1、专业八级-271 及答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Four Steps of Learning a Foreign LanguageThe efforts spent in high school learning a foreign language were almost futile. Fortunately, for freshmen students, it is possible to learn a foreign language fast without traveling to
2、the destination where that particular language is spoken. . Problem of Formal Language Class Insistent mix of conversation, grammar and 1 Analogy: trying to lose weight and then put on muscle . Requirement for the Method to Be Outlined Time: at least 2 of studying per day Materials: a notebook, 3 ,
3、and an mp3 player . Four Steps of Learning Language The order of these four steps should 4 Step 1: Alphabet and Pronunciation In terms of brain reaction, the pronunciation comes before the 5 Use 6 for audio files of alphabet Listen with a headphone to spot the 7 of the speech Take one week to 8 your
4、seff with the sounds Step 2: Vocabulary Learn the 9 Get a word list from Google or pick the words from a dictionary Memorize the words 10 Work on 50-100 words a day for about 11 Step 3: Grammar Search for grammar 12 Study the basics: conjugations, 13 and exceptions to the basic rule Study for 1 or 2
5、 hours a day for about one month Step 4: Reading and Listening Search for short stories, 14 or novels Translate these stories into your own language Download podcasts, movies, and TV shows and watch on-line videos 15 what they are saying Practice pronouncing words like natives （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1
6、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Why Learning Spanish?The importance of Spanish is growing in Europe. Spanish, with 400 million speakers, is the fourth most commonly spoken language in the world. In addition to this, there are many other re
7、asons for us to learn Spanish. . Better understanding of English Many English words have 16 origins English and Spanish share similar 17 . 18 Many Spanish-spealdng people are no long confined in 19 states, Florida and New York City . Travel People who speak Spanish will have more 20 experiences when
8、 travelling . Cultural understanding Help us understand how other people 21 Offer us a wealth of modem and traditional 22 . Help people learn other languages Prepare us for learning other languages, such as 23 Share some characteristics with Russian and German: 24 and extensive conjugation Japanese:
9、 25 . It“s easy to learn Its vocabulary is 26 English“s Written Spanish is almost 27 Basic grammar is straightforward . 28 Expanded professional opportunities in medicine, education, 29 , and communications or tourism . It“s fun Successfully speaking in another tongue is 30 （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
10、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_LanguageDespite the fact that many definitions of language have been proposed, succinct definitions of language usually bring various questions. To understand the notion of language better, there are several as
11、pects that should be taken into consideration. . Vocal communication in childhood Composition of the system of vocal communication Functions of the system of vocal communication: A. 31 B. Express feelings and emotions C. Influence the activities of others D. 32 oneself with friendliness or hostility
12、 . Different systems of vocal communication constitute different languages Hard to define the 33 between languages Different languages - people do not understand each other without 34 by both parties 35 - different systems of communication that may impede but do not prevent mutual comprehension Idio
13、lect - the 36 of a single person . Acquisition of languages 37 : spoken by one“s parents or by those with whom they are brought up from infancy Second Language: learned to different degrees of competence under various conditions Bilingualism: Completely 38 two languages A. Raised by parents speaking
14、 different languages at home B. Raised within 39 . Language is species-specific to human beings Animals communicate through 40 or else Human language is infinitely 41 and creative . 42 of language Facilitate communication Express a national or local 43 44 function of language: puns, riddles, and cro
15、ssword puzzles Functions in imaginative or symbolic contexts: poetry, drama, and religion . Language and its relation to society Language is a working system of communication in a certain 45 The product of history and source of its future development （分数：40.05）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
16、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_专业八级-271 答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Four Steps of Learning a Foreign LanguageThe efforts spent in high school learning a foreign language were almost futile. Fortunately, for freshmen students, it i
