1、专业八级-3 及答案解析(总分：101.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task a
2、fter the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.ANSWER SHEET ONEComplete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a ma
3、ximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically lets fix it now without a committee meeting.“Monique Huston actually has her dream joband many tell her its theirs, too. Shes general manager of a pub in Omaha, the Dundee Dell, which boasts 650 single-malt scotches
4、on its menu. She visits bars, country clubs, peoples homes and Scotland for whiskey tasting. “I stumbled on my passion in life,“ she says.Still, some nights she doesnt feel like drinkingor smiling. “Your face hurts,“ she complains. And when you have your dream job you wonder what in the world youll
5、do next.One of the big appeals of a dream job is dreaming about it. Last year, George Reinhart saw an ad for a managing director of the privately owned island of Mustique in the West Indies.He was lured by the salary (SI million) and a climate that beat the one enjoyed by his Boston suburb. A docume
6、ntary he saw about Mnstique chronicled the posh playground for the likes of Mick Jagger and Princess Margaret. He reread Herman Wouks “Dont Stop the Carnival,“ about a publicity agent who leaves his New York job and buys an island hotel. In April of last year, he applied for the job.He heard nothing
7、. So last May, he wrote another letter: “I wanted to thank you for providing the impetus for so much thought and fun.“ He didnt get the job but, he says, he takes comfort that the job hasnt been filled, “So, I can still dream,“ he adds.I told him the job had been filled by someonebut only after he s
8、aid, “I need to know, because then I can begin to dream of his failure.“_BTEXT B/BAsked what job they would take if they could have any, people unleash their imaginations and dream of exotic places, powerful positions or work that involves alcohol and a paycheck at the same time. Or so youd think.No
9、ne of those appeals to Loft Miller who, as a lead word processor, has to do things that dont seem so dreamy, which include proofreading, spell checking and formatting. But she loves it. “I like and respect nearly all my co-workers, and most of them feel the same way about me,“ she says. “Just a few
10、things would make it a little better,“ she says, including a shorter commute and the return of some great people who used to work there. And one more thing: Shed appreciate if everyone would put their dishes in the dishwasher.Its not a lot to ask for and, it turns out, a surprising number of people
11、dreaming up their dream job dont ask for much. One could attribute it to lack of imagination, setting the bar low or “anchoring,“ the term referring to the place people start and never move far from. One could chalk it up to rationalizing your plight.But maybe people simply like what they do and are
12、nt, as some management would have you believe, asking for too muchjust the elimination of a small but disproportionately powerful amount of office inanity. That may be one reason why two-thirds of Americans would take the same job again “without hesitation“ and why 90% of Americans are at least some
13、what satisfied with their jobs, according to a Gallup Poll.The matters that routinely rank high on a satisfaction scale dont relate to money but “work as a means for demonstrating some sort of responsibility and achievement,“ says Barry Staw, professor of leadership and communication at University o
14、f California, Berkeleys School of Business. “Payeven when its important, its not for what you can buy, its a validatiou of your work and approval.“So, money doesnt interest Elizabeth Gray as much as a level playing field. “I like what I do,“ says the city project manager who once witnessed former co
15、lleagues award a contractor, paid for work he never completed, with the title of “Contractor of the Year“.Thus: “My dream job would be one free of politics,“ she says. “All advancement would be based on merit. The people who really did the work would be the ones who received the credit.“Frank Gastne
16、r has a similar ideal: “VP in charge of destroying inane policies.“ Over the years, hes had to hassle with the simplest of design flaws that would cost virtually nothing to fix were it not for the bureaucracies that entrenched them. So, the retired manufacturers representative says he would address
17、product and process problems with the attitude, “Its not right; lets fix it now without a committee meeting.“Monique Huston actually has her dream joband many tell her its theirs, too. Shes general manager of a pub in Omaha, the Dundee Dell, which boasts 650 single-malt scotches on its menu. She vis
