1、专业八级-276 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)B Language Families/B There are overU (1) /Ulanguages that are used throughout the world today. Almost all of these languages belong to a much smaller number of language families. All of the languages within a language family are
2、 related and all of them have a similar history. Therefore, the grammar, vocabulary, sounds of related languages, the way of thinking and the style of talking among related languages areU (2) /U. Even though there are so many languages used today, there are only about 20 or 30 major language familie
3、s. . TheU (3) /Ufamily. It includes most of the languages that are spoken throughout Europe, for exampleU (4) /U. . TheU (5) /Ufamily. It includes most languages in the area of North Africa and the Middle East. . The Bantu family. It includes most of the languages spoken in central and southernU (6)
4、 /U. . TheU (7) /Ufamily. It includes all dialects of Chinese, the languages of southeast Asia. Of course, not all the languages of east Asia belong to this family, for example,U (8) /U. . The Polynesian family. The Polynesian languages areU (9) /U. They are spoken on the islands around Indonesia, i
5、slands eastward all the way to Hawaii, islands west all the way to Madagascar, off the east coast of Africa. Example of Polynesian languages:U (10) /U. These five language groups or language families are only a few of the major language families from around the world. There are many more.（分数：10.00）填
6、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What was Tims first job?（分数：1.00）A.He worked as a salesperson in a clothing shop.B.He was the manager of a clothing shop.C.He worked in a laundry.D.He was a lifeguard in a swimming pool.(2).If peopl
7、e disliked the clothes they tried on, what did Tim do when he was new in his job?（分数：1.00）A.He thought that it was a personal matter and did not give any advice.B.He told the customers the truth.C.He said that the clothes all looked wonderful.D.He persuaded the customers to buy the clothes.(3).What
8、was NOT the reason for Jo to take her first job?（分数：1.00）A.She had four months free before she went to college,B.She needed the money.C.She was not qualified for anything.D.Her working place was near her home.(4).What is TRUE about Jos workmates?（分数：1.00）A.They were all above thirty years.B.All the
9、workmates were tough to her.C.The oldest workmate was old Nellie, who was 74 years old.D.She got along quite well with all the workmates.(5).What did Jo have to do in the laundry?（分数：1.00）A.She washed nurses aprons and surgeons caps.B.She folded surgeons caps into knife-edged creases.C.She pressed s
10、urgeons caps and nurses aprons.D.She steamed the clothes of the surgeons and nurses.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).Where was the prison located?（分数：1.00）A.In the southern state of Tumailimo.B.In the mining town of Tnmailimo.C.In the jungles southeast of Caracas.D.70 kilometers southeast of Caracas
11、.(2).According to the news, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.The injured people have been taken to the prison hospital for medical treatment.B.The clash broke out when the prisoners were eating breakfast.C.The riot was caused by rivalry between inmates and police.D.Dozens of people have bee
12、n killed or wounded in the riot.I Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).According to Rear Adm. John D. Stufflebeem, the total number of Taliban detainees under US con
13、trol（分数：1.00）A.22.B.300.C.324.D.482.(2).What is now under discussion according to Pentagon spokeswoman Torie Clarke?（分数：1.00）A.The Geneva Convention.B.The screening process.C.The true identity of the detainees.D.The status and ultimate disposition .of the detainees.(3).In terms of the application of
14、 the Geneva Convention, the US is determined（分数：1.00）A.to keep the total number of Taliban detainees growing.B.to discuss the detainees and other matters.C.to look at the matter with new eyes and new thoughts.D.to identify people and what category they would belong in.四、BPART READING (总题数：6，分数：20.00
15、)BTEXT A/BIt was the English scientist-philosopher Francis Bacon who said, “Knowledge itself is power. “This is an important dictum, but it has never been so true as today, with the advent of the Information Age.At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, a countrys comparative advantage depended
16、 largely on the natural resources it was endowed by Nature. People had to learn rudimentary skills when they joined manufacturing industries. They were called blue-collar workers, and they formed the majority, directed by a minority of managers.After World War II, the invention and increasing use of
17、 the microchip brought about great changes in the structure of mans social production. While the primary industry (agriculture) and the secondary industry (manufacturing) remain to be important, there have been rapid advances in the tertiary industry (services). And there is now talk of a fourth ind
