1、专业八级-276 及答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Character Analysis. Different Types of 1 Protagonists and 2 Major and minor characters Foils a) The 3 of major characters b) The lite version of major characters Round and flat characters a) Round character: more than one facet
2、 to the personality b) Flat character: only one facet to the personality . Literary Patterns That Protagonists Follow Anti-hero: graceless, inept, 4 Tragic hero: flaws within himself lead to his 5 Romantic hero: capture the hearts of girls 6 hero: rise to challenge in very unusual circumstances Hemi
3、ngway hero: have a rough life . Writing a Character Analysis Describe the character and 7 your choice Write your thesis in 8 Identify 9 of characters Decide whether it is a protagonist, major or round character 10 a) Physical things b) Peculiar 11 c) Characters“ relation with the other players d) St
4、rengths and weaknesses Analyze actions a) Analyze character“s actions b) Analyze the action of the 12 Relate to the conflict a) External or internal conflict b) Conflict against people or something abstract c) Character“s attempt to 13 14 the ideas a) Restate and paraphrase the main points in the en
5、d b) Avoid 15 in the last paragraph （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Meaning in Literature. AUTHOR Interpret author“s intended meaning by a) Reading other works by 16 b) Knowing common meanings in a particular paramete
6、r c) Knowing how authors and readers of that time interpreted texts d) Knowing cultural 17 of that time Personal meaning are influenced by 18 and cultural meanings Authorial intention is complicated a) Cultural constraints b) Develop meanings not originally 19 by the author c) Cultural or symbolic m
7、eanings unclear to author d) Not realise all of the 20 in the work . TEXT 21 of the text a) Grammar b) Language c) Uses of 22 Meanings are agreed upon based on the factors of a) Conventions of meaning b) Traditions c) 23 d) Conventions of usage, practice and 24 Meanings are complicated a) A text is
8、a(n) 25 b) Meanings are cultural and contextual . READER Meaning is social a) Language and conventions work as meanings are 26 b) Readers participate in social or cultural meaning c) 27 is part of culture and history Meaning is contextual a) Codes in literature b) Reader competency: the experience a
9、nd knowledge of 28 texts Meaning is cultural a) Different conventions and ways of reading and writing b) Understand the 29 of the author c) Negotiation across time, 30 , etc. （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Analyzing
10、Fiction. 31 Arrangement of events to a) 32 b) Raise the level of generality c) 33 the meaning Relation of events No relation of events a) Poorly written b) Lack of relation is the 34 of the narrative . Character Explore human experience Represent particular 35 of human nature Represent conflicts, va
11、lues and emotions Contrasting or parallel characters . Setting Concrete and general settings Have 36 significance Used in contrasting and 37 ways . Narrator See things from a certain point of view External narrator a) Objective and omniscient voice b) Keep readers in a suspenseful or 38 relation Nar
12、rator within the story a) Tell the story in 39 b) Reliable or unreliable 40 character a) Not know be or she is a character b) Unaware of the narration or the narrator . Figurative language Characterize the 41 and understanding of characters Establish thematic and tonal continuities and significance
13、. Representation of reality Represent different aspects of reality in different ways Concrete narrative: adhere to 42 , represent daily events Represent spiritual aspect through 43 etc. . World-view Read for a) 44 b) World-view c) Ideological assumptions Use devices intentionally to present world-vi
14、ew Readers should be aware of a) World-view presented b) Distances and similarities between fiction world and readers“ world c) Significances of what are 45 in the narrative to represent human experience. （分数：40.05）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
15、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_专业八级-276 答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Character Analysis. Different Types of 1 Protagonists and 2 Major and minor characters Foils a) The 3 of major characters b) The lite version of major characters Round and flat characters a) Round character:
16、more than one facet to the personality b) Flat character: only one facet to the personality . Literary Patterns That Protagonists Follow Anti-hero: graceless, inept, 4 Tragic hero: flaws within himself lead to his 5 Romantic hero: capture the hearts of girls 6 hero: rise to challenge in very unusual
17、 circumstances Hemingway hero: have a rough life . Writing a Character Analysis Describe the character and 7 your choice Write your thesis in 8 Identify 9 of characters Decide whether it is a protagonist, major or round character 10 a) Physical things b) Peculiar 11 c) Characters“ relation with the
18、other players d) Strengths and weaknesses Analyze actions a) Analyze character“s actions b) Analyze the action of the 12 Relate to the conflict a) External or internal conflict b) Conflict against people or something abstract c) Character“s attempt to 13 14 the ideas a) Restate and paraphrase the ma
19、in points in the end b) Avoid 15 in the last paragraph （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Literary Characters）解析： Literary Characters 听力原文 Character AnalysisGood morning, everyone. Today, we will continue our lecture series about literary studies, particularly about writing a character analysis. In college lit
20、erature classes, students are required to write numerous essays because instructors expect their students to demonstrate not only an understanding of the core concepts being taught but also of the assigned readings. One type of essay that you will be required to write is a character analysis, which
21、is an essay that examines one or more major or minor characters in a story or play. Today, I am going to tell you some basic things you need to know about writing a character analysis. First of all, to write a good character analysis, we should know about the different types of literary characters.
