1、专业八级-78 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BTelevision/B Since its invention in (1) _, television has played an 1. _ increasingly important role in our life. It affects peoples life in a good way as well as in a bad way. On the good side. Firstly, television has transformed t
2、he Way (2) _is transmitted. It can show news in pictures. 2. _ So in a way, it brings (3) _to the public. 3. _ Secondly, television has transformed (4) _. It helps 4. _ people to be better (5) _on political issues and thus 5. _ enhance democracy. On the bad side. First of all, television increases t
3、he (6) _between people. People have little chance to 6. _ (7) _with each other due to the distraction of television. 7. _ Some social problems and peoples mental problems are partly caused by this. Secondly, television is widely thought to be very harmful to young people. Young people tend to believ
4、e and (8)_ 8. _ whatever they see on TV. As a result of this, the young generation is more (9)_than the old generations. 9. _ Television also makes young people become less (10)_ 10. _ They have no interest in reading and their writing ability is very poor.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1
5、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Grammar school was for students who _.（分数：1.00）A.were at the age of 16B.failed the eleven plus examC.did well in the eleven plus examD.were not qualified for secondary school(2).Janet thinks that stopping dividing children at the
6、age of 11 _ the old education system.（分数：1.00）A.does not greatly improve,B.greatly improvesC.does not improveD.is not as good as(3).One of the problems in English schools is that _.（分数：1.00）A.the schools are overcrowdedB.the classrooms are not big enoughC.there are too many students in a classD.the
7、encouragement on students* individualism is not enough(4).On the issue of adaptation to society, Janet thinks _.（分数：1.00）A.only the subjects that could be used in society are important for the studentsB.the subjects could be irrelevant so long as the students could enjoy themC.there should be more c
8、lasses on social studiesD.there should be no exams in subjects of social studies.(5).In Janets opinion, school education could be improved if the students could be encouraged _.（分数：1.00）A.to enjoy a subject for its own sakeB.to be more competitiveC.not to worry about examsD.to study with a specific
9、aim三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)(1).After Sonia Ghandi was elected as Prime Minister, _.（分数：1.00）A.the stock market suffered a dramatic fallB.economic reform would get a strong supportC.a new government was formed on TuesdayD.state-owned companies would be privatized(2).Why will the Hindu Nationalis
10、t Party boycott Sonia Ghandis sworn-in ceremony?（分数：1.00）A.Because she is not a native Indian.B.Because she was born in Italia.C.Because she is from an infamous family.D.Because she forces the Hindu Nationalist Party out of power.I Questions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the
11、 news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news. /I（分数：2.00）(1).The Indonesian President has _ in the province of Aceh.（分数：1.00）A.lifted martial lawB.imposed martial lawC.sent troops to take over powerD.reached peace agreement with the military(2).The provinc
12、e of Aceh has been _ for one year.（分数：1.00）A.under civilian controlB.under separatist controlC.under military ruleD.troubled by war1.I Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given i0 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. /IAccording to
13、the news, Iran is asking for _.（分数：1.00）A.a resumption of uranium enrichmentB.a halt of international inspections of its nuclear sitesC.the recognition of its cooperation with the UND.both A and B四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BA common result of being frustrated is an act of aggression, so
14、metimes violent. To be alive is to have a goal and pursue itanything from cleaning the house, or planning a vacation, to saving money for retirement. If somebody or something blocks the goal, we begin to feel pent up and thwarted. Then we get mad. The blocked goal, the sense of frustration, aggressi
15、ve actionthis is the normal human sequence. If we are aware of what is going on inside us, however, we can save ourselves a good deal of needless pain and trouble.Everyone has encountered frustration on the highways. You are driving along a two-lane road behind a big trailer-truck. Youre in a hurry,
16、 while the truck driver seems to be enjoying the scenery. After miles of increasing frustration you grow to hate him. Finally you step on the gas and pass him defiantly, regardless of the chance you may be taking. This kind of frustration must cause thousands of accidents a year. Yet, if you realize
