1、专业八级-263 及答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Differences Between Chinese Cultures and American Cultures. General differences A. History China: a traditional centuries-old country America: a(n) 1 nation B. Cultural identity China: long endured traditions and customs Americ
2、a: a melting pot of cultures . Specific differences A. 2 China: formal and hierarchical America: loose and 3 B. Confrontation/Conflict China: avoid direct conflict or confrontation 4 and honour to a person are prioritised C. Self China: value 5 e.g. willing to 6 for greater good America: look more a
3、t individualism D. 7 and Reputation China: avoid 8 e.g. sacrifice the job to heal the shame America: getting the job done is more important than reputation E. Business Relations China: 9 comes ahead of business America: business is more important F. Morals China: place high value on morals late marr
4、iage is encouraged 10 is discouraged in early adolescence proprieties are expected to be held up America: more 11 G. Humility China: humility is considered a(n) 12 America: successes are lauded; humility is a(n) 13 H. Time Sensitivity China: view time as a(n) 14 not an absolute America: very time se
5、nsitive in meetings and 15 （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Intercultural Communication Problems and Solutions. Intercultural Communication Problems A. Stereotyping Definition: a selection process to 16 perceptions of
6、others Examples: a) “Women are emotional.“ b) “ 17 “ etc. B. Prejudices Definition: 18 toward others based on wrong stereotypes Examples: We feel disapproving of certain people C. Discrimination Definition: related to 19 aspect Example: discrimination against women in women attorneys . Intercultural
7、 Communication Solutions This will help us find 20 solutions to problems Example of a student in a German university a) She complained that the German students 21 b) I asked her to play the scene c) It turned out that German students had not seen her d) Her perception was only her 22 B. Looking for
8、Evidence Evidences derived from the wounds or fears in 23 Example of the student a) She felt 24 because her sister was prettier b) She usually 25 the shoes of a 5-year-old girl C. Observing the Reaction Tendency to 26 others Vicious circle of feeling rejected and rejecting others D. Perception of Ot
9、hers Put ourselves into others“ shoes E. 27 Control our perception a) Be aware of our 28 b) Gathering or using 29 information （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Cross-Cultural Communication Tips for Americans. Why Americ
10、ans need cross-cultural tips? a) Not a “melting pot“ but a(n) “ 31 “ b) Different cultural identities in the mixed crowd . General advice for cross-cultural communication (CCC) a) Do not base actions on 32 b) Watch for the other 33 c) Expect 34 d) Don“t feel 35 because of the mistakes . Three key ti
11、ps for CCC a) Keep the conversation 36 Asking friendly questions can make people 37 b) Don“t assume where someone is from by his/her 38 Someone with a British accent might come from a dozen of countries c) Respond to a personal question by avoiding it with 39 If you“re pressed for specifics, simply
12、40 it. . A(n) 41 Jeff“s mistakes a) He addressed Lora by her first name without 42 b) He forced Lora into an uncomfortable 43 c) He assumed Lora was from 44 or Mexico d) He made himself a fool by assuming that Lora didn“t know some people think bullfighting is cruel Lora had never been to 45 （分数：40.
13、05）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_专业八级-263 答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Differences Between Chinese Cultures and American Cultures. General differences A. History China: a traditional centuries-old c
14、ountry America: a(n) 1 nation B. Cultural identity China: long endured traditions and customs America: a melting pot of cultures . Specific differences A. 2 China: formal and hierarchical America: loose and 3 B. Confrontation/Conflict China: avoid direct conflict or confrontation 4 and honour to a p
15、erson are prioritised C. Self China: value 5 e.g. willing to 6 for greater good America: look more at individualism D. 7 and Reputation China: avoid 8 e.g. sacrifice the job to heal the shame America: getting the job done is more important than reputation E. Business Relations China: 9 comes ahead o
16、f business America: business is more important F. Morals China: place high value on morals late marriage is encouraged 10 is discouraged in early adolescence proprieties are expected to be held up America: more 11 G. Humility China: humility is considered a(n) 12 America: successes are lauded; humil
17、ity is a(n) 13 H. Time Sensitivity China: view time as a(n) 14 not an absolute America: very time sensitive in meetings and 15 （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：young/baby）解析： young/baby 听力原文 Differences Between Chinese Cultures and American CulturesGood morning, everyone. Today we are going to talk about the
18、 major differences between Chinese cultures and American cultures. China is one of those interesting cultures mainly because what we usually know about the country is through movies or local Chinese restaurants. What I“ve learned over the years is that this kind of knowledge is usually useless. So,
19、being an American what do I see as the 8 biggest cultural differences between the two countries? Before I actually dive into the differences, I just want you to know that these differences do not make either culture better or worse than the other one. It just shows their differences which have been
20、created through centuries of history and development. China can trace their traditions and customs for thousands of years. America is still a small baby of a nation that has had very few traditions of its own but has become such a melting pot of cultures that there is almost no specific American cul
21、ture that can be said to be applied across the board. This makes both cultures unique and worthy of study and respect. With this in mind, let“s begin with the 8 biggest differences. 1. Social Structure. In China the social structure is formal and hierarchical. You know where you fit in the structure
22、 and you abide by the rules there. There is no crossing into other areas. In America, it is much more loose and informal. It is not uncommon to see those of various social levels socializing and knowing each other. There are very few lines that socially are not allowed to be crossed. This can cause
23、problems in business relationships if the visiting culture is unaware of it. 2. Confrontation/Conflict. If you are planning on conducting business in China or expecting an extended stay, it might be useful to know that the direct way that most Americans approach issues is not the way to go in China.
24、 Direct conflict or confrontation over issues is highly frowned upon. Doesn“t matter that the “truth“ needs to be spoken, respect and honour to each person replace that. To prove a point and show yourself in the right even over business issues is considered shameful and should be avoided. 3. Self. T
25、he Chinese looks more at the group collectivism than at individualism. America has become known for its push of individualism which has been a source of conflict with other cultures that look collectively. A person from China is more prone to look at how their acts affect the whole instead of how it
26、 affects them personally. They are more willing to give up and sacrifice for the greater good. America“s individualism has been its backbone and the reason for its success as a world power, but when visiting China it needs to be reined in. 4. Face and Reputation. Reputation of the individual is very
27、 important in China. If an action will humiliate someone or ruin a reputation, it is avoided. When shame occurs, the person sacrifices his job or whatever it is that will heal the shame. In America, reputations come and go overnight and in the end usually does not matter. The end result is more of t
28、he focus. A person is more likely to overlook a reputation to get the job done. 5. Business Relations. When doing business in China, be prepared for much socializing. Business becomes secondary as the parties get to know each better. If it delays a contract, that is perfectly acceptable as long as t
29、he correct social time is allotted for. In America, business associates are usually more aloof. There might be some social gathering but the business is more important and the socializing will be sacrificed to get the job done if needed. Though there seems to be shift in America regarding this. The
30、recognition of networking is becoming more pronounced. 6. Morals. Chinese society places high values on the morals of their people. Marriage is not encouraged until the late twenties. In fact, dating is discouraged early in a young adult“s life and proprieties are expected to be held up. The America
