish government, who were responsible for the bomb explosions?（分数：1.00）A.Eta.B.al-Qaida.C.the supporters of the opposing party.D.the terrorists from the Middle East.(3).Where did the explosions take place?（分数：1.00）A.In some train stations.B.In so
10、me business areas.C.In the suburbs of Madrid.D.In the downtown of Madrid.I Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).Mr. Greenspan warned that_.（分数：1.00）A.protectionism w
11、ould hurt AmericaB.globalization would be harmful to AmericaC.more and more people would lose their jobsD.the prices would increase by 12 percent(2).According to Greenspan, what is essential to the economic success of a country?（分数：1.00）A.improvement in everyday life.B.improvement in educational sys
12、tem.C.lower wages and more working hours.D.more experienced workers and technicians.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BWhat kind of magic can make an 800-page novel seem too short? Whatever it is, debut author Susanna Clarke is possessed by it, and her astonished readers will surely hope she n
13、ever recovers. Her epic history of an alternative, magical England is so beautifully realized that not one of the many enchantments Clarke chronicles in the book could ever be as potent or as quickening as her own magnificent narrative.It is 1806, and Gilbert Norrell is the only true magician in Eng
14、land. He sets out to restore the practice of magic to a nation that has not seen it for more than 300 years. But there is an odd and fateful twist to Norrells character: he is as scholarly and insufferably pedantic as he is gifted. In short, Norrell is the most boring and unmagical person imaginable
15、. This is Clarkes masterstroke, the necessary touch of ordinary candleshine in the midst of all the uncanny fairy light she dispenses.Enter Jonathan Strange, the intuitive magician-the natural- who can improvise in a flash what Norrell has gleaned from long study. Strange becomes Norrells pupil, but
16、 soon the tension between their styles mounts to a breaking point. The two men realize that they have a fundamental disagreement about how to approach the mysterious and terrifying sources of English magic, in the face of which even Albus Dumbledore might find himself unnerved.Just as Norrell and St
17、range apprentice themselves to a Golden Age of medieval magicians, Clarke tethers her craft to the great 19th-century English masters of the novel, Jane Austen and Charles Dickens. The book offers not only an Austen-like. inquiry into the fine human line between ridiculous flaw and serious consequen
18、ce, but also a Dickensian flow of language in which a comical surplus of detail rings at last with certain and inevitable significance.This elixir of literary influences gives the story its delightful texture. But there is so much more to Jonathan Strange but it is not forgivable.Take this, for exam
19、ple: “National citizenship is inherently exclusionary.“ So no foreigners need ever apply for naturalisation, then. And“ . public anxiety about migration . is usually based on a rational understanding of the value of British citizenship and its incompatibility with over-porous borders“. Straight from
20、 the lexicon of the far right. And best of all: “You can have a welfare state provided that you are a homogenous society with intensely shared values.“These are extracts from an article in the Observer, penned by the liberal intellectual Goodhart, who is just one of several liberal thinkers now vigo
21、rously making what they consider a progressive argument against immigration. It goes like this: the more diverse a society, the less likely its citizens are to share common values; the fewer common values, the weaker the support for vital institutions of social solidarity, such as the welfare state
22、and the National Health Service.There are perfectly good reasons to worry about how we respond to immigration, not least the downward pressure on workers wages; the growth of racial inequality; and the exploitation of illegals. But the answer to these problems is not genteel xenophobia, but trade un
23、ion rights, backed by equality and employment law.The xenophobes should come clean. Their argument is not about immigration at all. They are liberal Powellites; what really bothers them is race and culture. If todays immigrants were white people from the old Commonwealth, Goodhart and his friends wo
24、uld say that they pose no threat because they share Anglo-Saxon values.Unfortunately for liberal Powellites, the real history of the NHS shatters their fundamental case against diversity. The NHS is a world-beating example of the way that ethnic diversity can create social solidarity. Launched by a
25、Welshman, built by Irish: labourers, founded on the skills of Caribbean nurses and Indian doctors, it is now being rescued by an emergency injection of Filipino nurses, refugee ancillaries and antipodean medics. And it remains 100% British.Virtually all of our public services have depended heavily o
26、n immigrants. Powell was forced to admit as much when, as minister for health he advertised for staff in the Caribbean. His new admirers will discover that a rapidly depopulating Europe will have no choice but to embrace diversity.For the moment, however, the liberal Powellites are gaining support i
27、n high places. Their ideas are inspired by the work of the American sociologist Putnam, a Downing Street favourite. He purports to show that dynamic, diverse communities are more fragmented than stable, monoethnic ones. But the policy wonks have forgotten that Putnams research was conducted in a soc
28、iety so marked by segregation that even black millionaires still live in gated ghettoes.The prime minister still seems uneasy on the issue. Last week, he wavered uncertainly between backing his pro-immigration home secretary, and a defensive response to Howards goading that the government was in a m
29、ess on the topic.Oddly enough, this is a place in the arena of world politics where the PM does not stand shoulder to shoulder with Bush. The Spanish-speaking former governor of Texas recently announced that he would “regularise“ the status of millions of illegal Mexican immigrants who had slipped a
30、cross the border to work. Its the kind of massive amnesty that would send the Daily Express into conniptions.Even more peculiar, the prime minister appears to be ignoring not only Blunkett but also his new best friend, the Labour mayor of London, Livingstone, and Scotlands first minister, McConnell.
