1、专业八级-83 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/B In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task
2、 after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. B Franklin D. Roosevelt/B Roosevelt was elected President in 1932, when the United
3、States was in U(1) /U. Then the new president began to adopt a complex of U(2) /U known as the New Deal. The New Deal brought to the individual citizen a sharp U(3) /U of interest in government. Then a policy of U(4) /U currency inflation was adopted in order to start an upward movement in commodity
4、 prices. In agriculture, far-reaching reforms were U(5) /U. By 1940, nearly six million farmers were receiving U(6) /U subsidies under this program. In the 1936 election, Roosevelt won an even more U(7) /U victory over his republican opponent. The 1940 presidential election U(8) /U another majority
5、for Roosevelt. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, Roosevelt directed organization of the Nations U(9) /U and resources for global war. He was devoted much to the planning of a United Nations, where, he hoped, international difficulties could be U(10) /U.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
6、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).From his talk with Professor Plant, we know that Michael _.（分数：1.00）A.is a freshmanB.is a bad studentC.is declining in his course studyD.has spent most of his time on course work(2).Which of the following statements is
7、NOT Professor Plants suggestions for Michael?（分数：1.00）A.to make much more effort in his course workB.to cut down on his Union activitiesC.to turn to the Welfare OfficeD.to take part-time jobs for tuition fees(3).What position does Michael have in the Student Union?（分数：1.00）A.Chairman of the Social S
8、cience SocietyB.Chairman of the Natural Science SocietyC.Chairman of the Environmental Work SocietyD.Chairman of the Literature Society(4).What is the feasible solution to Michaels financial problem?（分数：1.00）A.to borrow money from his parentsB.to borrow money from his classmatesC.to borrow money fro
9、m the Welfare OfficeD.to sell his car and pay off the debt(5).From the conversation between Michael and Tessa, we can see that Tessa is trying to _.（分数：1.00）A.mock MichaelB.console MichaelC.criticize MichaelD.persuade Michael三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：4，分数：5.00)1.I Question 7 is based on the following news.
10、 At the end of the news item, you will be given I0 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./IA meeting is scheduled to be held today between _.（分数：1.00）A.Palestinian leader and Israeli Prime MinisterB.Palestinian leader and Israeli Foreign MinisterC.Palestinian leader and Israeli Pres
11、identD.Pakistani leader and Israeli Defense Minister2.I Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./IA suicide bomber attacked _ yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.a Baghdad shopB.a Baghdad restaurantC.a Bangk
12、ok shopD.a Bangkok restaurant3.Which of the following issues is NOT among the topics of discussion in the conference?（分数：1.00）A.helping Iraq with reconstructionB.reasserting law and orderC.adopting a new constitutionD.reform the Iraqi armyI Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the e
13、nd of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).Before entering the Florida Key West, Hurricane Dennis has caused damage in _.（分数：1.00）A.MexicoB.HaitiC.CubaD.Columbia(2).According to the forecast, Hurricane Dennis will get stronger as i
14、t passes through _.（分数：1.00）A.FloridaB.CubaC.LouisianaD.the Gulf of Mexico四、BPART READING (总题数：4，分数：16.00)In this section there are several reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.BTEXT A/BShould doct
15、ors ever lie to benefit their patientsto speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to expose
16、corruption or to promote the public interest.What would doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within si
17、x months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie
18、 for the patients own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more s
19、lowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide, As one physician wrote: “ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truths sake, and that is as for as possible do harm.“Armed with such precept, a number of doc
20、tors my slip into deceptive practices that they assume will “do no harm“ and may will help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to the incurably ill and the dying.But the illusory nature of the bene
21、fits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also
22、 learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.Not only do lies not provide the “help“ hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of pat
23、ients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be a patient in the first place. We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness when information is denied or distorted.Dying patie
24、nts especiallywho are easiest to mislead and most often kept in the darkcan then not make decision about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they should bring their affairs to
25、 close and take leave.Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to th
26、e spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine,“ and thus it injure, in turn, the entire medical profession.Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers. Patients bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives for treatment.
