1、专业八级-30 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)IComplete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to you
2、r notes./IBAttending a College or University in the USA/BEach year, many foreign students wish to go to the colleges and universities in the USA to pursue their study. In order to realize their dreams, they should make careful preparations and know more about colleges and universities there.B. The 1
3、st Step-Visit an American Educational Advising Center/BA. more than 400 offices all over the worldB. log on to the Internet and find the U U 1 /U /U U 1 /U_C. go to the State Department Education Foreign Student Web pageD. get some information from the US embassyB. Colleges and Universities in the U
4、nited States-Offer Different Kinds of/BU U 2 /U /U U 2 /U_ A. some schools certificate programs-one year of training in subjects like office work, U U 3 /U /Uor car repair U 3 /U_ B. junior college or community college-an associate degree-two-year programs such as the one that prepares students for
5、skilled jobs in U U 4 /U /UU 4 /U_C. colleges or universities-a bachelors degree-four-year study in general subjects like English, history, mathematics, and science as well as U U 5 /U /Uduring the last two years U 5 /U_D. graduate schools-a masters degree-two or three years of study in one subject-
6、for those who want to be U U 6 /U /U, medical doctor or lawyer, they U 6 /U_ should have three and six years of additional studyB. The Difference Between Colleges and Universities/BA. college students-four years-a bachelors degree when completing study successfully -no U U 7 /U /U U 7 /U_-no support
7、 for research projects-study onU U 8 /U /U(train a persons mind) U 8 /U_-one area of studyB. university students-four years; additional years-a bachelors degree; a graduate degree-several programs in many areas of study-do researchB. A Way to Get a Degree-Stay at Home and Use a Computer/BA. online c
8、lasses-two advantages: dont have to travel; haveU U 9 /U /U U 9 /U_B. colleges that offer academic degrees online-Jones International University: offers both bachelors degrees andU U 10 /U /U U 10 /U_-The University of Phoenix-Cardean University: offers a masters of Business Administration degreePle
9、ase move on to Section B Interview. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)I In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question
10、on your answer sheet./II Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview./I （分数：5.00）(1).According to the news, most poor people cannot do all of the following EXCEPT A. g
11、rowing enough food. B. feeding their families. C. buying enough necessities. D. feeding their fowl.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The reason for the 800 million people going to bed hungry is that A. there is no enough food for everyone. B. they have no access to grow or buy food. C. they are lazy and dont wan
12、t to grow food. D. they are used to receiving others aid.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT a task of WFP as a humanitarian relief organization? A. Communicate with donors. B. Assess the beneficiaries needs. C. Get food to the right people. D. Contact regional authorities.（分数：1.00）A.
13、B.C.D.(4).According to Ms. Bertini, in the mission to end hunger, women play A. a decisive role. B. a minor role. C. an important role. D. no role at all.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The greatest challenge in delivering food to people who need it is to A. raise the resources and delivering food to poor peop
14、le. B. convince people to contribute more food and money. C. help people improve their well-being over the long term. D. devote more energy to those who are still most at risk.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)I In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and the
15、n answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet./II Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news./I （分数：5.00）(1).Who was taken
16、 hostage in one of Brazils most dangerous jails? A. The prisoners relatives. B. The prisoners friends. C. The officials of the jail. D. The guards of the jail.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the news, the incident happened mainly because of A. the maltreatment of the inmates. B. the poor living co
17、nditions. C. the transfer of a gang leader. D. the sentence of a murderer.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).I Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./I The Kurdistan Freedom Falcons carried out an explosi
18、on in Istanbul because they were A. willing to resume its armed campaign against the Turkish government. B. anxious to prevent a rebel leader from being sentenced to death. C. dissatisfied with detention conditions of a Kurdish rebel leader. D. eager to declare a unilateral fire and attack Turkish c
19、ivilians.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).I Question 9 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./I As to counter terrorism on Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco, US Secretary of Defense A. showed his worry. B. showed h
20、is concern. C. expressed his doubt. D. expressed his satisfaction.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).I Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./I The Awami League returned to parliament aiming to A. pr
21、event against electoral scandals. B. push through electoral reform proposals. C. defeat the ruling party and come into power. D. participate in parliamentaly debates.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)“The landscape seen from our windows is certainly charmi
22、ng, “said Annabel; “those cherry orchards and green meadows, and the river winding along the valley, and the church tower peeping out among the elms, they all make a most effective picture. Theres something dreadfully sleepy and languorous about it, though; stagnation seems to be the dominant note.