17、d what was going on in your nervous system, you could curb such dangerous impulses.The aggressive act that frustration produces may take a number of forms. It may be turned inward against oneself, with suicide as the extreme example. It may hit back directly at the person or thing causing the frustr
18、ation. Or it may be transferred to another object what psychologists call displacement. Displacement can be directed against the dog, the parlor furniture, the family or even total strangers.A man rushed out of his front door in Brooklyn one fine spring morning and punched a passerby on the nose. In
19、 court he testified that he had had a quarrel with his wife. Instead of punching her he had the bad luck to punch a police detective.Aggression is not always sudden and violent; it may be devious and calculated. The spreading of rumors, malicious gossip, a deliberate plot to discredit, are some of t
20、he roundabout forms. In some cases, frustration leads to the opposite of aggression, a complete retreat from life.The classic pattern of frustration and aggression is nowhere better demonstrated than in military life. GIs studied by the noted American sociologist Samuel A. Stouffer in the last war w
21、ere found to be .full of frustrations due to their sudden loss of civilian liberty. They took it out verbally on the brass, often most unjustly. But in combat, soldiers felt far more friendly toward their officers. Why? Because they could discharge their aggression directly against the enemy.Dr. Kar
22、l Menninger, of the famous Menninger Foundation at Topeka, pointed out that children in all societies are necessarily frustrated, practically from birth, as they are broken into the customs of the tribe. A babys first major decision is “whether to holler or swaller“when it discovers that the two act
23、s cannot be done simultaneously. Children have to be taught habits of cleanliness, toilet behavior, regular feeding, punctuality; habits that too often are hammered in.Grownups with low boiling points, said Dr. Menninger, probably got that way because of excessive frustrations in childhood. We can m
24、ake growing up a less difficult period by giving children more love and understanding. Parents in less civilized societies, Menninger observes, often do this. He quotes a Mohave Indian, discussing his small son: “Why should I strike him? He is small, I am big. He cannot hurt me.“When we do experienc
25、e frustration, there are several things we can do to channel off aggression. First, we can try to remove the cause which is blocking our goal. An individual may be able to change his foreman, even his job or his residence, if the frustration is a continuing one.If this cannot be done, then we can se
26、ek harmless displacements. Physical outlets are the most immediately helpful. Go out in the garden and dig like fury. Or take a long walk, punch a bag in the gym, make the pins fly in a bowling alley, cut down a tree. The late Richard C. Tolman, a great physicist, once told me that he continued tenn
27、is into his 60s because he found it so helpful in working off aggressions.As a writer I receive pan letters as well as fan letters, and some of them leave me baffled and furious. (Some, I must admit, are justified.) Instead of taking it out on the family, I write the critic the nastiest reply I can
28、contrive. That makes me feel a lot better. Next morning I read it over with-renewed satisfaction. Then I tear it up and throw it in the wastebasket. Aggression gone, nobody hurt.But perhaps the best way of all to displace aggressive feelings is by hard, useful work. If both body and mind can be enga
29、ged, so much the better.The world is filled today with a great surplus of anger and conflict. We are far from knowing all about the sources of these destructive feelings, but scientists have learned enough to clear up quite a load of misery. Their findings can help us reduce that load and even utili
30、ze its energy, through a better understanding of ourselves and our neighbors.（分数：4.00）(1).The aggressive act usually takes all of the following forms EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.overeatingB.suicideC.hitting back directlyD.displacement(2).According to Stauffer, why were GIs much more friendly towards their o
31、fficers in combat?（分数：1.00）A.Because they were afraid of being assigned dangerous tasks.B.Because they could release their pent-up frustration against the enemy.C.Because they were more like equals and friends in face of enemy.D.All of the above.(3).As can be inferred from the passage, children in l
32、ess civilized society _.（分数：1.00）A.experience less frustrationsB.are more aggressiveC.find better ways to cope with frustrationsD.have low boiling points in life(4).Why are some adults easy to lose their temper according to Dr. Menninger?（分数：1.00）A.They probably grow up in poor families.B.They are b
33、orn to experience failures.C.They probably have been spoiled by indulgent parents.D.They may have received undue frustrations in childhood.BTEXT B/BAs environmental protection becomes a global issue, a new term“ Green EFL“ is working its way into our vocabulary.What does it mean? The Project in the
