1、专业八级-68 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whim neighborhoods are becoming darker in (1)_ and more expensive. (1)_ Analysts say that soaring house prices and booming car sales are being fueled by an (2)_ mobile black middle class (2)_ emerging from the ashes of (3)_. (3)_ Bla
2、cks, who make up about 75 percent of South Africa s 46.6 million people, are moving from the (4)_of the economy into the mainstream (4)_ thanks to policies aimed at redressing decades of injustice. Statistics compiled by the independent Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) show that the black midd
3、le class has (5)_ to 7.8 percent of the total population in 2000 from 3.3 percent in 1994. (5)_ “The development of a black middle class was deliberately stunted under segregation and apartheid,“ said the HSRC s Roger Southall. Although official figures are not (6)_, (6)_ analysts say the black midd
4、le class is behind the retail sales boom and strong house price growth. Before 1994, blacks were (7)_ by legislation from owning properties in suburbs exclusively reserved for whites and had limited access to bank credit. (7)_ But the face of the former white suburbs has changed as blacks (8)_ move
5、from the townships m search of security and better municipal services. (8)_ Living in posh suburbs is seen by many as a stares symbol. “The black middle class is (9)_ strongly to the growth of the property market and other sectors of the economy,“ says Jacques du Toit, an economist at banking group
6、Absa. (9)_ House prices rose by an (10)_ of 30.3 percent in real terms in 2004, (10)_ the highest since 1967, and business is also booming for auto traders, with a growing number of sales attributed to black buyers.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSE
7、CTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following is true?（分数：1.00）A.Andrew prefers filling the bad tooth to taking it out.B.Jackie prefers to have the bad tooth filled rather than pulled.C.Neither Andrew nor Jackie likes to have a tooth filled.D.Jackie and Andrew would rather have a tooth filled.(
8、2).Jackie complained that nobody was doing anything to_.（分数：1.00）A.prevent people from having trouble with teethB.stop teeth from falling outC.put men on the moonD.transplant hearts and other organs(3).According to the context tooth transplanting_.（分数：1.00）A.will not be realized in the near futureB.
9、is still at a trial periodC.is but a dreamD.has been widely practiced(4).Why did Jackie think Andrew was making up the story?（分数：1.00）A.She was sure Andrew was joking.B.She had never heard about it.C.She thought it totally impossible.D.It had never been mentioned anywhere.(5).This dialogue is mainly
10、 about_.（分数：1.00）A.Andrews toothacheB.teeth made of plasticsC.tooth transplantingD.the Georgetown University Hospital三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).How do the scientists measure the pitch?（分数：1.00）A.According to the movement and vibrations of hot gassesB.The trade winds blow on EarthC.The riversD.
11、The sound travel through the space(2).We should-when we want to glimpse inside the sun.（分数：1.00）A.answer questions about its temperatureB.translate the sounds into imagesC.know how gases inside ebb and flowD.measure the pitch(3).What did they find out?（分数：1.00）A.An equatorial belt of faster moving m
12、aterial.B.The solar sound.C.A sun orbiting satellite.D.An other plantet.IQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).Which one was not mentioned in the c
13、onclusion document issued by the summit?（分数：1.00）A.the EU would develop a strategic partnership with ChinaB.the EU had decided to lift the arms ban later this yearC.the EU would try to resolve the trade dispute with China quicklyD.the EU promised to intensify dialogue in all areas(2).According to As
14、selborn, which would lay down a solid road for the lifting?（分数：1.00）A.the strategic partnership between the EU and ChinaB.the dialogue in all areasC.the British effort to strike a deal on the EU code of conduct on arms exportsD.the US-EU relationship四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BThe destr
15、uction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution legislation, economic incentives and
16、friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delaysnot only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiativ
17、e for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is n
18、ow.We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and
19、promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boun
20、daries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-versioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we
21、must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomp
22、lish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.（分数：5.00）(1).We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disrega
23、rd environmental protection chiefly because_.（分数：1.00）A.they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doingB.they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interestsC.time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itD.it is difficult for them to take effective measures(2).The main
24、 task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is_.（分数：1.00）A.to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasionB.to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC.to take radical measures to consol environmental pollutionD.to i
25、mprove the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards(3).The word tunnel-versioned (Line 2, Para.4) most probably means_.（分数：1.00）A.narrow-mindedB.blind to the factsC.short-sightedD.able to see only one aspect(4).Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role
26、 in the solution of environmental problems?（分数：1.00）A.Legislation and government intervention.B.The industrys understanding and support.C.The efforts of environmental health professionals.D.The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.(5).According to the text, why des
27、truction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur?（分数：1.00）A.inevitable phenomenon of social developingB.few people are aware of itC.the tax exerted on manufacturer is too heavyD.difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on the people who caused the problemBT
