1、专业八级-75 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：4，分数：20.00)B How to Present a Seminar Paper/BTo involve their students more actively in the learning process, many university teachers usually conduct seminars, in which one student is asked to give his ideas on a certain topic and other studen
2、ts discuss the ideas.There are two stages involved in presenting a paper at a seminar. One is the (1)_stage which includes researching and writing up a topic. (1) _The other stage is the presentation stage when you actually present the paper to the audience.Two ways in which you can present your pap
3、er: a. (2) _copies (2) _ of your paper beforehand to all the participants so that they could read it before the seminar and know about your ideas, b. Reading it aloud to the (3) _who are likely to make their own notes. Comparatively (3) _ speaking, the first method is the more (4) _way of conducting
4、 a (4) _ seminar. However, you will have to introduce your paper at a seminar because the participants may have forgotten about your ideas or because they may have no time to read your paper.Nine points you have to follow when introducing your paper:1) Decide on a time (5) _for your talk and stick t
5、o it. (5) _2) Write out your spoken presentation in the way you are going to speak.3) Stick to the major points and(6) _details. (6) _4) Do your best to make your presentation interesting, but do not tell jokes and (7) _. (7) _5) Write out and (8) _what you intend to say until you would (8) _ not ma
6、ke any error.6) Make (9) _notes se that you can find your way easily from it (9) _ to the full notes when you forget something.7) Speak from the outline notes at the seminar.8) Make eye contact with your audience and judge their (10) _. (10) _9) Repeat your main points briefly and invite questions o
7、r comments in order to make a strong ending.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_BSECTION B/BI Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.N
8、ow listen to the interview./I（分数：5.00）(1).According to the officer, a student from other countries have to _before he can use the National Health Service in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.register with a universityB.pay the full cost in advanceC.study in Britain at least 6 monthsD.be registered on at least 6 co
9、urses(2).If one is entitled to treatment from the National Health Service, he is advised to _ first of all?（分数：1.00）A.register a course of half a year.B.register at any hospital.C.register with a doctor.D.register with the local city council:(3).Which of the following is true of the patient who has
10、registered for the National Health Service according to the officer?（分数：1.00）A.He will have to pay the cost of medicines.B.He will have to pay for the consultations with doctors.C.He will have to pay the full cost of all their treatments.D.He will have to consult with a doctors receptionist before t
11、reatment.(4).The following is free EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.dental treatmentB.casualty treatmentC.emergency treatmentD.all the treatment at a public hospital(5).If one wants to see a doctor in UK, he has to do the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.calling out a doctor to see himB.finding out a doctors consul
12、ting hoursC.finding out whether he needs to make an appointment with the doctorD.contacting a doctor to find out whether he would accept himBSECTION C/BI Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to
13、the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).Who attacked police bases, volunteer defense posts and local government offices?（分数：1.00）A.Security forces.B.Some officials.C.Militants.D.The farmers.(2).Where did the clash take place?（分数：1.00）A.In the southern provinces.B.In the northern cities.C.In the west.D.In the east.(
14、3).How many militants were killed in Wednesdays attacks?（分数：1.00）A.10.B.20.C.At least 40.D.At least 60.I Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).What is President Bushs
15、attitude towards the humiliating treatment of Iraqi prisoners by American soldiers?（分数：1.00）A.Ambiguous.B.Negative.C.Apologetic.D.Supportive.(2).Which of the following has resulted from the Arabian peoples anger over the abuse?（分数：1.00）A.Six American soldiers were charged.B.Some American soldiers we
16、re attacked.C.An advisor to President Bush was reprimanded.D.President Bush was asked to make an apology.二、BPART READING (总题数：9，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BLarge part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the
17、 status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scho
18、larship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofens 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact,
19、 Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies with matrilineal customs-societies in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some sup
20、port for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek “historian“ of the fifth century B. C, who speaks of an Amazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a pers
21、on in battle.Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematic. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historica
22、l fact-real Amazonian societies-but rather to offer “moral lessons“ on the supposed outcome of womens rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes. Their customs were presented not as thos
23、e of a respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary Greek practices.Thus, I would argue the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic, to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are d
24、estructive and dangerous. Myths about the Amazons were used as arguments for the male-dominated status quo, in which groups composed exclusively of either sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society. Bachofen was thus misled in his reliance on myths for information about
25、the status of women. The sources that will probably tell contemporary historians most about women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to show how mistaken we are when we try to derive our picture of
26、 the ancient world exclusively from literary sources, especially myths.（分数：5.00）(1).All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.in completenessB.restricted accessibilityC.difficulty of interpretationD.li
27、mited quantity(2).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the myths recorded by the ancient Greeks?（分数：1.00）A.They may have included portrayals of women holding positions of power.B.They may have contained elaborate explanations of inheritance customs.C.They comprise almost all
28、 of the material available to historians about ancient Greece.D.They may have contained explanations of inheritance customs and comprised all of the material available to historians about ancient Greece,(3).Which of the following is presented in the passages as evidence supporting the authors view o
29、f the ancient Greeks descriptions of the Amazons?（分数：1.00）A.The requirement that Sauromatae women kill in battle before marrying.B.The failure of historians to verify that women were ever governors of ancient societies.C.The classing of Amazons as giants and centaurs.D.The well-established unreliabi
30、lity of Herodotus as a source of information about ancient societies.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the probable reactions of many males in ancient Greece to the idea of a society ruled by women could best be characterized as _.（分数：1.00）A.confused and dismayedB.wary and hostileC.cynica
31、l and disinterestedD.curious but fearful(5).The author suggests that the main reason for the persisting influence of Bachofens work is that _.（分数：1.00）A.feminists have shown little interest in ancient societiesB.Bachofens knowledge of Amazonian culture is unparalleledC.reliable information about the
32、 ancient world is difficult to acquireD.ancient societies show the best evidence of women in positions of power1.BTEXT B/BHostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in
33、 mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A cl
34、an system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man
35、“. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear
36、their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry One another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery. It wasnt until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in
37、 Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the G
38、ypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continents largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regular
39、ly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gy
40、psies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan“ said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two feet stand. “_BTEXT B/BHostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appe
41、ared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels a
42、nd mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom th
43、ey call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man“. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and
44、 the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry One another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery. It wasnt un
45、til the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women h
46、ave been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Eu
47、rope, making them the continents largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may ov
48、ercount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan“ said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two feet stand. “（分数：4.00）(1).Gypsies are united only when they_.（分数：1.00）A.are engage
