1、中石化高级任职资格油气工程英语真题 2008 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、阅读理解（阅读短文，用英语简要回答问题，(总题数：2，分数：25.00)短文 1（12.5 分） Much of any managers times is taken up with meetings. There are meetings with colleagues to agree a course of action. There are meetings with superiors to report and to discuss future policies. The
2、re are meetings with subordinates. Many would say that there are far too many meetings: some would be even less polite. There can be no doubt that meetings are part of every managers life. He should know how to cope with them. He should know the techniques of communication in meetings. He should kno
3、w how to use these techniques to his own advantages. It is sometimes suggested that when a manager cant think what to do, he hold a meeting. But meetings in themselves are not an end product, no matter what some may think. They are merely one of many means of management communication. It may well be
4、 that a problem can be solved by a one-to-one discussion, or even by telephone. If the need can be met without a meeting, so be it. Let us therefore define a meeting, in the management sense, as the gathering together of a group of people for a controlled discussion, with a specific purpose. Each of
5、 those attending the meeting has a need to be there and both discussion and its result could not be so well achieved in any other way. It is often advisable to calculate the cost of a meeting. Do not have unnecessary people sitting in at meetings and do ensure that all meetings are both efficient an
6、d effective. （分数：12.50）(1).What is a meeting intended to be according to the passage? （分数：2.50）(2).What is the main idea of the first paragraph? （分数：2.50）(3).What should a manager know in meetings? （分数：2.50）(4).When does a manager often hold a meeting? （分数：2.50）(5).What is implied in the last few in
7、stances? （分数：2.50）短文 2（12.5 分） The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to peoples desire for better fuel
8、 economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that t
9、here were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumers real
10、 concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consum
11、ers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising. Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but
12、it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision. （分数：12.50）(1).What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs? （分数：2.50）(2).What does the word “economy” in the first paragraph mean? （分数：2.50）(3).Why was it said in the second paragraph that the bread ad
13、vertised was misleading? （分数：2.50）(4).Explain the reason why fire insurance mentioned above is the positive advertising? （分数：2.50）(5).According to the lecture what you should do when advertising is intended to appeal to you? （分数：2.50）二、英译汉（将下列短文译成汉语，共 45 分）(总题数：2，分数：45.00)1.短文 1（20 分） With the econo
14、mic development and the increase of the population, we are faced with the lack of water supply. From a recent survey, it can be seen that the consumption of water all over the world has been remarkably raised compared with that of last year. Statistics also show that a lot of water resources such as
15、 lakes, rivers and oceans have been polluted seriously. As a result, there is less and less space for people to obtain enough healthy water. So it is high time for us to find a solution to the problem. There are two main ways to solve the problem. First, with the development of high technology new r
16、esources may be found and the present ones can be preserved effectively. Second, measures should be taken to restrain the increase of water consumption. For example, we can advocate the recycling of water in industry. Being one of those whose life has been threatened by the crisis, I would like to d
17、o something helpful, such as not wasting water in daily life and spreading the idea of protecting environment. As long as we take it seriously, we will definitely overcome this difficulty. （分数：20.00）短文 2（25 分，A、B 两篇，只翻译一篇，任选其一） （分数：25.00）(1).A The first step in exploration is to select an isolate ar
18、ea to study. The selection is usually based on a very general analysis of geologic data. When a study area has been reduced to a manageable size, it is called a prospective area, or prospect. Once a prospect is located, some means of evaluating its potential value is needed to determine if a well sh
19、ould be drilled. If a company decides to drill the well, it must determine exactly where the best drilling site would be. The earliest site selection method was probably based on petroleum seeps. It was logical to assume that if one saw oil seeping at the surface, oil was probably located directly b
20、elow. Undoubtedly, most of the earlier discovered deposits were located by this type of surface investigation. When all possible sites that could be picked in this manner were exhausted, new selection methods were necessary. Another site selection technique was surface geology. This method involved
21、visually examining the general lay of the land, looking for unusual surface features such as large mounds or faults that might reflect similar subsurface features. This is a completely valid technique for locating geologic anomalies, or unusual features, that are relatively close to the earths surfa
22、ce. A surface anomaly implies that a shallow subsurface anomaly also exists. If a petroleum seep happened to be in the area, the site was considered extremely promising. （分数：12.50）(2).B There is little doubt in the minds of most petroleum geologists, from the evidence of association, that petroleum
23、originates from organic matter of both plant and animal origin that accumulates in fine-grained sediment under quiet conditions relatively deficient in oxygen. These ideas receives firmer support from geochemical studies of sedimentary organic matter, indicating that petroleum is generated during bu
24、rial of the sediment, primarily under the influences of heat and time, and that it is expelled from the source rocks during compaction. Crude oils are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons. In the present context it is interesting to note that there is as much variation between crude
25、 oils of the same ageor, more precisely, crude oils in rocks of the same ageas between crude oils of different ages. Since there has been a continually changing pattern of life over the last 600 millions years or so, the general similarities of crude oils suggest that they are generated from the fun
