1、专业八级-268 及答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Cross Cultural Business PresentationsWithin the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical to ensuring that interpersonal communication is successful. . Language Be
2、careful when it comes to slang, 1 or phrases Try and keep language simple . Body Language Different perception of body language A. Some cultures will 2 hand gestures and body languages B. Some expect speakers to be less 3 The use of gestures A. Thumb up: different meanings in US and Iran B. 4 a sign
3、 of sincerity vs. an invasion of privacy . Time Some cultures prefer a(n) 5 , timetabled approach e.g. being late is negative Some are more 6 e.g. a start time is only a guide . Emotions Expect certain amount of 7 or scrutiny Never get 8 , show frustration or display anger . Style of Presentation Eu
4、ropeans: prefer information to be presented 9 The US: prefers a much 10 presentation that is bottom-line orientated . 11 Some countries may not have the technical capabilities Some cultures prefer words and personality to a(n) 12 element in presentations . Content Long term orientated cultures: exci
5、ted about 13 and figures Other cultures: focus on 14 , accomplishments and experience . Audience Participation Some cultures are willing to participate in exercises and Q arms at the side of the chair d. Stand up over the phone C. 23 Holding one“s chin or scratching one“s face shows one has 24 Cue t
6、o offer solutions D. Facial expression Smile: feel 25 Frown: 26 or unsure of something Get messages across with right facial expression E. Eye contact Maintaining eye contact: an impression of confidence and 27 Little eye contact: dislike, nervous, shy, or feel 28 to you Non-stop eye contact: stress
7、ful Wearing sunglasses: uncomfortable; attempts to hide one“s 29 30 : easier to be understood; confident （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Differences Between Cultures in Non-verbal Communications. Cultural influence on
8、 nonverbal behaviour Low-context cultures think 31 is more important High-context cultures think 32 . 33 America: women show fear, not anger; men show anger, not fear China a US one may clap when a good point is made and a Saudi one may do nothing at all. Well, we all know that the number of areas w
9、here one could point to intercultural differences in presentations is vast, but for the sake of brevity I just highlighted the areas mentioned above as a way of drawing attention to some of the major ones. I hoped these can act as a foundation to improving one“s insight into the way intercultural di
10、fferences manifest in the business environment. 解析 虽然跨文化演说中所用的语言大部分都能被观众所理解，但是发言人在俚语、习语和词组等措辞方面还是要多加小心。题目缺少的是 idioms。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：appreciate）解析： appreciate解析 讲座在讲肢体语言方面的注意事项时提到，有些文化会欣赏发言人在演讲时做的手势和肢体语言，这里可以直接填入录音原词 appreciate。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：animated/emotional）解析： animated/emotional解析 本题考查考生归纳与转换信息的
11、能力。原文用肯定的句式讲述有些文化希望发言人保持平静。题目中的 less 提示此处应填 calm 的反面意思，结合上文可知这里填animated 或 emotional。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Eye contact）解析： Eye contact解析 眼神交流是肢体语言的一部分，不同的文化对眼神交流有不同的看法。有些文化认为强烈的眼神代表着真诚，有些文化则认为这是对隐私的侵犯。这里应填 Eye contact。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：structured）解析： structured解析 对于时间的看法，不同的文化也不一样，有些文化在进行商业交往时，更注重按时间表的秩序，井井有条
12、地进行工作。这里填入 timetabled 的并列词汇 structured。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：casual）解析： casual解析 这里讲的是不同文化的时间观念差异：有些文化更喜欢计划好的既定的时间安排；而有些文化的时间观念却相对更加随意，此空可直接填入录音原词 casual。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：cross examinatio）解析： cross examination解析 此空后面的 or 提示空格处的内容应与其后面的 scrutiny 意思相近。讲座提到有些文化可能比较较真，也许会反诘发言人，故这里填入 cross examination。 填空项 1:_ （正
13、确答案：impatient）解析： impatient解析 演讲人在发表演讲时，一定不能失去耐心，不要表露出沮丧或生气的表情。本题需将原文 lose patience 转化为形容词否定形式 impatient。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：in detail）解析： in detail解析 在演讲风格上，欧洲人喜欢比较详细的演讲信息，并且以其为最后的论点和观点做支撑基础。故本题答案为 in detail。若笔记中未能记录此信息，也可以通过上下文推测出答案。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：faster paced）解析： faster paced解析 美国人与欧洲人相反，他们更喜欢快节奏(fast
14、er paced)的演讲风格，关注基本的东西，这意味着发言人要先立论再阐述，而不是先阐述再立论。正反面论述常是出题点，做笔记时要多留意。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Use of Technology）解析： Use of Technology解析 讲座讲述的第六点是关于技术运用方面的注意事项，所以这里填 Use of Technology。注意所有实词的首字母要大写。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：visual）解析： visual解析 在科技手段的使用上，有些文化不喜欢使用视觉辅助工具，他们认为口头表述和个人魅力更能说明问题。转折词 but 前后内容是常考点之一。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案
15、：future projections / outlook）解析： future projections / outlook解析 注重长远目标的文化更关注发言人对未来的展望及各种数据，而有些文化则关注发言人的学历证书、成就以及经验。本题答案为 future projections 或outlook。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：credentials）解析： credentials解析 本题是关于演讲内容方面的注意事项，讲座先阐述了注重长远目标的文化对演讲内容的偏好，接着用 but 带出其他文化的情况他们更关注发言人的证书、成绩以及经验，所以这里填 credentials。 填空项 1:_ （
16、正确答案：clap(hands)）解析： clap(hands)解析 讲座罗列了三个国家的人听演讲时的不同表现。记笔记时最好竖着分行记录每个国家的情况。根据讲座，美国人听到好的观点时会拍手。 Body Language in Business. Importance of Body Language Give others a(n) 16 Show our 17 Find out what others really mean . Five Types of Body Languages Explained A. Posture Natural alignment of head and bo
17、dy Showing how one will 18 a situation a. Posture of shoulders, arms, head and fists when standing shows whether you“re ready for or 19 a task. b. Feet show whether your are extrovert or not B. Space Taking up more space looks more 20 a. Standing sitting b. Moving around: others might feel 21 c. Sit
18、ting: 22 ; arms at the side of the chair d. Stand up over the phone C. 23 Holding one“s chin or scratching one“s face shows one has 24 Cue to offer solutions D. Facial expression Smile: feel 25 Frown: 26 or unsure of something Get messages across with right facial expression E. Eye contact Maintaini
19、ng eye contact: an impression of confidence and 27 Little eye contact: dislike, nervous, shy, or feel 28 to you Non-stop eye contact: stressful Wearing sunglasses: uncomfortable; attempts to hide one“s 29 30 : easier to be understood; confident （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：impression/impression of oursel
20、ves）解析： impression/impression of ourselves 听力原文 Body Language in BusinessGood morning, everyone. Today, we are going to talk about body language and its importance in business. As we all know, body language accounts for over 90% of a conversation! Body language can be used to help conduct an intervi
21、ew, give a presentation or make that important sale: a conversation stretches so much further than speech. Body language is the reason why selling face-to-face has a huge advantage over selling by phone. Usually when we communicate with or see people, we only respond to what is being said, heard or
22、generally seen. There is so much more involved and most of us do not pick up on it: it“s our body language and it can express a thousand words. Our body language will give others an impression of ourselves or show our emotions. You“re probably using it right now to listen to this lecture. Our body l
23、anguage is an important aspect of running a successful business as we cannot always say what we really feel. This means we have to act positively in negative situations. You can also identify other people“s body language and know what they really mean: whatever they may be saying. First of all, post
24、ure. You may immediately think of this as standing tall and up right as much as possible. In fact, it is the natural alignment of your head and body without the use of tension and “locking“. Everyone has a different posture and it usually develops through habit over the years. This may be slumping y
25、our shoulders forward or hanging your head: anything that has come to feel natural. Your posture may show how you will approach a situation. For example, if you stand with your shoulders hanging, arms folded, and leaning to one side, it will look as if you aren“t ready for or interested in the task
26、in question. Should you stand with strong shoulders, head up, arms out by the side and closed fists, you will look as if you are ready for anything no matter how much stress is involved. Looking at a person“s feet when they are sitting down will tell you who is an extrovert and who is an introvert.
27、Extroverttoes pointing out, introverttoes pointing in. Secondly, the space around you. Those who stand always look more powerful than those people who are sitting down. This is because they are taking up more space. So if you feel comfortable standing, use it to look as though you have a higher stat
28、us then those around you. When you move around, the more space you take up can make others seem threatened by your presence. This is because those around you may feel that their presence in the area is less significant. In such case, they may move around using as little space as possible. If you are
29、 sitting, you can still give an image of power. If standing isn“t appropriate, use more space by stretching your legs out or by having your arms at the side of the chair. When you are on the phone and you need to be assertive, standing up will project your urgency. Thirdly, hand-to-face movements. L
30、ook out for customers that use hand-to-face movements such as holding their chin or scratching their face. This can usually show that they are thinking of malting a purchase but they have concerns, for example, “can I afford it“ or “what if I pick the wrong size“, etc. This may be a cue for you to m
31、ove in before they leave and inform them that they can “buy on credit if preferred“ or that they can “exchange the product if it is not suitable“, etc. It is a fact that many customers do not ask to solve their queries and therefore leave if they are unsure. This is why it is important to recognise
32、this common form of body language. Now, about facial expression. A simple smile can make others feel more at ease while a frown can make people see that you are aggressive or unsure of something. We use facial expressions to get our points across in the right context. For example, your message would
