1、专业八级-33 及答案解析(总分：99.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：4，分数：19.00)Having been a student and teacher in China (at Peking and Tsinghua Universities,respectively), I know quite a few Chinese students. Indeed,(1)_ all of them have gone (1)_to the United States to (2)_ their studies. (2)_Like the larger
2、body of Chinese students in the United States-totaling well over 40,000-my friends live across the vast expanse of the American continent, on both coasts and in the states in between. They have chosen fields of study ranging from environmental engineering and public policy to history and Asian studi
3、es. Yet despite the great diversity among these students in terms of their ages, backgrounds, locations,and majors, (3)_ experiences remain. (3)_None are more pronounced that the inability of most Chinese students to effectively immerse themselves in American society. It seems to me that the majorit
4、y of Chinese students in the United States have never made the effort to reach out and embrace American life on its own terms, instead, most share apartments with one or more fellow Chinese students, speaking Chinese and eating Chinese food on a daily basis. In some respects, it is as if these stude
5、nts had never left China. Interactions with Americans tend to be limited to relatively formal, academic settings, such as the classroom or a professors office. Moreover, few Chinese students participate in campus-wide (4)_ activities, (4)_such as athletic matches and dances, which would put them int
6、o contact with a diverse array of American young people. Rather, most limit themselves to taking part in programs arranged by the Chinese Students Association and, naturally, these events are generally linked to uniquely Chinese occasions such as the Spring Festival and National Day. Asa result, eve
7、n Chinese students who have spent years in the United States often difficult to engage American friends in (5)_ conversations about (5)_such subjects as American politics, race relations, and popular music. In short, they lack a “feel“ for the country. Chinese students widely acknowledge this phenom
8、enon even as they maintain differing views as to its cause. Some contend that Chinese have difficulty (6)_ the cultural divide on account of such practical considerations as money. (6)_Because Chinese students come from a developing country and often have to rely on limited scholarship funds for sup
9、port, they argue, Chinese students simply do not have the financial means to more fully participate in the extra-curricular and social activities which would afford them more (7)_ contact with American (and other foreign) students. (7)_The truth is, however, that most American students are just as p
10、oor; it is a common fact of American student life. And in any event, most campus-based social events are (8)_ to meet student needs. (8)_Others believe that the reason Chinese find acculturation difficult is somewhat more complex. Fundamentally, few Chinese see the chance to study in the United Stat
11、es for what it is: a once in lifetime opportunity to get to know another country from the inside. Chinese students typically focus so single-mindedly on their studies that they lose sight of the larger picture, that is, their ultimate role as cultural interpreters between their homeland and the Unit
12、ed States. To be sure, a Chinese students service as an engineer or biologist is(9)_ to Chinas continued economic construction, (9)_but his or her ability to bridge the divide-or often, the perceived divide-between two distinct cultures is perhaps even more important over the long run. Today, only a
13、 small fraction of the Chinese students who have studied in the United States have returned to China, a proof of both the academic and professional success of Chinese students in the United States and the openness of the society in which they found this success. The contributions Chinese students ha
14、ve made to American life are truly striking. Still, I believe that the next generation of Chinese students in the United States-those who will begin the 21st century there-will recognize their crucial function in the process of furthering U. S. -China understanding. They will return to China in (10)
15、_ numbers to contribute to their countrys (10)_ development in unprecedented ways. I only hope that before these students find their way back to China, they find their way into the heart of America.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_BSECTION
16、B/BIQuestions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the conversation you will be give 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview./I（分数：5.00）(1).When did Post office in Britain employ cats?（分数：1.00）A.In 1868B.In 1886C.In 1898D.In 1889.(2).Why were
17、female cats usually employed by the Post Office?（分数：1.00）A.They could work for 24 hours a day.B.They were worse hunters.C.They were more persistent hunters.D.They worked the whole night.(3).What happened to the cats if the number of mice in a post office didnt decline within 6 months?（分数：1.00）A.They
18、 were killed.B.They were punished by not to be given food.C.They had to change job.D.They were dismissed.(4).Why was Lucky awarded the DFC certificate? A. Because of the great amount of rats she caught. B: Because of her good manner. C. Because of her sudden attack on the burglars. D. She served for
19、 16 years.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Does the Post Office still employ cats?（分数：1.00）A.Yes, as fewer than before.B.Yes, but fewer than before.C.Yes, they are not needed any more.D.No, their services are discontinued.BSECTION C/BIQuestion 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item
20、, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The holiday began as a way to honor soldiers killed during _.（分数：1.00）A.Revolutionary WarB.the First World WarC.wars involved AmericaD.the Civil War(2).More than _ are buried in Arlington N
21、ational Cemetery today.（分数：1.00）A.216,000B.206,000C.260,000D.266,000IQuestion 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given I0 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).According to Mr. Verleger, what is the most
22、 important change in the global energy economy in 30 years?（分数：0.40）A.the rapid growth in world oil consumptionB.the rise of China and IndiaC.the construction of new pipelines is becoming more difficultD.the rise of oil price(2).Pakistans prime ministers proposal involved _.（分数：0.40）A.Persian Gulf,
23、Pakistan and ChinaB.Persian Gulf, Pakistan and IndiaC.Pakistan, India and China.D.Persian Gulf and Pakistan_二、BPART READING (总题数：9，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BSince the late 1970s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to impr
24、ove productivity and therefore enhance their international competitiveness through costcutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is definding the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivity- the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input- did not improve
25、; and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement costcutting, the more they lost their com
26、petitive edge. With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies; it became dear to me that the costcutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing regularly observes a“ 40, 40,20“ rule, roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage d
27、erives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional c
28、ostcutting. This rule does not be tried. The well-known tools of this approach- including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harder-do produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute. Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hi
29、nders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathys study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in costcutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting wil
30、l resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured, production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output. This dimension of performance has until recently
31、sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny pinching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementinga manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy
32、 facturing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-
33、cutting approach, within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a different way
34、 of managing.（分数：4.00）(1).The author of the passage is primarily concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.summarizing a thesisB.recommending a different approachC.comparing points of viewD.making a series of predictions(2).The authors attitude toward the culture is most factories in best described as _.（分数：1.00）
35、A.cautiousB.criticalC.disinterestedD.respectful(3).in the passage, the author includes all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.a business principleB.a definition of productivityC.an example of a successful companyD.an illustration of a process technology.(4).The author suggests that implementing ma
36、nufacturing competitiveness is a strategy that is _.（分数：1.00）A.flawed and ruinousB.shortsighted and difficult to sustainC.popular and easily accomplishedD.useful but inadequate1.BTEXT B/BAt last her efforts bore fruit. Burton was appointed to Santos, in Brazil, where Isabel might also go. They made
37、their farewell rounds and Isabel learnt Portuguese while she packed up. At Lisbon three-inch cockroaches seethed about the floor of their room. Isabel was caught off her guard, but Burton was brutal,“ I suppose you think you look very pretty, standing on that chair and howling at those innocent crea
38、tures.“ Isabels reaction was typical. She reflected that of course he was right; if she had to live in a country full of such creatures, and worse, she had better pull herself together. She got down and started lashing out with a slipper. In two hours she had got a bag of ninety-seven.On arrival in
39、Brazil she found that Portuguese fauna had been nothing. Now there were spiders, as big as crabs. In the matter of tropical diseases it seems to have ranked with darkest Africa; there were slaves, too, and in a society where men drank brandy for breakfast, no one condemned the habit of chaining mad
40、slave to the roof-top as a sort of domestic pet, or clown. There was cholera too, and the less dramatic but agonizing local boils, “so close you could not put a pin through them.“The Emperor found the new Consul and his wife a great addition to the country, and once again Burtons wonderful conversat
41、ion held his audience spellbound. But chic Brazilians looked askance at Isabel wading barefoot in the streams, bottling snakes, painting and doing up a ruined chapel, or accompanying Richard on expeditions to the virgin interior. There were gymnastics and cold baths, and Mass and market,“ helping Ri
42、chard with Literature“ (his writing was always in capitals to her) and the wearisome pages of Foreign Office reports she was always so loyal and dutiful in copying out for him.About now, a note of sadness creeps into Isabels letters home. We sense an immense loneliness behind the courage with which
43、she always faced life. Richard was going through a particularly trying phase. The explorer was dying hard, strangled in office tape. He would cut loose and disappear for weeks at a time, returning as bitter and restless as when he left. It was she who held everything together and kept up the facade,
44、 both with the Foreign Office, who were constantly making the most awkward enquiries, and the local society, who were equally curious. There were few diversions for her.Richard preferred discussing metaphysics and astronomy with the Capuchin monks to going to the local dances. She was learning now t
45、o be self-sufficient, to manage, unobtrusively, the practical side of their lives, and to rough it, both physically and emotionally. She had to combine the shadow-like devotion of the Oriental woman with a fighting spirit seldom found in women, and certainly not in most Victorian women._BTEXT B/BAt
46、last her efforts bore fruit. Burton was appointed to Santos, in Brazil, where Isabel might also go. They made their farewell rounds and Isabel learnt Portuguese while she packed up. At Lisbon three-inch cockroaches seethed about the floor of their room. Isabel was caught off her guard, but Burton wa
47、s brutal,“ I suppose you think you look very pretty, standing on that chair and howling at those innocent creatures.“ Isabels reaction was typical. She reflected that of course he was right; if she had to live in a country full of such creatures, and worse, she had better pull herself together. She got down and started lashing out with a slipper. In two hours she had got a bag of ninety-seven.On arrival in Brazil she found that Po