18、its bars, country clubs, peoples homes and Scotland for whiskey tasting. “I stumbled on my passion in life,“ she says.Still, some nights she doesnt feel like drinkingor smiling. “Your face hurts,“ she complains. And when you have your dream job you wonder what in the world youll do next.One of the b
19、ig appeals of a dream job is dreaming about it. Last year, George Reinhart saw an ad for a managing director of the privately owned island of Mustique in the West Indies.He was lured by the salary (SI million) and a climate that beat the one enjoyed by his Boston suburb. A documentary he saw about M
20、nstique chronicled the posh playground for the likes of Mick Jagger and Princess Margaret. He reread Herman Wouks “Dont Stop the Carnival,“ about a publicity agent who leaves his New York job and buys an island hotel. In April of last year, he applied for the job.He heard nothing. So last May, he wr
21、ote another letter: “I wanted to thank you for providing the impetus for so much thought and fun.“ He didnt get the job but, he says, he takes comfort that the job hasnt been filled, “So, I can still dream,“ he adds.I told him the job had been filled by someonebut only after he said, “I need to know
22、, because then I can begin to dream of his failure.“（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage,（分数：1.00）A.many people dont ask for much about their dream job.B.most Americans are not satisfied with their jobs.C.Lori Miller is totally satisfied with her current job.D.Lori Miller is not satisfied with her
23、current job at all.(2).What is the role of the 4th paragraph in the development of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.To show that people dont ask for much about their dream job.B.To show that most people in America are satisfied with their jobs.C.To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraph.D.To pro
24、vide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.(3).The phrase “a level playing field“ in Paragraph 6 means（分数：1.00）A.a field for playing level games.B.a level for playing field games.C.a phenomenon of inequality.D.a platform of fair competition.(4).All the following are mentioned as features of a dream
25、 job EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.demonstrating duty and achievement.B.being free of politics.C.making people dream about it.D.involving alcohol drinking.(5).The passage is mainly about（分数：1.00）A.how people should choose their jobs.B.how to survive workplace politics.C.what peoples dream jobs are like.D.what to
26、 do to have a dream job.4.BTEXT C/BIsrael is a “powerhouse of agricultural technology“, says Abraham Goren of Elbit Imaging (EI), an Israeli multinational. The countrys cows can produce as much as 37 liters of milk a day. In India, by contrast, cows yield just seven liters. Spotting an opportunity,
27、EI is going into the Indian dairy business. It will import 10,000 cows and supply fortified and flavored milk to supermarkets and other buyers.So will EI lap up Indias milk market? Not necessarily. As the Times of India points out, its cows will ruminate less than 100 miles from the headquarters of
28、a formidable local producerthe Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation, otherwise known as Amul. This Farmers Co-operative spans 2.6m members, collects 6.5m liters of milk a day, and boasts one of the longest-running and best-loved advertising campaigns in India. It has already shown “ immens
29、e resilience“ in the face of multinational competition, says Arindam Bhattacharya of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG). Its ice-cream business survived the arrival of Unilever, its chocolate milk has thrived despite Nesti.Indeed, Amul is one of 50 firmsfrom China, India, Brazil, Russia and six other
30、 emerging economiesthat BCG has anointed as “local dynamos“. They are prospering in their home market, are fending off multinational rivals, and are not focused on expanding abroad. BCG discovered many of these firms while drawing up its “global challengers“ list of multinationals from the developin
31、g world. The companies that were venturing abroad most eagerly, it discovered, were not necessarily the most successful at home.Emerging economies are still prey to what Harvards Dani Rodrik has called “export fetishism“. International success remains a firms proudest boast, and with good reason: ec
32、onomists have shown that exporters are typically bigger, more efficient and pay better than their more parochial rivals. “Exporters are better“ was the crisp verdict of a recent review of the data.Countries like India and Brazil were, after all, once secluded backwaters fenced off by high tariffs. P
33、rominent firms idled along on government favors and captive markets. In that era, exporting was a truer test of a companys worth. But as such countries have opened up, their home markets have become more trying places. Withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil may be as impressive a f