27、 Many doctors go to great eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices. Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.There
28、is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason, to be wary of professional deception, for
29、such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, “what you dont know cant hurt you.“(737 words)（分数：4.00）(1).The text is about _.（分数：1.00）A.why doctors dont always tell the truthB.the benefits of not knowing the seriousnes
30、s of an illnessC.the question of whether patients should be told the truth about their illnessesD.the circumstances in which a person should not be told the truth(2).According to the text, a patients bill of rights requires that patients be in formed of _.（分数：1.00）A.their state of healthB.all medica
31、l expensesC.the doctors qualificationsD.the anticipated schedule of recovery(3).The most unfortunate consequence of deception in the professions is that _.（分数：1.00）A.colleagues disapproveB.sharp conflicts arise between doctors and nursesC.patients axe unsure of their rightsD.the practice will spread
32、 and erode trust(4).From the text we may deduce that the author is inclined to think that doctors should _.（分数：1.00）A.lie to benefit their patientsB.lie to the dying and the seriously ill onlyC.lie when serious consequences are avoidable only through deceptionD.be honest, with their patientsBTEXT B/
33、BThe most damning thing that can be said about the worlds best-endowed and richest country is that it is not only not the leader in health status, but that it is so low in the ranks of the nations. The United States ranks 18th among nations of the world in male life expectancy at birth, 9th in femal
34、e life expectancy at birth, and 12th in infant mortality. More importantly, huge variations are evident in health status in the United States from one place to the next and from one group to the next.The forces that affect health can be divided into four groupings that led themselves to analysis of
35、all health problems. Clearly the largest group of forces resides in the persons environment. Behavior, in part derived from experiences with the environment, is the next greatest force affecting health. Medical care services, treated as separate from other environmental factors because of the specia
36、l interest we have in them, make a modest contribution to health status. Finally, the contributions of heredity to health are difficult to judge.No other country spends what we do per capita for medical care. The care available is among the best technically, even if used too freely and thus dangerou
37、sly. Given the evidence that medical care is not that valuable and access to care not that bad, it seems most unlikely that our bad showing is caused by the significant proportion who are poorly served. Other hypotheses have greater explanatory power: excessive poverty, both actual and relative, and
38、 excessive wealth.Excessive poverty is probably more prevalent in the U.S. than in any of the countries that have a better infant mortality rate and female life expectancy at birth. This is probably true also for all but four or five of the countries with a longer male life Expectancy. In the notabl
39、y poor countries that exceed us in male survival, difficult living conditions are a more accepted way of life and in several of them, a good basic diet, basic medical care and basic education, and lifelong employment opportunities are an everyday fact of life. In the U.S. a national unemployment lev
40、el of 10 percent may be 40 percent in the ghetto while less than 4 percent elsewhere. The countries that have surpassed us in health do not have such severe problems. Nor are such a high proportion of their people involved in them.Excessive wealth is not so obvious a cause of iii health, but, at lea
41、st until recently, few other nations could afford such unhealthful ways of living. Excessive intake of animal protein and fats, and use of tobacco and drugs, and dangerous recreational sports and driving habits are all possible only when one is wealthy. Our heritage, desires, and opportunities, comb
42、ined with the relatively low cost of bad foods and speedy vehicles, make us particularly vulnerable. Our unacceptable health status, then, will not he improved appreciably by expanded medical resources nor by their redistribution so much as by a general attempt to improve the quality of life for all
43、. (506 words)（分数：4.00）(1).The passage would probably be followed by _.（分数：1.00）A.suggestions for specific proposals to improve the quality of life in AmericaB.a listing of the most common causes of death among male and female adultsC.an explanation of the causes of poverty in America, both absolute
44、and relativeD.a proposal to ensure that residents of central cities receive more and better medical care(2).The author is primarily concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.condemning the U.S. for its failure to provide better medical care to the poorB.evaluating the relative significance of factors contributing
45、 to the poor health status in the U.S.C.providing information that the reader can use to improve his or her personal healthD.advocating specific measures designed to improve the health of the U, S. population.(3).The author refers to the excessive intake of alcohol, tobacco, and drug in order to ill
46、ustrate that _.（分数：1.00）A.some health problems cannot be solved by better medical careB.his use of alcohol and other substances is harmful to healthC.poor health results from tack of proper medical careD.wealth may contribute to poor health status(4).In discussing the forces that influence health, t
47、he author implies that medical care services are _.（分数：1.00）A.a special aspect of an individuals environmentB.a function of an individuals behavior patternC.becoming less important as technology improvesD.too expensive for most peopleBTEXT C/BTo live in the United States today is to gain an apprecia
48、tion for Dhrendorfs assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt gameor a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird
