1、专业八级-88 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Clocks through Time It took human being a long time to invent diverse ways for telling time. About 3000 years ago people first made a circle with a stick in tile center of it to (1) 1 _ _ the passage of time by noticing various marks
2、 on the circle the shadow of the stick fell across. Since these kinds of circles that are called (2) _ did not work without 2 _ the sun, men had to find other ways to keep track of time, including a (3) _ 3 _ candle on which each stripe took about one hour to melt, a water clock which had a line wit
3、h a number beside it for every hour and an (4) _ which followed tile 4 _ invention of glass blowing. The first clock with a face and an hour hand was invented about 600 years ago for few people. With the gradually (5) _ use of clocks, they were beautiful- 5 _ ly (6) _, though they could not keep cor
4、rect time. Scarcely had clocks been 6 _ made small enough to be carried when watches came into use. As the beginning of the style of “grandfather clocks, which were enclosed in tall wooden boxes, the (7) _ clock was made in 1657. In 1700, there were 7 _ clocks with minute and second hands. About 200
5、 years later, a clock is commonly used in every house and a watch is almost used by every (8) _ gentleman. 8 _ A newly created clock that shows the time exactly is so- called (9) _ 9 _ clock. Nowadays such a clock has more and more complicated functions. (10) _ as clocks and watches are, time means
6、different things to differ- 10 _ ent nations.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).How old is the minivan the Lady is looking at?（分数：1.00）A.One year old.B.Three years old.C.Five years old.D.Seven years old.(2).What is the veh
7、icle s mileage?（分数：1.00）A.55,000 miles.B.65,000 miles.C.75,000 miles.D.8,5000 miles.(3).What is the problem with the minivans door?（分数：1.00）A.It has several scratches in it.B.It will not open properly.C.It is missing the door handle.D.It has no seats covers.(4).What is one thing the extended warrant
8、y would NOT cover on the vehicle according to the conversation?（分数：1.00）A.A faulty oil pump.B.A malfunctioning gage.C.A worn out brake drum.D.An engine.(5).If the manager lowered the price as the salesman suggests, what would the final price be?（分数：1.00）A.15,475.B.15,575.C.15,675.D.15,775.三、BSECTION
9、 C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).What news event is reported?（分数：1.00）A.A bomb threat at a hospital.B.A flood at a school.C.A fire at an apartment building.D.A severe drought famine in a village.(2).How did the dog help rescue the baby?（分数：1.00）A.It helped rescue this baby by attracting people s attention by
10、barking.B.It helped rescue this baby by pulling the body to safety.C.It helped rescue this baby by comforting the baby until help came.D.It helped rescue this baby by waking up the baby by ringing the bell.IQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following news from the VOA. At the end of the news item,
11、you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).What made this eclipse so unique?（分数：1.00）A.Its location for viewing in the world.B.its timing on the calendar.C.Its movement across the sky.D.Its beautiful scene.(2).Which statement was NOT mentioned about v
12、iewing an eclipse?（分数：1.00）A.Sunglasses block out only a limited amount of the sun s ultraviolet rays that can damage the eye.B.Sunglasses can only filter harmful rays during total solar eclipses at their greatest magnitude.C.Sunglasses tend to cause the center of the eye to enlarge allowing in more
13、 intense light.D.Sunglasses should be used when any part of the sun is visible.(3).what is one fact we do not learn from the final commentary of the video?（分数：1.00）A.People who can record the next eclipse.B.The date of an upcoming solar eclipse.C.How to record an eclipse for your posterity.D.Where t
14、he next Christmas eclipse will occur.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BWe hear it a lot the news these days:“Recycle newspapers and save a tree. Collect bottles and cans so they can be reused in the manufacturing of new products.“Protecting our delicate environment seems to be on the agenda o
15、f politicians, government leaders, and citizens in many parts of the world to show support for mother nature. The concept of green consumerism has gained momentum more and more over the last decade, and the public feels moved to pitch in and help. However, three essential keys needed to power this m
16、ovement include a more informed public, the development of improved technology, and a greater demand for recycled materials.Let s use paper as an example. The first step is to raise public awareness about the recycling process, explain the kinds of materials that can be recycled, and provide ways on
17、 how to properly dispose of them. Local governments should educate the public on how to properly sort reusable materials fron5 those, like waxed paper, carbon paper, plastic laminated material such as fast food wrappers, that can t be recycled very easily. Then, a system of collecting these sorted m
18、aterials needs to be established. Public interest might be there, but may soon wane if recycling centers located in convenient locations are not available. Sometimes we become complacent when it comes to recycling, but when you speak in terms of actually facts and figures that everyone can understan
19、d, people become more cognizant of the problem. I remember reading one time that the energy saved from one recycled can provide enough power to operate a television set for three hours. Give the public information they can grasp in real terms, and then you will increase your chances of gaining follo
20、wers.Second, technological progress has been made on many fronts, but governmental agencies need to step up their support for companies involved in recycling by providing tax incentives, low - cost loans, or even grants to upgrade equipment and to encourage further research. One breakthrough has bee
21、n the development of a new manufacturing process that uses enzymes to help remove ink from paper in more energy efficient and environmentally safe methods. Recycling paper materials can be expensive in both monetary and environmental terms. The difficulty in removing print from paper, the amount of
22、energy expended during the process, and caustic waste that is sometimes produced are costs that companies incur that are then passed onto the consumer.The final key is to increase demand for the growing surplus of resources waiting to be recycled. This problem has appeared in various regions of the