26、damental biochemical components of organisms. Geochemical evidence suggests that conditions favorable for significant generation of petroleum do not normally occur above depths of about 1500 meters below the surface. There is some geological evidence, based on oil occurrence and inferred source rock
27、s, suggesting a shallower “threshold” of about 600 meters. （分数：12.50）三、汉译英（将下列句子、段落译成英语，共 30(总题数：3，分数：30.00)句子翻译（10 分） （分数：10.00）(1).网络确实有问题，但情况却决非像媒体说的那么糟。 （分数：2.50）(2).新技术史无前例地把世界连在了一起，我们的地球变小了。 （分数：2.50）(3). 这种人与自然的巧妙和谐，多少能够说明这个国家的几分魅力。 （分数：2.50）(4).世界上所有物质都呈现三种不同的状态中的一种，即固态、液态和气态。 （分数：2.50）2.段落翻
28、译（10 分） 目前很难预料世界未来石油需求趋势。普遍的观点是美国石油进口增长速度缓慢，欧洲石油进口几乎保持不变，而亚洲石油需求增长势头强劲，尤其是中国和韩国，但日本除外。 （分数：10.00）段落翻译（10 分，A、B 两段，只翻译一段，任选其一） （分数：10.00）(1).A 在油藏压力衰减以后实施二次采油方案，则需要对油田情况继续进行观测，油田生产在稳定一个时期后，会再次出现衰减趋势。根据这种衰减趋势推断油田最低的经济开发水平。 （分数：5.00）(2).B 通常可以把钻井分为两大类型：探井和开发井。探井主要的目的是为了确定地下的岩石里是否有油或气存在。开发井是探井已探明在地层内有石油
29、存在后才钻的井。 （分数：5.00）中石化高级任职资格油气工程英语真题 2008 年答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、阅读理解（阅读短文，用英语简要回答问题，(总题数：2，分数：25.00)短文 1（12.5 分） Much of any managers times is taken up with meetings. There are meetings with colleagues to agree a course of action. There are meetings with superiors to report and to discuss fut
30、ure policies. There are meetings with subordinates. Many would say that there are far too many meetings: some would be even less polite. There can be no doubt that meetings are part of every managers life. He should know how to cope with them. He should know the techniques of communication in meetin
31、gs. He should know how to use these techniques to his own advantages. It is sometimes suggested that when a manager cant think what to do, he hold a meeting. But meetings in themselves are not an end product, no matter what some may think. They are merely one of many means of management communicatio
32、n. It may well be that a problem can be solved by a one-to-one discussion, or even by telephone. If the need can be met without a meeting, so be it. Let us therefore define a meeting, in the management sense, as the gathering together of a group of people for a controlled discussion, with a specific
33、 purpose. Each of those attending the meeting has a need to be there and both discussion and its result could not be so well achieved in any other way. It is often advisable to calculate the cost of a meeting. Do not have unnecessary people sitting in at meetings and do ensure that all meetings are
34、both efficient and effective. （分数：12.50）(1).What is a meeting intended to be according to the passage? （分数：2.50）解析：(2).What is the main idea of the first paragraph? （分数：2.50）解析：(3).What should a manager know in meetings? （分数：2.50）解析：(4).When does a manager often hold a meeting? （分数：2.50）解析：(5).What
35、is implied in the last few instances? （分数：2.50）解析：短文 2（12.5 分） The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed t
36、o peoples desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to
37、 dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. On the positive side, emotional appeals
38、 may respond to a consumers real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile inves
39、tment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising. Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is inten
40、ded to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision. （分数：12.50）(1).What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs? （分数：2.50）解析：(2).What does the word “economy” in the first paragraph mean? （分数：2.50）解析：(3).Why was it said in
41、the second paragraph that the bread advertised was misleading? （分数：2.50）解析：(4).Explain the reason why fire insurance mentioned above is the positive advertising? （分数：2.50）解析：(5).According to the lecture what you should do when advertising is intended to appeal to you? （分数：2.50）解析：二、英译汉（将下列短文译成汉语，共 4
42、5 分）(总题数：2，分数：45.00)1.短文 1（20 分） With the economic development and the increase of the population, we are faced with the lack of water supply. From a recent survey, it can be seen that the consumption of water all over the world has been remarkably raised compared with that of last year. Statistics
43、also show that a lot of water resources such as lakes, rivers and oceans have been polluted seriously. As a result, there is less and less space for people to obtain enough healthy water. So it is high time for us to find a solution to the problem. There are two main ways to solve the problem. First
44、, with the development of high technology new resources may be found and the present ones can be preserved effectively. Second, measures should be taken to restrain the increase of water consumption. For example, we can advocate the recycling of water in industry. Being one of those whose life has b
45、een threatened by the crisis, I would like to do something helpful, such as not wasting water in daily life and spreading the idea of protecting environment. As long as we take it seriously, we will definitely overcome this difficulty. （分数：20.00）解析：短文 2（25 分，A、B 两篇，只翻译一篇，任选其一） （分数：25.00）(1).A The fi
46、rst step in exploration is to select an isolate area to study. The selection is usually based on a very general analysis of geologic data. When a study area has been reduced to a manageable size, it is called a prospective area, or prospect. Once a prospect is located, some means of evaluating its p
47、otential value is needed to determine if a well should be drilled. If a company decides to drill the well, it must determine exactly where the best drilling site would be. The earliest site selection method was probably based on petroleum seeps. It was logical to assume that if one saw oil seeping a
48、t the surface, oil was probably located directly below. Undoubtedly, most of the earlier discovered deposits were located by this type of surface investigation. When all possible sites that could be picked in this manner were exhausted, new selection methods were necessary. Another site selection te
49、chnique was surface geology. This method involved visually examining the general lay of the land, looking for unusual surface features such as large mounds or faults that might reflect similar subsurface features. This is a completely valid technique for locating geologic anomalies, or unusual features, that are relatively close to the earths surface. A surface anomaly implies that a shallow subsurface anomaly also exists. If a petroleum seep happened to be in the area, the site was considered extremely promising. （分数：12.50）解析：(2).B There is little doubt in the minds of most pe
