1、专业八级-43 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task
2、after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture. Complete the gap-filling tasks. Some of the gaps belo
3、w require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word( s)you fill in is( are )both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.The American IndiansA people in CrisisIndians lived in North America long before the continent was settled by Europeans. Through a long and diffi
4、cult struggle that continues to this day, the Indians have striven to (1)_their traditions, their religion 1. _, and their culture. But the problem is that nowadays conditionswhich favored the old life are gone for ever, and many Indians are unableto (2)_the white mans ways. 2. _Thousands of years b
5、efore Columbus came to the New World, theIndians entered North America by crossing a narrow strip of land thatonce (3)_ Alaska and Siberia. These migrants entered a new 3. _world in which there were no people at all. But there were many animalsto hunt, and there were (4) _ where nuts, roots, and ber
6、ries 4. _could be gathered. Some of Indians moved south into Central and SouthAmerica. Others traveled (5)_to the Atlantic Ocean. Eventually 5. _, the people who became the American Indians had spread across NorthAmericaThere are at least (6)_separate Indian languages in North 6. _America, each with
7、 its own grammar and vocabulary. And none is related in any way to English or any other European language.The regions of North America where the newcomers lived(7)_greatly in climate and food supply. The regional differences 7._produced two quite different types of Indians: the Plains Indiansand the
8、 Village Indians. The former, living in the plains and easternforests where game was plentiful, hunted and fished. While the latter,living in tile dry (8)_, built mud brick houses and develop 8._(9)_ 9._From the European viewpoint, the Indians were a primitive stonage people, who made their (10)_ fr
9、om stone, bone or wood. 10._They did not know how to work metal.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correc
10、t answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with an expert on the urban problem. At the end of the interview you will be given I0 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).This interview is m
11、ainly about_.（分数：1.00）A.large cities in Europe and the United StatesB.large cities in Latin AmericaC.industrial development in Latin AmericaD.industrial development in developed countries(2).What is the problem of the gigantic cities in Latin America?（分数：1.00）A.These cities grow relatively slowly.B.
12、These cities growth is parallel to their industrial growth.C.These cities have grown much faster than industry.D.These cities are short of labor force.(3).According to the expert, which of the following is NOT the reason for this problem?（分数：1.00）A.Immigration.B.Unemployment.C.Falling mortality rate
13、.D.Rising birthrates.(4).The reasons why the immigrants cannot work in industry are the following, except_.（分数：1.00）A.low educational standardsB.lack of trainingC.capital intensive modem industryD.labor intensive modem industry(5).According the speakers here, finding the solution to the problem is _
14、.（分数：1.00）A.quite soonB.impossibleC.very difficultD.well .on the way三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 7 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Negotiations come to a
15、standstill because_.（分数：1.00）A.poor countries liberalize farm tradeB.rich countries liberalize farm tradeC.developing countries want wealthy nations to open markets to industrial products and servicesD.wealthy nations want developing countries to open markets to industrial products and services(2).A
16、ccording to WTO Director-General Pascal Lamy, which of the following statements is correct?（分数：1.00）A.The differences are so wide that it is impossible for the members to reach an agreement.B.We cannot afford to take such big risks to reach an agreement.C.The agreement is reachable despite of wide d
17、ifferences.D.Risks have to be taken to control anti-globalization activities.1.In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following n
18、ews. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.They were in a crowd waiting for a distribution of_.（分数：1.00）A.UN food suppliesB.the Red Cross food suppliesC.UN suppliesD.the Red Cross suppliesQuestions 9 to 10 are based on the following n
19、ews. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Officials in the former Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan now fear _ in a huge subway fire.（分数：1.00）A.a high voltage sparkB.all electrical faultC.more, than 300 people w
20、ere killed SaturdayD.more than 300 people were killed Thursday(2).Eye witnesses say there was_as the tunnel began to fill with smoke.（分数：1.00）A.a panicB.a body of the deadC.a special commissionD.a bomb四、BPART READING (总题数：6，分数：20.00)In this section there are six reading passages followed by a total
21、of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.BTEXT A/BOver sixty years ago, Dr. Hans Selye recognized the mind-body connection involved with stress, as all of his patients had similar physiological and psychological characteristics. Stud
22、ies done with laboratory rats found that these same physical responses existed with animals when they were put under stress. He came to the conclusion that stress is “the non-specific response of the body to any demand placed upon it“. He concluded that each demand made on the body is unique in that
23、 there is a definite response: when we are cold, we shiver; when we are hot we perspire; a great muscular effort increases the demands upon the heart and vascular system.Selye claimed that it was not stress that harmed us, but distress, and distress occurred when we prolonged emotional stress and di
24、dnt deal with it in a positive manner. Selye was the pioneer in research into stress in the 1930s, and is internationally acknowledged as “the father of the stress field. After publishing the first scientific paper to identify and define “stress“ in 1936, Selye wrote more than 1700 scholarly papers
25、and 39 books on the subject. At the time of his death 1982, his work had been cited in more than 362,000 scientific papers, in countless popular magazine stories, and in most major languages. Selye held three earned doctorates ( M. D. , Ph. D. , D. Sc. ) plus 43 honorary doctorates, tie was an elect
26、ed member of several dozen of the worlds most recognized medical and scientific associations.After completion of his academic and professional studies in Prague, Paris, and Rome, Selye received a Rockefeller Research Fellowship and accepted a position at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryla
27、nd. By 1945 he had become the first Director of tile Institute of Experimental Medicine and Surgery at the University of Montreal, Canada. He served in that position until his retirement in 1976. Subsequently he established the International Institute of Stress. He recognized that strain, or stress,
28、 plays a very significant nile in the development of all types of disease. Selye called the process whereby strain influences the body, the General Adaptation Syndrome. He concluded that there are three distinctive phases in this process: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. He wrote of two types of s
29、tress: pleasant stress contributing to human well-being, and unpleasant stress contributing to disease. He is still by far the worlds most frequently cited author on stress topics.（分数：4.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：1.00）A.Selyes professional life and achievements.B.The origins of
30、the word “stress“.C.Defining stress.D.The father of the stress field.(2).According to the passage, if stress is not dealt with in a positive manner it will become_.harmful and change to（分数：1.00）A.emotional stressB.distressC.physical symptomsD.breakdown(3).Selye moved to America after completing stud
31、ies in Europe in order to_.（分数：1.00）A.earn a doctorateB.accept a fellowshipC.work in CanadaD.retire(4).The author implies that Selyes work on identifying and defining stress _.（分数：1.00）A.has not since been significantly improved uponB.is now outdatedC.has led to a new approach to psychological treat
32、mentD.has been modified to take account of the changes in society over the past few decadesBTEXT B/BThe Wright brothers, Wilbur and Orville, began publishing the West Side News from 1889, a small four-page newspaper. Their printing venture lasted until 1896. Their father, Milton, was a Bishop in the
33、 church and his wife, Susan, was a well-educated woman. It was she who stimulated the Wright Brothers interest in mechanical things.In 1990, the brothers successfully tested their 50-pound biplane glider in Carolina, and subsequently made a number of revisions. Controlled, powered flight had seemed
34、impossible until Orville Wright took off on the 17th, December 1903. The key to the Wright Brothers success was that their engineering had gone beyond the trial and error methods of their contemporaries.Having only very limited resources they showed great scientific ingenuity. When their test flight
35、s did not produce as much lift as they had expected, they went back to first principles and carried out a series of scientific experiments, starting with the bicycle balance and moving on to their famous wind tunnel experiments. They were the first to understand how the lift from the aerofoil change
36、s in flight, and the first to design their propellers as a form of aerofoil.Despite the financial burdens of all their research, testing, and the many aircraft built, the Wright Brothers were never financed by outsiders. The bicycle was a hot item at that time, and their bicycle shop financed everyt
37、hing. The first passenger to ever fly in an airplane was Charles W. Furnas who was taken aloft by Wilbur Wright on May 14, 1908 for a flight of 28.6 seconds duration. Orville and Wilbur flew together only once in their airplane for their father to see, but decided it unwise, because if they crashed,
38、 no one could carry on their work.The Wright Brothers inherited an aptitude for independent judgment, personal courage and mechanical talents of superior caliber. Two older brothers, Reuchlin and Lorin and a sister Katharine, went on to college, while Orville and Wilbur had only high school educatio
39、ns, and never officially graduated. However, their solid scientific methods had set free the ancient dream of human flight. The first American to fly after the Wright Brothers was Glenn H. Curtiss, who flew his “June Bug“ for the first time on June 20, 1908. The first airplane purchased by the Ameri
40、can Government was a Wright Biplane.（分数：3.00）(1).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.The first controlled, powered flight.B.The beginnings of aviation.C.The Wright Brothers.D.The Wright family.(2).Why are the two brothers and the sister of Wilbur and Orville mentioned in paragraph 5?（分数：1.00
41、）A.Because they all had more education.B.To illustrate that the abilities and personal qualities of Wilbur and Orville had enable them to achieve their goals without college education.C.To illustrate why it was not necessary for them to go to college.D.To contrast the achievements of different famil
42、y members.(3).Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Talent and perseverance are important ingredients for success.B.Success is always possible if you keep trying.C.Ability is more important than education.D.The scientific approach is the most reliable.BTEXT C/BIt i
43、s hard to love ants. Spiders and scorpions excepted, they are probably our least favorite insect. They give no honey; they do not brighten the air or chirp in hedgerows. Ants are small and dark and silent and live underground where they cannot be seen. They arc venomous and they bite. They teem and
44、swarm, moving en masse, like robots, in cryptic legions. And they are ugly; their huge heads and tiny waists make their bodies seem like grotesque, anorexic versions of our own. The industry of ants is a constant reproach to us; their most surprising feature, their social organization, seems siniste
45、r and totalitarian. Only our luck in being several thousand times as big keeps us safe from them.And ants, needless to say, do not love us. They hardly even notice us. This is hard to take. They challenge our anthropocentrism. For them, it seems we are not very important. And that is the truth of th
46、e matter. Ants arc the most successful organisms in evolutionary history: there are over 8,000 species, distributed everywhere on Earth except the polar regions. In Peru, 43 different kinds of ant have been recorded in a single tree. Compared with this, primates are just a flash in the pan. Ants ant
47、edate us and will undoubtedly outlast us. There are a million times more of them:10 million billion, it has been estimated, alive at any one timea quarter of a million for every acre of land on the Earths surface.The greatest number of ant species, and the most spectacular, are to be found in tropic
48、al rainforests and savannahs. It is a common but disconcerting experience in such places to witness an invasion of driver ants, a predatory tribe that hunts at night as well as in the day. Driver ants move in columns a foot or so in width and a hundred yards in length, each composed of millions of individual ants. Waking up in the darkness with a marauding column in your tent, it seems as though a thick black oiled rope is running over your bed, over you, across the wall and out again: an endless skein