18、ustry, the information industry.In the industrialized world, that is, in the US, Europe and Japan, about two thirds of jobs are now in the service sector, and the number is on the rise. Of course, there are roughly two different groups of job-holders in the service sector itself. The jobs in the fir
19、st group, such as retail sales, food services, trucking and janitorial services, which are unskilled occupations, are low-wage, while in the second group are high-paid investment banker, computer programmers, high technicians, etc. , who are able to solve complicated problems by applying information
20、. And the second group of service job-holders represent the future in economic development.It is argued that in future people should no longer be classified as white collar or blue collar, but rather as knowledge workers and non-knowledge workers. The knowledge workers cannot only read and write and
21、 perform rote tasks, they must meet the basic requirement of computer literacy and constantly think up new ways to meet the changing demands of increasing productivity.More and more people are learning to be competent in using personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Breakthrou
22、ghs in bio-engineering, artificial intelligence, new materials, and still unimagined fields of technology and management will greatly advance productivity. It is people with the most advanced knowledge who will take the lead. Systems analysts, computer scientists and programmers, management analysts
23、 and inventors and developers are in most demand in the industrialized countries.In manufacturing itself, for example, there is a move away from standardized production and toward more flexible, customized manufacturing. Hence the growth of a large number of small factories, which are owned by a few
24、 multi-skilled and ever-retrained worker-engineer-managers, and equipped with precision, reset table machines working special materials like stainless steel and titanium. They are able to produce new-designed precision turned parts at the bidding of customers, often bigger factories, and their manag
25、ers work with their hands and brains at the same time.The only way to greater knowledge is through education and training. Knowledge, as much as capital, material resources and sweat, has become an essential factor of production. The educational system of a society ought to enable its members to mak
26、e a rapid transition to the above-described knowledge-based work. Otherwise, that society will inevitably lag behind.It has been the way of developed countries to automate out of existence low-productivity factories and jobs; or transfer them to a country where costs are lower. In other words, the d
27、eveloped countries have been trying to keep higher wage jobs, while moving lower wage jobs to the developing countries. However, in the great worldwide movement to the Information Age, if a developed country should fail to bring up-to date its system of education and training, it may not be able to
28、continue growing richer.So now we come to understand Bacons dictum better. Knowledge itself is power. The challenge facing every country is to resuscitate its investment and training. If the intellectual capacity is not there, the investments wont come. And the raw materials of the new economy-infor
29、mation and knowledge-will be of a nations own making.（分数：4.00）(1).A trend in the secondary industry is that_.（分数：1.00）A.there will be no more large factoriesB.mass-manufacturing will be shifted into tailored manufacturingC.there will be no differences among workers, engineers and managersD.standardi
30、zed production will become under-standardized production(2).Which of the following is a common practice in such developed countries as the US?（分数：1.00）A.Substituting the tertiary industry for the secondary industry.B.Electing people with the most advanced knowledge as their leader.C.Replacing the fi
31、rst group of service job-holders by the second group.D.Keeping knowledge-intensive jobs while moving labour-intensive ones to the developing countries.(3).According to the passage, in the Information Age, a nation will develop faster than the others if it has（分数：1.00）A.an abundance of natural resour
32、cesB.a highly-developed service industryC.a better-adjusted educational systemD.many higher wage jobs(4).A conclusion can be drawn from the passage that_.（分数：1.00）A.a nation should rely on itself to boost the new economyB.developing countries need investment to boost the new economyC.developed count
33、ries will always take advantage of the developing onesD.natural resources will no longer be needed as raw materials in the new economyBTEXT B/BThere are two types of risk related to investment. The obvious risk is that the company you invest in will fold and you will lose everything. The other type
