1、专业八级-270 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Basic Cultural Types As business goes global, businessmen have come to find the people in different cultures act quite differently, and that only when they can deal with cultural issues properly can they expect a business success
2、. It is very important to understand different types of culture in order to success in 1 _. 1. _. Four-factor framework to define and classify national culture. Individualism vs. Collectivism Individualism emphasizes 2 _, 2. _. but collectivism emphasizes sacrificing personal needs. In an individual
3、ist culture, decision making may be quick, but its U3 /U may be slow. 3. _. But the opposite is true in a collectivist culture. BHigh vs. Low Power Distance/B Power distance refers to how people view power and their own role in decision making. In a culture with low power distance, employees will se
4、ek 4 _. 4. _. in making decisions, and will be unwilling in accepting decisions they have made no contribution to. But in a culture with high power distance, employees will U5 /U most decisions made by their boss. 5. _. High vs. Low Avoidance of Uncertainty Avoidance of uncertainty refers to a socie
5、tys ability m tolerate U6 /U. 6. _. In a culture of high uncertainty avoidance people tend to give up individual freedom for U7 /U. 7. _. In a culture of low uncertainty avoidance, people may U8 /U more often. 8. _. BMasculinity vs. Femininity/B This refers to whether a society shows more male or fe
6、male features. Societies with masculine values show much aggressiveness and assertiveness, and value material success. Societies with feminine values emphasize U9 /U, and quality of life. 9. _. In a feminine culture, the pace of business is slow and calm, and depends more on personal relationships.
7、In a masculine culture, business is efficient, and people plan to enjoy U10 /U 10. _. rather than present working day.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)I Questions 1 to 5 are based on a conversation. At the end of the convers
8、ation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the conversation./I（分数：5.00）(1).Why wont Zanele send her children to school?（分数：1.00）A.She thinks that her children can learn more things from her.B.She hates school and thus has a had feeling towards sc
9、hool.C.Her children will only play at school.D.Her children are in bad health.(2).All the followings are the reasons why Zaneles children dont grow properly EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.they dont have enough nutritious foodB.their bones have no time to grow well because of the hard work they doC.their bodies
10、 have worked too hardD.they are always beaten by their mother(3).According to the passage, which word can best describe Zanele?（分数：1.00）A.Carefree.B.Obstinate.C.Easy-going.D.Optimistic.(4).The primary purpose of the visit of Gugu and Zandi to Zanele family is to _.（分数：1.00）A.see her for a while beca
11、use they miss her very, very muchB.visit her because they will have a partyC.have a discussion about how children should be raisedD.bake a cake for Zaneles family party(5).This passage is mainly about _.（分数：1.00）A.how some mothers on the farm worry about the childrens educationB.how some children he
12、lp their mother to do the chores on a farmC.how some thin children are forced to work in the fieldD.how Gugu and Zandi make a visit to their friends family三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：4，分数：5.00)1.I Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer t
13、he question. Now listen to the news./IWho will not attend the summit organized by the ASEAN?（分数：1.00）A.Heads of state.B.Heads of government.C.Representatives of international organizations.D.Peace lovers.2.I Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 1
14、0 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./INorth Koreas decision to resume nuclear disarmament talks _ to its long-standing goal of a nuclear- free Korean Peninsula.（分数：1.00）A.means the United States is not any closerB.does not mean the United States is not any closerC.means the Unit
15、ed States is any closerD.does not mean the United States is any closer3.I Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./IWhich is the most possible reason for such a disaster?（分数：1.00）A.The doors w
16、ere locked.B.A flare fired into the clubs ceiling.C.There was a rock concert.D.People are too crowded.I Questions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).Thy surplus reported by
17、Hong Kong government is _ billion HK dollars above the original estimate.（分数：1.00）A.21.4B.9.4C.12D.7.5(2).Which of the following is NOT tile major source of the surplus?（分数：1.00）A.Profit of the overseas investment.B.Land premiums.C.Salaries tax.D.Stamp duty.四、BPART READING (总题数：2，分数：8.00)BTEXT A/BB
18、E-Mail Madness: Breaking Rules and Loving It/BFor all the cultural upheavals being wrought by new technology, the spread of writing may be one of the biggest. Everybody, it seems, is writing these days.The catalyst is e-mail messages and Web chat. In electronic messages and conversations, millions o
19、f people who thought that after their schooling ended they would never have to worry about a semicolon again are spending time, lots of it, writing.“E-mail is basically a kind of grass-roots rediscovery of writing,“ said Rob Writing, the director of Tank20, which puts fiction on the Web. “People did
20、nt have a rule-based way of thinking about e-mail when they first got it. It was purely utilitarian. The verbal play and inventiveness of spoken conversation was able to jump the barrier into the new medium and get combined with visual things.“The e-mail-chat culture may be ushering in the demise of
21、 the things that sustain it: grammar, syntax, spelling and, eventually, because of the visual, shorthand, hypertextual nature of the medium, possibly even some words. As with any cultural upheaval, the changes are eventually appropriated by the eras artists.A typical e-mail message does away with co
22、mmas and capital letters, and is riddled with misspellings, some of which are deliberate, most probably not. There is a lot of white space Because the return key functions as punctuation. Acronyms and little pictures, called glyphs or emoticons, communicate thoughts and expressions. The freedom impl
23、icit in jettisoning grammatical rules could be what has enabled the e-mail-chat revolution to occur, unlocking the inner writer in everyone. Not having to abide by grammatical rule, as chat room visitors might say, makes them smile.But is writing e-mail and chatting really writing?Some writers who s