28、EXT B/BThe United States has a major racial problem on its hands. True, Britain is facing a similar problem, but for the time, being it is in America that it is graver. The only way to solve it is through education. Negroes should know about the contributions that black individuals and groups have m
29、ade towards building America. This is of vital importance for their self-respect, and it is perhaps even more important for white people to know. For if you believe that a man has no history worth mentioning, it is easy to assume that he has no value as a man.Many people believe that, since the Negr
30、os achievements do not appear in the history books, he did not have any. Most people are taken aback when they learn that Negroes sailed with Columbus, marched with the Spanish conquerors of South America and fought side by side with white Americans in all their wars. People are astonished when you
31、tell them about Phillis Wheatley, who learned English as a slave in Boston and wrote first-class poetry. They have never heard of Benjamin Banneker, a mathematician and a surveyor, who helped to plan the city of Washington.There has been a tendency all along to treat the black man as if he were invi
32、sible, little has been written about the 5,000 American Negroes who fought in the Revolution against the British, but they were in every important baffle. In the Anglo-American war of 1812, at least one out of every six men in the U. S. Navy was a Negro. In the Civil war, more than 200,000 black tro
33、ops fought in the Union forces. How, then, did the image of the Negro as a valiant fighting man disappear? To justify the hideous institution of slavery, slaveholders had to create the myth of the docile, slow- witted Negro, incapable of self-improvement, and even contented with his lot. Nothing cou
34、ld be further from the truth. The slave fought for his freedom at every chance he got, and there were numerous uprisings. Yet the myth of docility persisted.There are several other areas where the truth has been twisted or concealed. Most people have heard of the Negro. Carver, who invented scores o
35、f new uses for the lowly peanut. But whoever heard of Norbert Rillieux, who in 1846 invented a vacuum pan that revolutionized the sugar-refining industry? Or of Elijah McCoy, who in 1872 invented the drip cup that feeds oil to the moving parts of heavy machinery? How many people know that Negroes ar
36、e credited with inventing such different items as ice creams, potato chips, the gas mask and the first traffic light? Not many. As for the winning the West, the black cowboy and the black frontiersman have been almost ignored, though film producers are becoming more aware of their importance. Yet in
37、 the typical trail crew of eight men that drove cattle from Texas to Kansas, at least two would have been Negroes. The black troops of the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry formed one-fifth of all the mounted troops assigned to protect the frontier after the Civil War. What difference does it make? You may as
38、k. A lot. The cowboy is the American folk-hero. Youngsters identify with him instantly. The average cowboy film is really a kind of morality play, with good guys and bad guys and right finally triumphing over wrong. You should see the amazement and happiness on black youngsters faces when they learn
39、 that their ancestors really had a part in all that.（分数：5.00）(1).From the passage we know that Negroes_（分数：1.00）A.have no self-respect.B.have no history.C.need to have an interest in history.D.need to learn what they have done for America.(2).People are surprised to learn that _（分数：1.00）A.Negroes ac
40、hievements are net shown in history books.B.Phillis Wheatley learned English.C.Negroes are good at mathematics.D.Negroes have a very long history in America.(3).How were the Negroes treated in the history books?（分数：1.00）A.They were ignored.B.They were condemned.C.They were belittled.D.They were prai
41、sed.(4).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：1.00）A.That Negroes were docile was denied by the slaveholders.B.That Negroes were docile Was not quite true.C.That Negroes were docile was a lie fostered by their masters.D.That Negroes were docile was sheer nonsense.(5).According to the passage
42、 what is unknown to many people is that_（分数：1.00）A.the drip cup benefited light industry.B.the truth about carver was twisted or concealed.C.sugar-refining owes a lot to a Negro.D.a Negro invented the frying pan.BTEXT C/BEver since it appeared on the cultural scene, the Enlightenment has had its pas
43、sionate critics. Philosophers as well as politicians have criticized its rationalism, its individualism, its cosmopolitanism, its faith in science and technology, its humanism, and its lack of respect for established traditions. Some have criticized individual aspects of it, others have condemned it
44、 in its entirety. At times Enlightenment thinking was all but eclipsed, as during the later part of the period of literary Romanticism, while at other times it re-surfaced with renewed vigor. In varying ways it has had a challenged and challenging presence in Western thought to this day.In recent de
45、cades Enlightenment thinking has been the target of critical endeavors once more. This time it is its individualism and cosmopolitanism that have come under persistent attack from various quarters, together with its attempt to find and formulate universally valid norms and values. Anti-Enlightenment
46、 initiatives have surfaced inside the United States as well as worldwide. They are often launched in the name of “multiculturalism,“ “ethnic identity,“ the supposed importance of “roots,“ and the general importance of “diff6rence“ as opposed to peoples common humanity. With respect to social integra
47、tion, advocates of ethnic separateness prefer cultural and racial “salad bowls“ to the traditional American “melting pot.“An issue is the Enlightenment idea that ideally every individual should not only have the right, but even the obligation to determine for himself or herself who he or she wants t
48、o be, what sort of life he or she wants to live, or with whom he or she wants to associate more closely. An individual, in other words, should not be obliged by any group to adhere to “his“ or “her“ religion, ethnicity, race, or social tradition, but be allowed and encouraged to make personal choices in all these regards-in effect be entirely free of any such particularistic determinations, if that seems best to the person in question. Essentially individuals are not seen by Enlightenment thinkers as me