34、eat as beating them in global markets.BCG describes some of the ways that feat has been accomplished. Of its 50 dynamos, 41 are in consumer businesses, where they can exploit a more intimate understanding of their compatriots tastes. It gives the example of Col, a Brazilian budget airline, which bet
35、 that its cash-strapped customers would sacrifice convenience and speed for price. Many Col planes therefore depart at odd hours and make several hops to out-of-the-way locations, rather than flying directly.Similarly astute was Indias Titan Industries, which has increased its share of Indias wristw
36、atch market despite the entry of foreign brands such as Timex and Swatch. It understood that Indians, who expect a good price even for old newspapers, do not throw their watches away lightly, and has over 700 after-sales centers that will replace straps and batteries.Exporters tend to be more capita
37、l-intensive than their home-bound peers; they also rely more on skilled labor. Many local dynamos, conversely, take full advantage of the cheap workforce at their disposal. Focus Media, Chinas biggest “out of home“ advertising company, gets messages out on fiat-panel displays in 85,000 locations aro
38、und the country. Those displays could be linked and reprogrammed electronically, but that might fall foul of broadcast regulations. So instead the firms fleet of workers on bicycles replaces the displays discs and flashcards by hand.The list of multinationals resisted or repelled by these dynamos in
39、cludes some of the worlds biggest names: eBay and Google in China; Wal-Mart in Mexico; SAP in Brazil. But Mr. Goren of EI is not too worried about Amul. The market is big enough for everybody, he insists. Nothing, then, is for either company to cry about._BTEXT C/BIsrael is a “powerhouse of agricult
40、ural technology“, says Abraham Goren of Elbit Imaging (EI), an Israeli multinational. The countrys cows can produce as much as 37 liters of milk a day. In India, by contrast, cows yield just seven liters. Spotting an opportunity, EI is going into the Indian dairy business. It will import 10,000 cows
41、 and supply fortified and flavored milk to supermarkets and other buyers.So will EI lap up Indias milk market? Not necessarily. As the Times of India points out, its cows will ruminate less than 100 miles from the headquarters of a formidable local producerthe Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Fed
42、eration, otherwise known as Amul. This Farmers Co-operative spans 2.6m members, collects 6.5m liters of milk a day, and boasts one of the longest-running and best-loved advertising campaigns in India. It has already shown “ immense resilience“ in the face of multinational competition, says Arindam B
43、hattacharya of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG). Its ice-cream business survived the arrival of Unilever, its chocolate milk has thrived despite Nesti.Indeed, Amul is one of 50 firmsfrom China, India, Brazil, Russia and six other emerging economiesthat BCG has anointed as “local dynamos“. They are
44、prospering in their home market, are fending off multinational rivals, and are not focused on expanding abroad. BCG discovered many of these firms while drawing up its “global challengers“ list of multinationals from the developing world. The companies that were venturing abroad most eagerly, it dis
45、covered, were not necessarily the most successful at home.Emerging economies are still prey to what Harvards Dani Rodrik has called “export fetishism“. International success remains a firms proudest boast, and with good reason: economists have shown that exporters are typically bigger, more efficien
46、t and pay better than their more parochial rivals. “Exporters are better“ was the crisp verdict of a recent review of the data.Countries like India and Brazil were, after all, once secluded backwaters fenced off by high tariffs. Prominent firms idled along on government favors and captive markets. I
47、n that era, exporting was a truer test of a companys worth. But as such countries have opened up, their home markets have become more trying places. Withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil may be as impressive a feat as beating them in global markets.BCG describes some of the ways t
48、hat feat has been accomplished. Of its 50 dynamos, 41 are in consumer businesses, where they can exploit a more intimate understanding of their compatriots tastes. It gives the example of Col, a Brazilian budget airline, which bet that its cash-strapped customers would sacrifice convenience and spee
49、d for price. Many Col planes therefore depart at odd hours and make several hops to out-of-the-way locations, rather than flying directly.Similarly astute was Indias Titan Industries, which has increased its share of Indias wristwatch market despite the entry of foreign brands such as Timex and Swatch. It u