33、 suffer if you were saying how angry you are with a huge smile. Next, eye contact. When someone talks to you, do they look directly at you or look away? Maintaining eye contact when talking or listening to someone gives an impression that you or they are confident and honest. Making little eye conta
34、ct can say that the other person doesn“t like you, is nervous or shy, or perhaps believe that they are higher instatus and think that eye contact isn“t necessary. Also, look out for it ff you believe that someone isn“t being truthful, as most people can“t keep eye contact when they are bending the t
35、ruth. However, someone looking at you nonstop is stressful and in these situations you should throw your hands around a bit more or point to brochures and objects to distract them. If talking to people outdoors, avoid wearing sunglasses as this can be very uncomfortable for the other person and can
36、give an image of trying to hide your identity. In addition, try to blink less as this can make it difficult for the other person to understand you. Blinking less also gives an image of confidence. OK. That“s pretty much what I want to say. Let me finally remind you that body language comes in many f
37、orms, as you have seen above. Different people have their own ability to recognize body language and they will recognize it with different meanings to other people. You can always use body language to make you appear more confident, powerful and trusting. All right, you may video yourself tonight an
38、d check for clues of positive body language. Next time, we shall talk about gender differences in body language. 解析 讲座在讲身体语言的重要性时，首先说到的是身体语言之所以重要，是因为它会给别人留下印象，因此本题可以填 impression 或 impression of ourselves。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：emotions）解析： emotions解析 本题仍是考查身体语言的重要性。讲座中提到我们的身体语言会给别人留下印象或者会流露出我们的情感。因此这里填 emot
39、ions。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：approach）解析： approach解析 本题考查考生捕捉细节信息的能力。讲座提到，我们可以通过姿势看出人们如何处理各种情况(show how you will approach a situation)。紧接着便举例子加以说明。根据题目后面的例子可推出此空格应填入 approach。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：interested i）解析： interested in解析 本题考查姿势所能传递的信息。讲座中提到我们的肩膀、手臂、头部和拳头都会反映出我们是否对某一事项做好准备或是否感兴趣。这里要注意介词 in 不能漏掉。 填空项 1:_ （正确
40、答案：powerful）解析： powerful解析 本题考查考生综合理解信息的能力。讲座用例子说明站着比坐着显得更强势，因为站着会占有更多的空间。换言之，我们占有更多的空间会显得更强势。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：threatened/less significant）解析： threatened/less significant解析 讲座中提到，当来回走动时，我们占有了更多的空间，其他人会觉得有压迫感，认为自己的在场是次要的。故填 threatened 或 less significant。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：stretching legs）解析： stretching leg
41、s解析 关于身体语言的第二点建议是，尽量多占一些“自己周围的空间”。其中提到，当不适宜站起来时(即当坐着的时候)，可以通过伸展双腿或把双手放在椅子两边来占据更多的空间，故此空填 stretching legs。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Hand-to-face movements）解析： Hand-to-face movements解析 关于身体语言的第三点建议是，关注“手在脸部上的动作”。所以本题答案是 Hand-to-face movements。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：concerns）解析： concerns解析 根据讲座，撑着下巴或抓脸通常表示顾客想买东西但是又有所顾虑。因
42、此这里填concerns。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：at ease）解析： at ease解析 讲座提到，一个简单的微笑能使对方感觉更轻松自在，因此本空填入 at ease。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：aggressive）解析： aggressive解析 本题考查皱眉头会给人留下什么印象。讲座中提到，皱眉头会使人觉得你有攻击性或对某事不确定。因此答案为 aggressive。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：honesty）解析： honesty解析 讲座中提到，我们说话或听别人说话的时候，如果保持眼神接触会显得自信和诚实。考生须注意这里要转换词性，将 honest 改写为 honesty
43、。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：superior）解析： superior解析 本题考查考生的转换能力。眼神接触不多表示对方不喜欢你或者对方很紧张、害羞；或者对方觉得地位比你高，认为没有必要与你眼神接触。题目中的 to 提示考生需填入能概括 higher in status 的词汇，因此答案为 superior。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：identity）解析： identity解析 本题考查戴墨镜给人留下什么印象。讲座中提到，戴墨镜会让对方不舒服，觉得你企图隐藏身份。因此这里填 identity。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Blinking less）解析： Blinking less
44、解析 关于眼神接触方面的建议，讲座中提到，眨眼会妨碍别人理解你所表达的内容，而少眨眼却能给别人留下自信的印象，因此本题答案为 Blinking less。 Differences Between Cultures in Non-verbal Communications. Cultural influence on nonverbal behaviour Low-context cultures think 31 is more important High-context cultures think 32 . 33 America: women show fear, not anger;
45、men show anger, not fear China its importance is multiplied across cultures. This is because we tend to look for nonverbal cues when verbal messages are unclear or ambiguous, as they are more likely to be across cultures, especially when different languages are being used. Since nonverbal behavior a
46、rises from our cultural common senseour ideas of what is appropriate, normal, and effective as communication in relationshipswe use different systems of understanding gestures, posture, silence, spacial relations, emotional expression, touch, physical appearance, and other nonverbal cues. Cultures also attribute different degrees of importance to verbal and nonverbal behavior. Low-context cultures like the United States and Canada tend to give relatively less emphasis to nonverbal communication. This does not mean that nonverbal communication does not ha