34、English Country School in southern England gives you some idea and shows how environment protection and language teaching can be combined together.In this school, there are projects on the classification of trees and their leaves, on insects and other invertebrates, pond and river life, flowers and
35、hedgerows. There are air pollution surveys, litter surveys, recycling projects, acid rain surveys, farm visits, countryside walks, sculptures and collages created from natural materials.It is all backed up in the classroom with EFL materials about the environment-the rain forests, biological diversi
36、ty, global warming-and with materials which concentrate on the students immediate environment under the general heading of “Health“: smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, diet and exercise.For example, the topic of pollution will involve the students searching the local environment to find out what has b
37、een thrown away. This is then classified according to the type of material found and whether it is recyclable or not.The students follow instructions to set up simple experiments to detect air and water pollution. They investigate mosses and lichens, looking up their findings in field guides, to det
38、ermine the number and quality of species. They compare and collate their findings, producing diagrams, writing up their results and drawing conclusions. They then practise language work on topics such as the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming.How do the students benefit from this? In common with a
39、ll project work, learner autonomy, co-operation and motivation is fostered. The language practice takes place in a natural and enjoyable setting. As a result the students develop an appreciation of and an alertness and sensitivity toward their surroundings.Another advantage of Green EFL is that the
40、environment is a global issue: What happens in one country affects what happens in another. The environment thus spans borders and cultures. We can teach the language, English, through the environment, without teaching “Englishness“, or “Americanness,“ or whatever other cultural values we might acci
41、dentally or deliberately put across to our students.Finally, through an understanding of the global environment, and the issues which affect it, students will be better able to meet challenges in the future.For the teacher interested in teaching English through environmental studies, there is a surp
42、rising amount of material available. The Cambridge Advanced English exam, with its emphasis on scientific/authentic English, has encouraged authors to include texts on various environmental issues.Sue Oconnells “Focus on Advanced English“, for example, includes a chapter called “Paradise Lost“ about
43、 the rain forests; “Passport to Cambridge Advanced English“ discusses the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming; “Cambridge Advanced English by Leo Jones, has a chapter about Greenpeace and the Antarctic; and so on. Environmental topics in Children% EFL textbooks are also catching on. Book 3 of Colli
44、ns “Mode“ series is particularly useful.（分数：4.00）(1).The topics of the Green EFL program probably will NOT include _.（分数：1.00）A.going on a dietB.recyclingC.farm animalsD.jazz music(2).How do students find out about water pollution?（分数：1.00）A.They consult pollution experts.B.They collect water sample
45、s.C.They conduct species surveys.D.They read books on pollution.(3).According to the author, Green EFL has all of the following advantages EXCEPT that _.（分数：1.00）A.students will be better able to meet challenges in the futureB.students learn the target language with less difficultyC.students can ach
46、ieve a better understanding of the environmental problemsD.students will acquire cultural values like “Americanness and “Englishness“(4).What sets apart the Green EFL program from other EFL programs?（分数：1.00）A.A natural and enjoyable setting.B.Encouraging learner autonomy.C.A large amount of materia
47、l available.D.Doing project work.BTEXT C/BAdam Smith, the Scottish professor of moral philosophy, was thrilled by his recognition of order in the economic system. His book, The Wealth of Nations (1776), is the germinal book in the field of economics which earned him the title, the father of economic
48、s.In Smiths view, a nations wealth was dependent upon production, not agriculture alone. How much it produced, he believed, depended upon how well it combined labour and the other factors of production. The more efficient the combination, the greater the output, and the greater the nations wealth.The essence of Smiths economic philosophy was his belief that an economy would work best if left to function on its own without government regulation. In those circumstan