24、till believe in the importance of things like etymology and spelling and grammar say more people writing more often can only help the march of literature itself.“Anything that takes away the fear of writing has got to be very healthy,“ said William Zinsser, who teaches writing at the New School Univ
25、ersity in New York. “What has been given back to people by e-mail is really their natural right to talk to someone else on paper without all these inhibitions that the school systems have foisted on them.“The ease of writing on the Internet may also be fostering a legion of would-be writers. Dependi
26、ng on ones point of view, this may or may not be a good thing.Proponents of electronic literature say that in addition to unlocking the writer within, e-mail and chat are fostering a new wave of literacy. As a result, a hew language is developing, and like all Internet phenomena, it is evolving quic
27、kly.But Cynthia Ozick, the essayist, novelist and short-story writer, said that the speed and ease of composing on the computer doesnt help the language change but rather, it stunts it. Writing on the computer, she added, foster prolixity; ease of use deprives the author of much-needed time to ponde
28、r. That disappoints her.“At the start,“ Ozick said, “there was this excitement: were going to enter an age like the new 18th-century epistolary, glorious age. We do have an epistles age-it consists of grunts.“Writing, who puts some of his writings on the Tank20 Web site, said that people should expe
29、ct that writing will evolve. “Many people who are really smart make the mistake of identifying the beauty of language, love of language, history of language with their own beloved style,“ he said. “If theres anything that we learn from the long view of literary history its that styles change.“The ea
30、se and speed and casualness of writing found on the Internet has infected some authors who write work to be published online, including Ozick, who mostly uses pen and paper to write. In 1997, Ozick wrote a diary for the online magazine Slate. For the project, she broke with her handwriting routine a
31、nd used a computer. The diary entries, now archived on the Slate site, www. slate, com, have a conversational quality not often associated with her. Ozick said she didnt notice any difference in tone between her Slate diary and her other work, but conceded, “I was writing for Slate, and you write fo
32、r your audience.“There is a break in the clouds for those who fear the loss of the language, grammar, spelling and with them, compelling prose, even in the e-mail-chat world. It is one of the oldest reasons to write with care; love letters.“In the Elizabethan period, being able to write a poem or a
33、very sophisticated letter was a basic courtship tool,“ Writing said. “The success of your affairs of the heart depended on your ability to write really well The same hold true now.“ He predicted that 10 years from now, the best of these amorous exchanges will be published and enjoyed as literature.O
34、n the Web, of course. (812)（分数：3.00）(1).Which of the following statements may support the claim that e-mail and chat are fostering a new wave of literacy?（分数：1.00）A.Professional writers no longer have to abide by grammatical rules.B.For those people who neither wrote letters nor read books, writing
35、online has become their regular everyday experience.C.Most writers prefer to publish their writings on the Web so as to reach a larger readership.D.Computer literacy is drawing increasing attention from the educators.(2).We can see from Cynthia Ozicks viewpoint that e-mail and chat on the Internet _
36、.（分数：1.00）A.help the development of languageB.will lead to the creation of a new languageC.will help the growth of a new group of writersD.will likely check language change instead of helping its development(3).We get the impression that the writer of this article _.（分数：1.00）A.bitterly criticizes th
37、e writing style of e-mailB.is in favor of the writing style of emailC.does not express explicitly his own attitude towards the writing style of emailD.is strongly against the substandard writing style of e-mailBTEXT B/BThe discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all
38、 geographical adventures, but created what might be called “the heroic age of Antarctic exploration“. By their tremendous heroism, men such as Shckleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a new continent m emerge from the shadows, and yet that heroic age, little more than a century old, is already passing.
39、 Modem science and inventions are revolutionizing the techniques of former explorers, and, although still calling for courage and feats of endurance, future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier d
40、iscoverers found so invaluable.Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America, and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately chartered, and the mapping of the whole of the interior presents a fo
41、rmidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish on the of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known, and almost inexhaustible
42、sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will he defeated by huge batteries of light, and make po
43、ssible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed, for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5,000 miles jou
44、rney.The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem, for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his party were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he records that they sur
45、vived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably, so that, provided that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world, for the intense cold of thous
46、ands of years has sterilized this continent, and rendered it absolutely germfree, with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sicknesses and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation and preserva
47、tion of food supplies, for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic: as the natural storehouse for the whole world.Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent, and
48、what sift fear years was regard as a “dead continent“ now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.(517)（分数：5.00）(1).When did man begin to explore the Antarctic?（分数：1.00）A.About 100 years ago.B.In this century.C.At the beginning of the 19th century.D.In 1798.(2).What must the explorers be, even though they have modem equipment and technique?（分数：1.00）A.Brave and tough.B.Stubborn and arrogant.C.Well-liked and humorous.D.S