17、s possible to learn a foreign language fast without traveling to the destination where that particular language is spoken. . Problem of Formal Language Class Insistent mix of conversation, grammar and 1 Analogy: trying to lose weight and then put on muscle . Requirement for the Method to Be Outlined
18、 Time: at least 2 of studying per day Materials: a notebook, 3 , and an mp3 player . Four Steps of Learning Language The order of these four steps should 4 Step 1: Alphabet and Pronunciation In terms of brain reaction, the pronunciation comes before the 5 Use 6 for audio files of alphabet Listen wit
19、h a headphone to spot the 7 of the speech Take one week to 8 yourseff with the sounds Step 2: Vocabulary Learn the 9 Get a word list from Google or pick the words from a dictionary Memorize the words 10 Work on 50-100 words a day for about 11 Step 3: Grammar Search for grammar 12 Study the basics: c
20、onjugations, 13 and exceptions to the basic rule Study for 1 or 2 hours a day for about one month Step 4: Reading and Listening Search for short stories, 14 or novels Translate these stories into your own language Download podcasts, movies, and TV shows and watch on-line videos 15 what they are sayi
21、ng Practice pronouncing words like natives （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：vocabulary）解析： vocabulary 听力原文 Four Steps of Learning a Foreign LanguageGood morning, everyone. Today, we are going to talk about an important topic among college students: how to learn a foreign language fast and free. There is one
22、thing that al- ways amazes the new round of college freshmanthe fact that the years they spent studying a foreign language in high school was essentially worthless. They learned nothing. What is the point of spending years studying a language if in the end you know the amount of a beginner? There ha
23、s to be a better way to learn. Luckily, with the Internet and all the resources available, it is very possible to learn a language, quite fluently, for free without traveling to that land. The problem with most formal language class is the insistent mix of conversation, grammar, and vocabulary all m
24、ixed together. This method considerably slows a person down. Think of it, for a moment, as someone who is obese, which would work faster: 1) dieting and dropping the fat pounds, then eating larger amounts and exercising to put on muscle, or 2) trying to lose the fat while simultaneously putting on m
25、uscle? The first is the better choice, as dieting requires less food and putting on muscle requires moreyou need to start somewhere. The same principle applies to learning a foreign language fastthe brain needs a foothold, somewhere to get a strong grip and begin the work. This method I“m going to o
26、utline works, and it works well. It requires, ideally, one hour minimttm of studying per day, a notebook, an Internet connection, and preferably an mp3 player or iPod. The four steps should be followed in orderthe steps listed are the way the brain learns best. Trying to do one step before the other
27、 will slow the learning process down. Step 1: Alphabet and Pronunciation. The brain, first and foremost, wants to be able to pronounce what it sees. Even if you don“t know what the word means, the brain is satisfied if it can pronounce the word. When you first saw a word, what did you think first? T
28、he pronunciation or the meaning? The pronunciation. To learn the proper way to pronounce the alphabet and how to transliterate it, if using foreign letters, do a Google search for audio files. You will be able to find these on any language. You can listen to them with computer speakers, or you can d
29、ownload them to an mp3 player. Either way, it is best to listen to them with headphones on, so you can hear the nuances of the speech. Repeat each sound, and continue to memorize until you have it all learned. Ideally, this should take you no more than one week. Step 2: Vocabulary. The very next thi
30、ng that the brain wants is vocabulaywords are the most basic form of communication. It“s the same way with childrendrink, potty, and hungry are all basic words that convey a meaning. This is the most basic form of communication. Each language has approx. 2,000 words that are the most used in everyda
31、y conversation, and these are the ones you will need to learn. The rest of your vocabulary can be expanded overtime with literature and movies in that language. Try to obtain a list of the most common words in the language you are learning by running a Google search. If you cannot locate one, then o
32、btain a dictionary and pick out all the words you use every dayparticles, nouns, verbs, etc. Make flash cards, download a flash card program, or makes flash cards for your mp3 player if it has picture capabilities. Memorize the words thoroughly, until you can say them on command, at anytime, without