22、Characters can be protagonists or heroes. That“s the main character around whom most of the work revolves. Characters can also be antagonists, the person who the protagonist is against. This is often the villain, but could be a force of nature, set of circumstances, an animal, etc. And then we have
23、major characters and minor characters. Major characters are the main characters. They dominate the story. Often there are only one or two major characters. Minor characters are those who help tell the major character“s tale by letting major characters interact and reveal their personalities, situati
24、ons, stories. We also have foils. These are the people whose job is to contrast with the major character. This can happen in two ways. One: The foil can be the opposite of the major character, so the major“s virtues and strengths are that much “brighter“ in reflection. Two: The foil can be someone l
25、ike the major character, with lite versions of the major“s virtues and strengths so that the major comes off as even stronger. Above all, we have round characters and flat characters. Round character means the character has more than one facet to their personality. They are not just a hardcore gamer
26、, but they also play basketball on the weekends. On the other hand, flat character is the one who is only viewed through one side. This is the hardcore gamer and that“s all there is to the character. As we now understand the different types of characters in the story, we should also understand that
27、protagonists can follow literary patterns or types. The first one is the anti-hero, for example, Holden Canfield. This is the guy your mother would not want you or your sister to date. They are often graceless, inept, and actually dishonest. The second is the tragic hero like Oedipus and Macbeth. Th
28、is is the guy whose bad end is a result of flaws within himself. Thirdly, we have the romantic hero, such as Don Juan, and James Bond. This is the guy the girls all swoon over. He gets the girls, even when he doesn“t want to keep them. And we also have the modern hero like Chuck Bartowski. This is t
29、he average guy who is put in extraordinary circumstances and rises to the challenge. Finally, we have the Hemingway hero. This is the guy who has been in a war, drinks too much, gets his girlfriend pregnant, and she dies. Or guys like him. Thirdly and also the last part of my talk is about how we ca
30、n analyze a literary character for a college essay. When it comes to knowing just how to write a college character analysis essay, you cannot go wrong by using this tried and true structure. First, begin by describing the character you have chosen for your study and why you chose to analyze him or h
31、er. Your opening paragraph should end with your essay“s thesis. The thesis is the main idea you want to convey in your paper. In one or two sentences, explain the point that your essay will make about the character. Then, identify types of characters. It is important that your essay defines what typ
32、e of character you are writing about. Is your character the protagonist, the hero, or the antagonist, the villain? Did you choose a major or a minor character? Is your character a round one or a flat one? Next, defining traits. Discuss the traits that define and motivate your character. These traits
33、 can range from physical things, such as your character walks with a limp, to psychological quirks, like an intense hatred of the upper class. Think about how the character relates to the other players in the story. Is he/she kind or cruel, moral or immoral when dealing with others? Is the character
34、 like or unlike the other characters in the text? Remember to include discussions of both the strengths and weaknesses of your character. Few characters are all good or all bad. Fourthly, analyzing actions. Analyze how the defining traits of your character influence his or her actions and in turn in
