1、专业八级-96 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIComplete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes./IBHow to
2、 Take Notes/BB . Reasons for Note-taking/B- U(1) /U to memory: sorting and recalling the information (1) _-provide U(2) /U for the essay (2) _B . When to Take Notes/BA. Purpose-general survey-detailed studyB. Stages of reading-early stage-later stageB . What and How Much to Note: Three Ways/BA. The
3、writers U(3) /U in the passage (3) _U (4) /U his ideas according to your own interests (4) _ B. The discipline in which you are working-discipline with originalU (5) /Ue.g. History and Literature: (5) _to includeU (6) /Uin your notes (6) _-other discipline: toU (7) /Upassages (7) _C. Your ownU (8) /
4、Uin relation to your essay topic (8) _B . How to Take Notes: Three Principles/BA. U(9) /U (9) _-clear headings-record of the author, title, publication details, etc.B. Flexible system: easy to rearrangeRoom for U(10) /U: wide margins (10) _（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空
5、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)I Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now. listen to the interview./I（分数：5.00）(1).What did Richard consider when choosing his
6、 product?（分数：1.00）A.Whether the suppliers could respond quickly to demand.B.Whether customers would be worried about the price.C.Whether product could be distributed around the world easily.D.Whether the market growth is stable.(2).According to Richard, what has been an important element in Bookstor
7、es success?（分数：1.00）A.Attracting good staff.B.The many new ideas that were generated.C.His knowledge of computer software.D.Raising enough funds.(3).What was Bookstores sales revenue at the end of 1997?（分数：1.00）A.120 million dollars.B.230 million dollars.C.310 million dollars.D.340 million dollars.(
8、4).Why is Bookstores customer service so successful?（分数：1.00）A.The company is able to offer any book title in print.B.The company deals with complaints in a positive way.C.The company gives priority to orders from regular customers.D.The company is able to offer fast delivery.(5).Bookstore can perfo
9、rm better than its competitors because（分数：1.00）A.its distribution network is more efficient.B.it has a wider share of the international market.C.its staff have a personal investment in the company.D.its prices are cheaper.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)I Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following n
10、ews. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The tea industry declined in India due to the following reasons EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.falling demand.B.increasing popularity of soft drinks.C.high production costs.D.l
11、ower wages paid to domestic tea growers.(2).Which of the following words can best describe the prospect of tea industry in India?（分数：1.00）A.Promising.B.Tough.C.UnprediCtable.D.Bright.1.I Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer th
12、e question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.I Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).What is the problem with the space shuttle?（分数：1.00）A.Two of
13、 the ceramic tiles were damaged.B.Some gap fillers popped up.C.The space shuttle was over-heated by high-speed friction with the atmosphere.D.The engine of the space shuttle was out of control.(2).According to the schedule, the space shuttle will return to the earth on.（分数：1.00）A.Monday.B.Tuesday.C.