31、n culture is much more relaxed and some could even argue that there needs to be more morality emphasized. 7. Humility. Humility is a revered virtue in Chinese culture. The success of one“s business or personal life is downplayed while in America the successes are lauded. Most Americans in the fast b
32、usiness world consider humility as a sign of weakness. This can be an issue that hurts inter-cultural relations. Be very sensitive to comments and actions in the presence of another culture. 8. Time Sensitivity. Crossing cultures for business can be frustrating when it interferes with getting the jo
33、b done. Most Americans are very time sensitive when it comes to meetings and deadlines. If the meeting was to commence at 2:00, then all parties are to be present at that time. The Chinese do not view time as an absolute but more as a suggestion. Concern is not expressed for a meeting starting late
34、or ending at a different time. The same can be applied to deadlines. If a report is due on Friday, an American would be waiting for that report to be received before end of business day. The Chinese would not worry if it showed up several days later. Ok, today, we“ve taken a brief look at the 8 majo
35、r differences between the Chinese cultures and the American cultures, which are permeated in the socio-economical aspects of the life. In the next lecture, we will do a case study on the cultural shock experienced by an American in China. 解析 本题考查美国与中国的历史差异性。原文把美国比喻成 a small baby，表明美国是一个年轻的国家，故填入 you
36、ng 或 baby 均可。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Social Structure）解析： Social Structure解析 本题考查讲座的第一个要点内容。录音提到，中国文化和美国文化的第一个不同点就是社会结构。因此本题填入 Social Structure。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：informal）解析： informal解析 本题考查美国与中国在社会结构上的差别。原文提到中国的社会结构正式且等级制度明显，美国则宽松而不拘礼节(loose and informal)。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：respect）解析： respect解析 原文提到 respect and h
37、onour to each person replace that，题目中的prioritised 是 replace that 的同义转换，故此空填 respect。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：(group) collectivism）解析： (group) collectivism解析 录音提到第三个要点个体时说到，在集体主义和个人主义两者中，中国人更偏向于集体主义，而美国人则偏向个人主义。因此本题填入 group collectivism 或collectivism 均可。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：sacrifice/give up）解析： sacrifice/give up解析
38、本题涉及集体主义的具体表现。原文提到，中国人更倾向于为集体利益而牺牲个人利益。由于每空最多填三个单词，因此填入 give up 或 sacrifice 其一即可。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Face）解析： Face解析 本题考查第四点差异的关键词。考生做笔记时需把每个不同点及其分内容分别记清楚。本题可直接从原文获得答案 Face。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：humiliating actions）解析： humiliating actions解析 录音提到，中国人很看重个人的名誉。羞辱或践踏他人名誉的行为是要避免的。根据提纲的 avoid，本题应填入 humiliating action
39、s。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：socializing）解析： socializing解析 本题考查考生的理解与转换能力。原文提到，在中国做生意，要做好应付很多社交活动的心理准备；当双方开始互相认识时，会把谈生意放在第二位。原文 as the parties get to know each other 就是 socializing 的同义转换。因此，考生应学会归纳总结，对关键词进行概括转换。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：dating）解析： dating解析 本题要求填写中国对道德约束的三个表现之一。原文提到，在青少年时期约会（dating）是不被鼓励的。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：re
40、laxed）解析： relaxed解析 本题要求填写美国对道德的要求。原文提到美国文化更为放松，故填 relaxed 即可。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：revered virtue/virtue）解析： revered virtue/virtue解析 本题要求填写中国人是怎样看待谦虚的。原文该点第一句就提到Humility is a revered virtue in Chinese culture。故填(revered virtue)。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：sign of weakness）解析： sign of weakness解析 本题考查考生对细节信息的把握。录音提到，相比起
41、中国人看待谦逊是一种美德，在这个节奏快速的商业界里大部分的美国人把谦逊看作是一种软弱的表现。故本题填入 sign of weakness。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：suggestio）解析： suggestion解析 本题要求填写中国人对时间的态度。由 The Chinese do not view time as an absolute but more as a suggestion 可得出答案。not.but.句式往往是重要考点，考生应注意做好笔记。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：deadlines）解析： deadlines解析 本题考查考生对综合信息的把握能力。录音提到，当提到会议
42、和截止时间时，大多数美国人对时间是非常敏感的。结合提纲内容，本题填入 deadlines。 Intercultural Communication Problems and Solutions. Intercultural Communication Problems A. Stereotyping Definition: a selection process to 16 perceptions of others Examples: a) “Women are emotional.“ b) “ 17 “ etc. B. Prejudices Definition: 18 toward ot
43、hers based on wrong stereotypes Examples: We feel disapproving of certain people C. Discrimination Definition: related to 19 aspect Example: discrimination against women in women attorneys . Intercultural Communication Solutions This will help us find 20 solutions to problems Example of a student in
44、 a German university a) She complained that the German students 21 b) I asked her to play the scene c) It turned out that German students had not seen her d) Her perception was only her 22 B. Looking for Evidence Evidences derived from the wounds or fears in 23 Example of the student a) She felt 24
45、because her sister was prettier b) She usually 25 the shoes of a 5-year-old girl C. Observing the Reaction Tendency to 26 others Vicious circle of feeling rejected and rejecting others D. Perception of Others Put ourselves into others“ shoes E. 27 Control our perception a) Be aware of our 28 b) Gathering or using 29 information （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：organise/organize and simplify）解析： organise/organize and simplify 听力原文 Intercultural Communication Problems and SolutionsGood morning, everyone. Today we will look at the intercultural communication problems and solutions. Gener