35、fluence the action of the plot. Does the character act without thinking or does he/she give careful consideration before talking action? How do the actions of the character influence the other players in the story? Do your character“s choices drive the action of the plot? If the character“s choices
36、do not influence the action of the plot, why is he/she important to the story? What would be lost if that character was not a part of the book? Fifthly, relationship to the conflict. What is the conflict that drives your character? This has the potential to be many things. Is the conflict external o
37、r internal? Is the conflict against other people or against something abstract, such as fate or evil? Discuss how your character attempts to solve this conflict and what that says about him or her. Last but not least, summarize your ideas. Your ending paragraph is your chance to restate the main poi
38、nts of your paper. Most teachers do not want to see new ideas at the end of your paper. You want to paraphrase the main ideas you have made previously and restate your thesis. OK. I have outlined the basic types of characters and literary patterns of protagonists for you. I also introduced to you a
39、six-step method of writing a character analysis essay. Next time, we shall talk about theme and motif in stories and how to write an essay on motif. 解析 讲座首先提到，为了写好人物分析，我们应该了解文学中不同类型的人物。根据提纲，填入Literary Characters。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：antagonists）解析： antagonists解析 讲座讨论的是人物角色。一般来说，人物角色可以分为正面人物和反面人物(力量)。这里填 a
40、ntagonists。此题也可根据常识作答。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：opposite）解析： opposite解析 在谈及“陪衬人物”时，讲座提到两种，其中第一种是作为主要人物的反面而出现，其作用是让主要人物的美德和力量在其反衬之下更为“高大”。因此，这里填 opposite。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：dishonest）解析： dishonest解析 讲座谈到文学作品中的主人公的第一种，即非英雄式的主人公，表现为粗俗，愚昧，不诚实的。根据提纲，填入 dishonest。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：bad end）解析： bad end解析 谈到悲剧英雄的特征时，讲座提到，悲剧英雄
41、不好的结局通常是都是由于自身的缺憾所造成的。题目先给出原因自身的缺憾，让考生填结果不好的结局，即 bad end。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Moder）解析： Modern解析 本题考查的是其中一种人物类型英雄类型的特征。讲座提到，现代英雄是被置于异常的场景并接受挑战的普通人。填 Modern。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：justify/explai）解析： justify/explain解析 讲座第三方面谈论的是如何写人物分析。其中，首先要描述你所选的人物，然后解析为什么你会选择分析这个人物。考生要懂得找一个动词来替代讲座中的 why。故填 justify或 explain 均可。 填
42、空项 1:_ （正确答案：the opening paragraph）解析： the opening paragraph解析 录音提到，文章的开头段应以文章的论点结尾。因此本题填 the opening paragraph。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：types）解析： types解析 本题询问写人物分析的第二步是什么。讲座中提到我们应该指出人物所属的类型。因此，这里填 types。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Define traits）解析： Define traits解析 录音讲到如何进行人物分析的第三点，即定义人物的性格特征。填入Define traits。 填空项 1:_ （正确答
43、案：psychology）解析： psychology解析 在谈到性格特征方面，讲座提到，有身体的动作，有心理上的怪癖(quirks)等。但是题目把 peculiar(怪异的)放在空格前面，其后需要一个名词。故填 psychology。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：plot）解析： plot解析 写人物分析的第四步是分析行为。讲座提到，性格特征对人物的行动和小说情节的驱动都有影响。空格缺的是 plot。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：solve the conflict）解析： solve the conflict解析 在谈到矛盾冲突时，讲座谈及了一系列问题，其中包括需要讨论人物是如何尝试解决冲
44、突的。空格处缺少的是 solve the conflict。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Summarize）解析： Summarize解析 讲座谈到如何进行人物分析的最后一点，即总结观点。文章的结尾部分应该要重新阐述自己的主要观点。因此根据提纲空格，本题填入 Summarize。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：ew ideas）解析： new ideas解析 本题询问在人物分析文章的最后一段应避免什么。讲座提到，许多老师都不希望在最后一段看到新的观点，即 new ideas。 Meaning in Literature. AUTHOR Interpret author“s intended m
45、eaning by a) Reading other works by 16 b) Knowing common meanings in a particular parameter c) Knowing how authors and readers of that time interpreted texts d) Knowing cultural 17 of that time Personal meaning are influenced by 18 and cultural meanings Authorial intention is complicated a) Cultural
46、 constraints b) Develop meanings not originally 19 by the author c) Cultural or symbolic meanings unclear to author d) Not realise all of the 20 in the work . TEXT 21 of the text a) Grammar b) Language c) Uses of 22 Meanings are agreed upon based on the factors of a) Conventions of meaning b) Tradit