34、of risk is how much the value of your investment can ohange. Some investments swing wildly: one month they are worth four times what you put in, the next month they are worth only one quarter of the money you put in. If you have to take your money out at the wrong time, you lose lots. Low-risk inves
35、tmentsClassic low-risk investments are government stocks and bank deposits. The institutions arent likely to go out of existence. And the investments are “capital guaranteed“, meaning your balance can never drop below the amount you put in.But even these classic low-risk investments carry the risk t
36、hat interest rates will rise and you will be stuck with your money tied up at the lower interest rates at which you first invested. And not every fixed-interest investments is with a rock-solid organization. Some providers may offer capital “guaranteed“ products where in fact no third party is guara
37、nteeing the continuing financial viability of the provider of the product. The warning is that investors must check that the guarantee and the person or institution offering the guarantee are both good and strong. Any guarantee is only as good as those offering it.High-risk investmentsThe classic hi
38、gh-risk investment is in shares in a small company which is perhaps newly listed on the stock exchange. Such a small company could quite easily collapse. On the other hand, the share price might soar.If an investor wants to up the ante, they borrow money to buy the shares. Through whats known as lev
39、erage or gearing, investors hope to make a huge return not only on their own money, but also on someone elses. If the company collapses, they not only lose their investment, but must also repay their debt.Numerous studies have shown that, on average, high-risk investors make more than low-risk ones.
40、 Over time, the stock market rewards them for sticking their necks out, and sometimes getting them chopped off. Even during the 1980s, the decade of the stock market crash, one study shows that over the whole of the ten years shares outperformed lower-risk fixed interest and property investments.Thi
41、s brings us to the first basic rule relating to risk: high risk equals high return. If you want to maximize your savings, take some risk with at least some of your money.Keep in mind, though, the second rule relating to risk., diversify your investment. This is partly so you wont be hurt too badly i
42、f one company falls over. In short, youre mad not to spread your money around. All the big financial institutions do, This means dividing it among: different types of investments-some in shares, some in property, some in bonds and so on; different investments within each group-shares in lots of diff
43、erent companies, several properties, a variety of fixed-interest investments different countries-not only China, the US or Japan but in Europe or South-East Asia.If its all starting to sound impossible for one person to manage, it probably is. Fortunately several investment products are designed to
44、diversifying for you. For example, one unit trust can hold a much wider range of local and overseas investments than an individual could dream of.Take care, though. Putting all you money in just one diversified unit trust still exposes you to the risk that the trust will be badly damaged. Perhaps us
45、ing two or three trusts or other diversified investments would be the answer.（分数：3.00）(1).As far as guarantee is concerned, in low-risk investments,_.（分数：1.00）A.there is no real guaranteeB.only rock-solid organisations can offer a guaranteeC.one needs a third party to offer a guaranteeD.one is guara
46、nteed to profit(2).If you want to have a high return, you will_.（分数：1.00）A.avoid any risk investmentB.try low-risk investments only and avoid high-risk onesC.try high-risk investments only and avoid low-risk onesD.try both high-risk investments and low-risk ones(3).Which of the following idioms may
47、be used by the author as a suggestion for minimizing risks?（分数：1.00）A.More haste, less speed.B.Dont put all your eggs into one basket.C.Dont count your chickens before they are hatched.D.Look before you leap.BTEXT C/BThe digital age may only just have dawned, but last night a group of eminent instit
48、utions issued a warning that large swaths of digital heritage risk being lost forever without urgent action to preserve them.While the average website or e-mail would hardly qualify to be described as vital cultural artifacts, electronic information and communications are now so vital to every aspect of daily life that future generations could find an enormous “black hole in peoples collective memory“ if important digital material is allowed to disappear, according to the Digital Preservation Coalition:At risk. is everythi