33、 thinking about it. You should be able to look at a page full of these words and readily understand them without even thinking about it. You should be able to look at an object in a room and says its name with the language you are learning without hesitation. If you can do this, then you are ready t
34、o move on. Learning these words should take approx, one month, assuming you work on them diligently and try to learn 50-100 words every day. Step 3: Grammar. Only after you have a good foothold on pronunciation and a large vocabulary should you begin with grammar. It is so much simpler to work at de
35、ciphering a text when you understand all the words. This will allow you to pick up on the structure habits and differences in word order and phrases. Search online for a grammar manual, or a collection of lessons. Once you have found one, study all the basicsconjugatious, word order, and exceptions
36、to the basic rules. Once you have a grasp of the conjugations possible and the word order, proceed to step 4. Step 3 should take approx, one month if studied for an hour or two every day. Step 4: Reading and Listening. The final step is perhaps the most difficult and rewarding. In this step, you wil
37、l begin to work on your reading level and listening comprehension. This is time-consuming at first, but progresses the level of understanding quickly. Search online for short stories, children“s stories, or novels in the language you are learning. Work at deciphering these. Transcribing them into yo
38、ur language is the best way to learn quickly. A dictionary will be needed for a while, but will help you expand your vocabulary quickly. At the same time, you need to learn the listening comprehension and casual pronunciation. This can also be done online, and this is where an mp3 player or iPod wil
39、l come in handy. Download podcasts in that language, download movies and television shows in that language, and watch online videos in that language. Most DVDs have multiple languages, also. Try to write down what they are saving. This will force you to pay attention. After a month of listening, you
40、 should be able to discern the words easier. Practice pronouncing words like natives. That“s it! After going through each step, simply continue to write novels in that language, and to watch movies in that language, and try to set up video pen pals to speak in that language. With enough practice, I
41、am sure you will be able to speak the language on a higher level in 6 months than you could with 3 years of formal classes. 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：one hour）解析： one hour解析 本题考查讲座所介绍的方法需要保持每天学习多少个小时。这里可从原文的 one hour minimum of studying 直接获得答案。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：an Internet connectio）解析： an Internet connection解析 演讲
42、人介绍很好的学习方法，需要有笔记本、网络连接以及 MP3播放器或是 iPod，因此本题答案为 an Internet connection。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：ot be reversed/be followed (strictly)）解析： not be reversed/be followed (strictly)解析 讲座介绍了学习语言的四个步骤。这四个步骤必须按顺序进行，因为这个顺序最适合大脑学习。此题有两种填法：一是从正面去填，be followed (strictly)；二是从反面去填，not be reversed。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：meaning）解析：
43、meaning解析 本题考查考生综合理解信息的能力。根据讲座，大脑最想做的就是知道它所见词汇的读音。演讲人接着用自问自答的形式说明：当我们看见单词时，我们先想到的是单词的读音而不是语义。因此这里填 meaning。听录音时关键在于听懂信息，而不是听一个一个的单词。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Google search）解析： Google search解析 在介绍字母和发音的学习时，讲座提到要想学字母的正确发音方式，可以用 Google 搜索相关的音频文件，这里可以填 Google search。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：uances/subtle difierences）解析： nua
44、nces/subtle difierences解析 讲座中提到，听音频时最好带上耳机，这样便能听出发音的细微差别。这里可以按原文填 nuances，如果考生不会拼这个词语，也可以用其同义词组 subtle differences。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：familiarize）解析： familiarize解析 讲座提到要反复听字母发音的音频，直到把所有的字母发音都记住为止，理想情况下这个阶段应该不会超过 1 周时间。结合录音信息和题目处给出的结构(oneseff with sth.)，空格处可填 familiarize。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：basic (communicati
45、on) words/most common words）解析： basic (communication) words/most common words解析 词汇是学习语言的第二大步骤。讲座中演讲人用儿童的例子说到一些基本的交流词汇，并且后文也提及要学习日常用语。考生要善于根据这两方面信息归纳出“基本交际词汇”或“最普遍词汇”。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：thoroughly）解析： thoroughly解析 讲座提到每种语言都有约 2000 个最基础、最常用的日常交流词汇，学习者需要彻底记住这些词，做到不论何时何地只要见到就能不假思索地说出这些词，故本题填 thoroughly。 填空项
46、 1:_ （正确答案：one month）解析： one month解析 本题考查需要花多长时间坚持每天学 50 至 100 个单词。讲座很清晰地提到大概需要用一个月的时间。因此这里填 one month。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：manual or lessons）解析： manual or lessons解析 在学习语法的阶段，讲座建议上网搜索语法指南或者语法系列的课程，因此本题答案为 manual or lessons。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：word order）解析： word order解析 基础语法知识的学习包括三方面的内容，即词语搭配、词序和语法规则的特例。题目已给出前后两个内容，
