1、专业八级-92 及答案解析(总分：96.98，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：3，分数：17.00)BThe Importance of Questions/BFor non-native speakers of English who want to participate ingroup discussions, it is important to be able to ask questions in order toresolve their difficulties.B. Causes of Breakdowns inU (1) /U/B (1) _
2、1. On students part insufficient command over theU (2) /Uof English (2) _ poor pronunciation2. On teachers part uncertainty of whether his student has asked a question the studentsU (3) /Uto employ the correct question form (3) _ the teacher interprets the question as a comment difficulties arising
3、even when the student employs an/aU (4) /U (4) _question form the teacher may not know about theU (5) /Uof the student (5) _DifficultyB. Specific Questions/B1. Begin questions with an/aU (6) /U. (6) _2. Be careful toU (7) /Uthe exact point. (7) _B. Another Reason for the Correct Use ofU (8) /UPolite
4、ness/B (8) _1. The students uses the imperativeU (9) /Uthe question form (9) _when he is nervous or struggling with new subject matter.2. The teacher may interpret it asU (10) /Uand feel angry. (10) _（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_BSECTIO
5、N B/BI In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given I0 seconds to answer each of
6、the following five questions. Now listen to the interview./I（分数：4.98）(1).According to Samantha Heller, people tend to eat milk chocolate because（分数：0.83）A.it is less bitter than dark chocolate.B.it is more healthy than dark chocolate.C.it has special flavor with many nutrients.D.it is less expensive
7、 than dark chocolate.(2).Samantha Heller suggests that to get benefits from chocolate, you may（分数：0.83）A.take nutrients out of chocolate.B.make cocoa powder on your own.C.make hot chocolate by yourself.D.consult an expert on chocolate,(3).According to the interview, chemicals contained in green tea
8、actually help（分数：0.83）A.refresh ones memory.B.combat some diseases.C.revive ones spirits.D.improve ones physique.(4).Ginger can be used to deal with all of the following diseases or symptoms EXCEPT（分数：0.83）A.arthritis.B.morning sickness.C.nausea.D.flu.(5).According to Samantha Heller, people should
9、eat a product from other animals（分数：0.83）A.every two days.B.every other day.C.together with fruits.D.in small amounts._I Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00
10、）(1).The man Mr. Cheney accidentally shot and injured is（分数：0.50）A.a doctor.B.a secretary.C.a lawyer.D.a leader.(2).The Bush Administration has been accused by Harry Reid of（分数：0.50）A.being covert.B.shielding Dick.C.being dishonest.D.attacking the victim._二、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/B“Le
11、ave him alone!“ I yelled as I walked out of the orphanage gate and saw several of the Spring Park School bullies pushing the deaf kid around. I did not know the boy at all but I knew that we were about the same age, because of his size. He lived in the old white house across the street from the orph
12、anage where I lived. I had seen him on his front porch several times doing absolutely nothing, except just sitting there making funny like hand movements.In the summer time we didnt get much to eat for Sunday supper, except watermelon and then we had to eat it outside behind the dining room so we wo
13、uld not make a mess on the tables inside, About the only time that I would see him was through the high chain-link fence that surrounded the orphanage when we ate our watermelon outside.The deaf kid started making all kinds of hand signals, real fast like. “You are a stupid idiot!“ said the bigger o
14、f the two bullies as he pushed the boy down on the ground. The other bully ran around behind the boy and kicked him as hard as he could in the back. The deaf boys body started shaking all over and he curled up in a ball trying to shield and hide his face. He looked like he was trying to cry, or some
15、thing but he just couldnt make any sounds.I ran as fast as I could back through the orphanage gate and into the thick azalea bushes. I uncovered my home-made bow which I had constructed out of bamboo and string. I grabbed four arrows that were also made of bamboo and they had Coca Cola tops bent aro
16、und the ends to make real sharp tips. Then I ran back out of the gate with an arrow cocked in the how and I just stood there quiet like, breathing real hard just daring either one of them to kick or touch the boy again.“Youre a dumb freak just like him, you big eared creep!“ said one of the boys as
17、he grabbed his friend and backed off far enough so that the arrow would not hit them. “If youre so brave kick him again now,“ I said, shaking like a leaf. The bigger of the two bullies ran up and kicked the deaf boy in the middle of his back as hard as he could and then he ran out of arrow range aga
18、in.The boy jerked about and then made a sound that I will never forget for as long as I live. It was the sound like a whale makes when it has been harpooned and knows that it is about to die. I fired all four of my arrows at the two bullies as they ran away laughing about what they had done.I pulled
19、 the boy up off the ground and helped him back to his house which was about two blocks down the street from the school building. The boy made one of those hand signs at me as I was about to leave. I asked his sister “If your brother is so smart then why is he doing things like that with his hands?“
20、She told me that he was saying that he loved me with his hands.Almost every Sunday for the next year or two I could see the boy through the chain-link fence as we ate watermelon outside behind the dining room, during the summer time. He always made that same funny hand sign at me and I would just wa
21、ve back at him, not knowing what else to do.On my very last day in the orphanage I was being chased by the police. They told me that I was being sent off to the Florida School for Boys Reform School at Marianna so I ran to get away from them. They chased me around the dining room building several ti
22、mes and finally I made a dash for the chain-link fence and tried to climb over in order to escape. I saw the deaf boy sitting there on his porch just looking at me as they pulled me down from the fence and handcuffed me. The boy, now about twelve jumped up and ran across San Diego Road, placed his f
23、ingers through the chain-link fence and just stood there looking at us. They dragged me by my legs, screaming and yelling for more than several hundred yards through the dirt and pine-straw to the waiting police car. All I could hear the entire time was the high pitched sound of that whale being har
24、pooned again.（分数：4.00）(1).It can be inferred that the deaf boys life in the orphanage was（分数：1.00）A.simple and tranquil.B.monotonous and hard.C.quiet and enigmatic.D.boisterous and hard.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that the author was all EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.compassionate.B.dauntless.C.docil
25、e.D.dexterous.(3).The author was _ when he tried to protect the deaf kid against the two bullies.（分数：1.00）A.about ten years oldB.not quite about tenC.in his late teensD.in his twenties(4).The best title for the passage is probably（分数：1.00）A.The Wretched Life.B.The Orphanage Bullies.C.The Deaf Kid.D.