14、Thursday.D.Friday.四、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BAs a contemporary artist, Jim Dine has often incorporated other peoples photography into his abstract works. But, the 68-year-old American didnt pick up a camera himself and start shooting until he moved to Berlin in 1995-and once he did, he
15、 couldnt stop. The result is a voluminous collection of images, ranging from early-20th-century-style heliogravures to modern-day digital printings, a selection of which are on exhibition at the Maison Europeenne de la Photographie in Paris. They are among his most prized achievements. “ I make phot
16、ographs the way I make paintings, “says Dine, “but the difference is, in photography, its like lighting a fire every time.“Though photography makes up a small slice of Dines vast oeuvre, the exhibit is a true retrospective of his career. Dine mostly photographs his own artwork or the subjects that h
17、e has portrayed in sculpture, painting and prints including Venus de Milo, ravens and owls, hearts and skulls. There are still pictures of well-used tools in his Connecticut workshop, delightful digital self-portraits and intimate portraits of his sleeping wife, the American photographer Diana Miehe
18、ner. Most revealing and novel are Dines shots of his poetry, scribbled in charcoal on walls like graffiti. To take in this show is to wander through Dines life:his childhood obsessions, his loves, his dreams. It is a poignant and powerful exhibit that rightly celebrates one of modern arts most intri
19、guing-and least hyped-talents.When he arrived on the scene in the early 1960s, Dine was seen as a pioneer in the pop-art movement. But he didnt last long; once pop stagnated, Dine moved on. “Pop art had to do with the exterior world, “he says. He was more interested, he adds, in “what was going on i
20、nside me. “He explored his own personality, and from there developed themes. His love for handcrafting grew into a series of artworks incorporating hammers and saws. His Obsession with owls and ravens came from a dream he once had. His childhood toy Pinocchio, worn and chipped, appears in some self-
21、portraits as a red and yellow blur flying through the air.Dine first dabbled in photography in the late 1970s, when Polaroid invited him to try out a new large-format camera at its head-quarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He produced a series of colorful, out-of-focus self-portraits, and when he w
22、as done, he packed them away. A half dozen of these images-in perfect condition-are on display in Paris for the first time. Though masterful, they feel flat when compared with his later pictures.Dine didnt shoot again until he went to Berlin in the mi he opens himself physically and emotionally befo
23、re the lens. He says such pictures are an attempt to examine himself as well as“ record the march of time, what gravity does to the face in everybody. Im a very willing subject.“ Indeed, Dine sees photography as the surest path to self-discovery: “Ive always learned about myself in my art, “he says.
24、 “But photography expresses me. Its me. Me. “The Paris exhibit makes that perfectly clear.（分数：6.00）(1).According the Dine, the difference between painting and photography is that（分数：1.00）A.the latter requires more insight.B.the former needs more patience.C.the latter arouses great passions in him.D.
25、the former involves more indoor work.(2).The word “oeuvre“ in the second paragraph probably means（分数：1.00）A.all the works of an artist.B.all the efforts of an artist.C.an artists great potential.D.an artists great talent.(3).Which o the following photographs of Dines leaves the deepest impression on
26、 the author?（分数：1.00）A.Pictures of graffiti on walls.B.Photographs of his poetry.C.Shots of his well-used tools.D.Pictures of ravens and owls.(4).What does the author think of Dines self-portraits in the late 1970s?（分数：1.00）A.Their connotative meanings are not rich enough.B.They are not so exquisite
27、 as his later works.C.They reflect themes of his childhood dreams.D.They are much better than his later pictures.(5).All of the following field has Dine ever set foot in EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.a new style of painting.B.a silver-gelatin process.C.an old style of printing.D.Jungian psychoanalysis.(6).What i
28、s the main idea of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Jim Dines exhibit is a true retrospective of his career.B.The author tells us Jim Dines life stories as an artist.C.Jim Dine is distinguished for his colorful self-portraits.D.In a revealing exhibit, Jim Dine points his lens inward.2.BTEXT B/BBritains east m
29、idlands were once the picture of English countryside, alive With flocks, shepherds, skylarks and buttercups-the stuff of fairytales. In 1941 George Marsh left school at the age of 14 to work as a herdsman in Nottinghamshire, the East Midlands countryside his parents and grandparents farmed. He recal
30、ls skylarks nesting in cereal fields, which when accidentally disturbed would fly singing into the sky. But in his lifetime, Marsh has seen the color and diversity of his native land fade. Farmers used to grow about a ton of wheat per acre; now they grow four tons. Pesticides have killed off the ins