23、world where the technology to process the used materials lags far behind the amount being collected for recycling. There may be a great outpouring of support; yet the great stumbling block to implementing the second stage of this plan could be thwarted by the corporate sector s inability to find com
24、mercial enterprises interested in using recycled goods especially when the cost of exceeds those of virgin materials.Recycling is a crucial link protecting our planet. The three keys mentioned are important to achieving this end.（分数：5.00）(1).What would be the best title for this passage?（分数：1.00）A.I
25、mportant Keys to Recycling PaperB.Technological Advances Improve RecyclingC.Steps to Improving RecyclingD.Best Ways to Protect Our Environment(2).According to the article, paper materials that arc difficult to recycle include _.（分数：1.00）A.copy paperB.document shredC.food wrappersD.bottles and cans(3
26、).In some cases, recycling could be hazardous to the environment if special precautions are not taken because _.（分数：1.00）A.industrial emissions are sometimes created in the processB.chemical waste is sometimes produced as a resultC.a great deal of energy is expended to create new productsD.there are
27、 a lot of bacteria in waste things(4).According to the passage, the demand for recyclable materials in the manufacturing of new products is sometimes sluggish because _.（分数：1.00）A.some governments are unwilling to support expensive recycling methodsB.there is a lack of advanced technology to process
28、 the materialsC.businesses do not invest enough money into researchD.people dont like waste things(5).Which is NOT one of the main keys to recycling as mentioned in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Government regulation of waste.B.A more informed public.C.Better technology.D.More demand for recycled materials
29、.BTEXT B/BIn the US, poll after poll has shown a majority in favour of animal experimentation, even without statements about its value. Why is opinion in Britain so different? I think that there are two reasons.The first is the success of antivivisection campaigners in lampooning animal research as
30、outdated, intentionally cruel, “bad“ science, which achieves nothing. All drugs and procedures developed with the help of animal tests are said to be dangerous. The occasional failure of animal testing to identify a dangerous drug is developed as an argument for abandoning safety tests involving ani
31、mals altogether-with no mention of the terrible human suffering that this would cause. They say that “alternative“ methods already exist for all animal experiments, but the fact is that the law specifically forbids animal use if there is any alternative.The second reason is that scientists and docto
32、rs have failed to oppose such misrepresentation. In the early 1990s, animal rights campaigning in the US was met with much more forthright defense, not only by the major scientific societies, funding agencies and medical organizations, but also by the US government.To be positive, there are many enc
33、ouraging features of the New Scientist poll. Interestingly, the public seems to employ the same kind of utilitarian philosophy that underpins the law in Britain-weighing potential benefits against the species involved (thus, monkeys are more “valuable“ than mice) and the likelihood of suffering.Clea
34、rly, people in Britain do not recognize the essential link between animal research and testing and the medical treatments that they receive. Only 18 percent of those who had taken ( or had a close family member who had taken a drug prescribed for a serious illness realized that the drug had been tes
35、ted on animals, as all drugs are. Obviously, a large majority of those surveyed believe that they can happily benefit from medical treatment without taking advantage of animal research. No wonder so many people oppose it when asked the straight yes/no question.The views of the public must be respect
36、ed. But this poll tells us that, while they are open to persuasion, their reaction is based on misunderstanding. The responsibility for providing honest evidence for the public lies not just with those who use animals in their research, but with other scientists who depend on that work. It lies with
37、 the doctors who benefit from animal research, with the pharmaceuticals and biotech industries, and the medical charities and funding age, les whose work would be crippled without it. But most of all, responsibility rests with government, which should cultivate serious and transparent debate between
38、 those of different opinion, and provide the public-especially young people-with the honest evidence they need and deserve.（分数：5.00）(1).In the first sentence of Paragraph 3, “such misrepresentation“ refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.the idea that other methods can be substituted for animal researchB.the claim
39、that animal experiment is intentionally cruelC.the belief that all drugs developed with animal tests are dangerousD.the fact that scientists and medical organizations support animal experimentation(2).In the authors opinion, why do more people in Britain oppose animal experiments?（分数：1.00）A.Because
40、they are kinder than those in the United States.B.Because they dont know the benefits resulting from animal tests.C.Because most of the medicines dont need animal experiments to work well.D.Because some scientists use rare species for their medical experimentation.(3).According to the author how to
41、correct the situation?（分数：1.00）A.Only some animals should be used for research.B.Scientists and doctors should respect the views of the public.C.The benefits of animal tests should be made widely known.D.The debate on animal tests be put to s serious public poll.(4).What is the authors attitude towa
42、rds animal research?（分数：1.00）A.Negative.B.Questioning.C.Neutral.D.Positive.(5).The passage is mainly concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.supporting a positionB.refuting some argumentsC.describing a caseD.presenting a new perspectiveBTEXT C/BMaterial culture refers to the touchable, material “things“-physica
43、l objects that can be seen, held, felt, used-that a culture produces. Examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things“ in
44、 it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph (留声机) was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have t
45、wo kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eas
46、tern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research s
47、hows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation (乐谱)
48、has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.One more important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette recorder, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information revolution, a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in