26、The Whale Sound.1.BTEXT B/BIn 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some maintenance work on a robot. In his haste, he failed to switch the robot off properly. Unable to sense him, the robots powerful hydraulic arm kept
27、on working and accidentally pushed the engineer into a grinding machine. His death made Urada the first recorded victim to die at the hands of a robot.This astounding industrial accident would not have happened in a world in which robot behavior was governed by the Three Laws of Robotics drawn up by
28、 Isaac Asimov, a science fiction writer. The laws appeared in I, Robot, a book of short stories published in 1950 that inspired a Hollywood film. But decades later the laws, designed to prevent robots from harming people either through action or inaction, remain in the realm of fiction.With robots n
29、ow poised to emerge from their industrial cages and to move into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. “Sec
30、urity, safety and sex are the big concerns,“ says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and one of the organisers of the new roboethics group. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be al
31、lowed into homes? Should robotic sex dolls resembling children be legally allowed?These questions may seem esoteric but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant, says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europes World Robotics Survey, in 2002 t
32、he number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly outstripping their industrial counterparts. Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100K of households should have domestic robots
33、by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety and ethical guidelines now, says Dr. Christensen.So what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? “Not enough,“ says Blay Whitby, an artificial-intelligence expert at the University of Sussex i
34、n England. This is hardly surprising given that the field of “safety-critical computing“ is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to make robots safer. One approach, which sounds simple enough, is to try to program them t
35、o avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Getting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough without having to take into account what its various limbs or appendages might bump into along the way.Regulating the behavior of robots is going to
36、 become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them, says Gianmarco Veruggio, a roboticist at the Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation in Genoa, Italy. As a result, their behavior will become impossible to predict fully, he says
37、, since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behavior as they go._BTEXT B/BIn 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some maintenance work on a robot. In his haste, he failed to switch the robot
38、 off properly. Unable to sense him, the robots powerful hydraulic arm kept on working and accidentally pushed the engineer into a grinding machine. His death made Urada the first recorded victim to die at the hands of a robot.This astounding industrial accident would not have happened in a world in
39、which robot behavior was governed by the Three Laws of Robotics drawn up by Isaac Asimov, a science fiction writer. The laws appeared in I, Robot, a book of short stories published in 1950 that inspired a Hollywood film. But decades later the laws, designed to prevent robots from harming people eith
40、er through action or inaction, remain in the realm of fiction.With robots now poised to emerge from their industrial cages and to move into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have co
41、me together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. “Security, safety and sex are the big concerns,“ says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and one of the organisers of the new roboethics group.
42、 Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes? Should robotic sex dolls resembling children be legally allowed?These questions may seem esoteric but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant, says Dr. Christensen. According to the Unit
43、ed Nations Economic Commission for Europes World Robotics Survey, in 2002 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly outstripping their industrial counterparts. Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and Sout
44、h Korea has set a goal that 100K of households should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety and ethical guidelines now, says Dr. Christensen.So what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? “Not enough,“ says B
45、lay Whitby, an artificial-intelligence expert at the University of Sussex in England. This is hardly surprising given that the field of “safety-critical computing“ is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to make robots s
46、afer. One approach, which sounds simple enough, is to try to program them to avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Getting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough without having to take into account what its various limbs or appendages
47、might bump into along the way.Regulating the behavior of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them, says Gianmarco Veruggio, a roboticist at the Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation in Genoa, Italy. As a result, their behavior will become impossible to predict fully, he says, since they will not be behaving in predefi