31、 London wants more immigrants to keep pace with its booming economy, Scotland wants them to boost its ageing work forceYet the liberal Powellites still seem prepared to confront a Bush-Blunkett-Livingstone-McConnell axis, because they are scared witless by the far right. They hope that by appeasing
32、racism, theyll make it go away. But this is a beast with an insatiable appetite.The French discovered that too late; the thuggish National Front is now Frances second largest party, with one in five likely to vote for them in upcoming local elections. Liberal secularists who joined in the assault on
33、 the rights of French Muslims now have to find a convincing explanation for their cowardice, which has also betrayed the freedom of expression of French Jews and Christians.In Holland, this spinelessness has ended up as straight leftwing racism. The previously liberal Dutch establishment is now push
34、ing an asylum policy so extreme even the Sun was moved to criticise it.The line up that favours managed migration and diversity-Blunkett, McConnell, Livingstone, Bush and the Sun-share one quality that the PM should envy m6re than any other at present: they are all popular with the public. Maybe the
35、 government ought to pay, more heed to this focus group than the ones that see scary foreigners on every street corner.Perhaps we should also be creating an even more progressive immigration policy, for example offering easier admission to those who will bring their skills to the depopulated regions
36、 of the north. The Americans will next year offer more work permits to IT whizzkids from India than ever before; and before the middle of the century, the worlds strongest economy will become its most ethnically diverse. Our own population is still over 92% white; we shouldnt be duped by anxious fai
37、nt-hearts into becoming an all-white backwater.（分数：5.00）(1).At the beginning of the passage the writer sounds critical of_.（分数：1.00）A.genteel xenophobiaB.liberal commitmentC.Britains multi-ethnicityD.populist bigotry(2).According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00
38、）A.Those who dislike immigrants should admit their mistakes.B.The UK and the US do not agree on the immigration issue.C.The Daily Express supports Texass regularizing illegal immigrants.D.Racism will not automatically come to an end if people give in to it.(3).The writer seems to side with_.（分数：1.00
39、）A.the far rightB.the liberal PowellitesC.the liberal Dutch establishmentD.the Bush-Blunkett-Livingstone-McConnell axis(4).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：1.00）A.it is beneficial for Britain to be a homogeneous societyB.it is beneficial for Britain to be ethnically more diverseC.the Fr
40、ench National Front is cowardD.the Sun enjoys the greatest popularity(5).This passage is most probably part of_.（分数：1.00）A.an ethnic studyB.a newspaper articleC.a government reportD.a research reportBTEXT C/BRudolf Virchow was among the greatest minds in medicine in the 19th century. As a result of
41、his hard work and determination, great strides were made in the fields of pathological and physiological medicine. Virchow attended Friederich Institute where he studied to become a physician. Throughout his studies, Virchow performed a plethora of research disproving that phlebitis was the cause of
42、 most diseases. Once he graduated from Friederich Institute, Virchow went on to study at the University of Berlin where he became a medical doctor in 1843. He was championed as the founder of cellular pathology because of his extensive research that disease is created and reproduced at the cellular
43、level of the body.Virchow also took on the role of educator. He was involved in opening a school of nursing in Friederichshain Hospital and designed the new sewer system for the city of Berlin. In 1856, he was appointed as Chair of the Pathological Anatomy Department at the University of Berlin and
44、the new Pathology Institute opened there as well. One of his greatest accomplishments in his career happened in 1874, when he introduced the standardized technique to perform autopsies.Virchow was extremely active in his community and bad a passion for life-long learning. He was elected to the Berli
45、n City Council for exclusive work in the areas of public health. He reported that the poor housing conditions, declining milk supply and sepsis found throughout the area contributed to the high infant mortality rate in the area. In his opinion the Government was not living up to his expectations of
46、taking care of the people of Germany.He had regularly authored articles through his journal, Medicinische Reform, demanding social change from the German government, focusing largely on the idea that the profession of physicians should be unified and that medical education should have more training
47、in clinical medicine related to diagnosis based on physiologic medicine. Basically, he was a forerunner in the field of primary prevention of disease: treating the symptoms before the disease set into the body.He campaigned for drastic social reform and bad also contributed to the development of ant
48、hropology as a modern science and in 1869 was a founder of the German Anthropological Society, and the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory, presiding over this body until he perished in 1902. His studies in anthropology began with the skulls of mentally disabled people often called cretins and what developmental basis for that condition was present in the skull.Virchow published many works. He was also editor of the Journal of Ethnology and Virchows Archive. Virchow was not only a brilliant phys