31、ects upon which skylarks fed, and year-round harvesting has driven the birds from their winter nests. Skylarks are now rare. “Farmers kill anything that affects production, “says Marsh. “Agriculture is too efficient.“Anecdotal evidence of a looming Crisis in biodiversity is now being reinforced by s
32、cience. In their comprehensive surveys of plants, butterflies and birds over the past 20 to 40 years in Britain, ecologists Jeremy Thomas and Carly Stevens found significant population declines in a third of all native species. Butterflies ate the furthest along-71 percent of Britains 58 species are
33、 shrinking in number, and some, like the large blue and tortoiseshell, are already extinct. In Britains grasslands, a key habitat, 20 percent of all animal, plant and insect species are on the path to extinction. Theres hardly a corner of the countrys ecology that isnt affected by this downward spir
34、al.The problem would be bad enough if it were merely local, but its not: because Britains temperate ecology is similar to that in so many other parts of the world, its the best microcosm scientists have been able to study in detail. Scientists have sounded alarms about species extinction in the past
35、, but always specific to a particular animal or place-whales in the 1980s or the Amazonian rain forests in the 1990s. This time, though, the implications are much wider. The Amazon is a “biodiversity hot spot“ with a unique ecology. But in Britain, “the main drivers of change are the same processes
36、responsible for species declines worldwide, says Thomas. The findings, published in the journal Science, provide the first clear evidence that the world is in the throes of a massive extinction. Thomas and Stevens argue that we are facing a loss of 65 to 95 percent of the worlds species, on the scal
37、e of an ice age or the meteorite that may have wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.If so, this would be only the sixth time such devastation had occurred in the past 600 million years. The other five were associated with one-off events like the ice ages, a volcanic eruption or a meteor. Thi
38、s time, ecosystems are dying a thousand deaths-from overfishing and the razing of the rain forests, but also from advances in agriculture. The British study, for instance, finds that one of the biggest problems is nitrogen pollution. Nitrogefi is released when fossil fuels burn in cars and power pla
39、nts-but also when ecologically rich heath-lands are plowed and fertilizers are spread. Nitrogen-rich fertilizers fuel the growth of tall grasses, which in turn overshadow and kill off delicate flowers like harebells and eyebrights.Even seemingly innocuous practices are responsible for vast ecologica
40、l damage. When British farmers stopped feeding horses and cattle with hay and switched to silage, a kind of preserved short grass, they eliminated a favorite nesting spot of corncrakes, birds known for their raspy nightly mating calls; corncrake populations have fallen 76 percent in the past 20 year
41、s. The depressing list goes on and on.Many of these practices are being repeated throughout the world, in one form or another, which is why scientists believe that the British study has global implications. Wildlife is getting blander. “We dont know which species are essential to the web of life so
42、were taking a massive risk by eliminating any of them, “ says David Wedin, professor of ecology at the University of Nebraska. Chances are well be seeing the results of this experiment before too long._BTEXT B/BBritains east midlands were once the picture of English countryside, alive With flocks, s
43、hepherds, skylarks and buttercups-the stuff of fairytales. In 1941 George Marsh left school at the age of 14 to work as a herdsman in Nottinghamshire, the East Midlands countryside his parents and grandparents farmed. He recalls skylarks nesting in cereal fields, which when accidentally disturbed wo
44、uld fly singing into the sky. But in his lifetime, Marsh has seen the color and diversity of his native land fade. Farmers used to grow about a ton of wheat per acre; now they grow four tons. Pesticides have killed off the insects upon which skylarks fed, and year-round harvesting has driven the bir
45、ds from their winter nests. Skylarks are now rare. “Farmers kill anything that affects production, “says Marsh. “Agriculture is too efficient.“Anecdotal evidence of a looming Crisis in biodiversity is now being reinforced by science. In their comprehensive surveys of plants, butterflies and birds ov
46、er the past 20 to 40 years in Britain, ecologists Jeremy Thomas and Carly Stevens found significant population declines in a third of all native species. Butterflies ate the furthest along-71 percent of Britains 58 species are shrinking in number, and some, like the large blue and tortoiseshell, are
47、 already extinct. In Britains grasslands, a key habitat, 20 percent of all animal, plant and insect species are on the path to extinction. Theres hardly a corner of the countrys ecology that isnt affected by this downward spiral.The problem would be bad enough if it were merely local, but its not: because Britains temperate ecology is similar to that in so many other parts of the world, its the best microcosm scientists have been able to study in detail. Scientists have sounded alarms about species extinction in the past, but always specific to a particular animal or place-whales in the 1980s