23、Nothing ever happens here; seedtime and harvest, an occasional outbreak of measles or a mildly destructive thunderstorm, and a little election excitement about once in five years, that is all that we have to modify the monotony of our existence. Rather dreadful, isnt it?“On the contrary, “said Matit
24、da, “I find it soothing and restful; but then, you see, Ive lived in countries where things do happen, ever so many at a time, when youre not ready for them happening all at once. “That, of course, makes a difference, “said Annabel.“I have never forgotten, “said Matilda, “the occasion when the Bisho
25、p of Bequar paid us an unexpected visit; he was on his way to lay the foundation-stone of a mission-house or something of the sort. “I thought that out there you were always prepared for emergency guests turning up, “said Annabel.“I was quite prepared for half a dozen Bishops, “said Matilda, “but it
26、 was rather disconcerting to find out after a little conversation that this particular one was a distant cousin of mine, belonging to a branch of the family that had quarreled bitterly and offensively with our branch about a Crown Derby dessert service; they got it, and we ought to have got it, in s
27、ome legacy, or else we got it and they thought they ought to have it, I forget which; anyhow, I know they behaved disgracefully.“It was rather trying, but you could have left your husband to do most of the entertaining. “My husband was fifty miles up-country, talking sense, or what he imagined to be
28、 sense, to a village community that fancied one of their leading men was a were-tiger.“A what tiger ?“ “A were-tiger; youve heard of were-wolves, havent you, a mixture of wolf and human being and demon? Well, in those parts they have were-tigers, or think they have, and I must say that in this case,
29、 so far as sworn, and uncontested evidence went, they had every ground for thinking so. However, as we gave up witchcraft prosecutions about three hundred years ago, we dont like to have other people keeping on our discarded practices; it doesnt seem respectful to our mental and moral position.“ “I
30、hope you werent unkind to the Bishop, “said Annabel. “Well, of course he was my guest, so I had to be outwardly polite to him, but he was tactless enough to rake up the incidents of the old quarrel, and to try to make out that there was something to be said for the way his side of the family had beh
31、aved; even if there was, which I dont for a moment admit, my house was not the place in which to say it. I didnt argue the matter, but I gave my cook a holiday to go and visit his aged parents some ninety miles away. The emergency cook was not a specialist in curries, in fact, I dont think cooking i
32、n any shape or form could have been one of his strong points. I believe he originally came to us in the guise of a gardener, but as we never pretended to have anything that could be considered a garden he was utilised as assistant goatherd, in which capacity, I understand, he gave every satisfaction
33、. When the Bishop heard that I had sent away the cook on a special and unnecessary holiday he saw the inwardness of the manoeuvre, and from that moment we were scarcely on speaking terms. If you have ever had a Bishop with whom you were not on speaking terms staying in your house, you will appreciat
34、e the situation.“Annabel confessed that her life-story had never included such a disturbing experience.（分数：6.00）(1).All of the following adjectives describe Annabels impression of the landscape EXCEPT A. languid. B. repressive. C. enchanting. D. boring.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following sta
35、tements is NOT true of Matilda? A. She enjoys the peace of the place where she is. B. The visit of a Bishop left a deep impression on her. C. Her life story is quite different from Annabels. D. She is on good terms with a lot of Bishops.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When the Bishop of Bequar called on Matild
36、a, she felt quite A. hectic. B. distraught. C. disturbed. D. pious.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following can we infer from the passage? A. Many people tend to practice witchcraft. B. Matildas husband knows the visiting Bishop. C. Matildas husband may be one of the priesthood. D. Matilda doesnt
37、 believe that there are were-tigers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The phrase “rake up“ in the seventh paragraph probably refers to A. bring to light. B. keep away from. C. chatter on about. D. keep dark.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What do we know about the emergency cook from the passage? A. His parents lived ninet
38、y miles away. B. He did well in tending Matildas livestock. C. He had planned to work as a cook in Matildas. D. He cooked a dish with curries for the Bishop.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)People do not have secret trolleys at the supermarket, so how can it be a violation of their privacy
39、 if a grocer sells their purchasing habits to a marketing firm? If they walk around in public view, what harm can cameras recording their movements cause? A company is paying them to do a job, so why should it not read their e-mails when they are at work?How, what and why, indeed. Yet, in all these
40、situations, most people feel a sense of unease. The technology for gathering, storing, manipulating and sharing information has become part of the scenery, but there is little guidance on how to resolve the conflicts created by all the personal data now washing around.A group of computer scientists
41、at Stanford University, led by John. Mitchell, has started to address the problem in a novel way. Instead of relying on rigid (and easily programmable) codes of what is and is not acceptable, Dr. Mitchell and his colleagues Adam Barth and Anupam Datta have turned to a philosophical theory called con
42、textual integrity. This theory acknowledges that people do not require complete privacy. They will happily share information with others as long as certain social norms are met. Only when these norms are contravened-for example, when your psychiatrist tells the personnel department all about your co
43、nsultation-has your privacy been invaded. The team think contextual integrity can be used to express the conventions and laws surrounding privacy in the formal vernacular of a computer language.Contextual integrity, which was developed by Helen Nissenbaum of New York University, relies on four class
44、es of variable. These are the context of a flow of information, the capacities in which the individuals sending and receiving the information are acting, the types of information involved, and what she calls the “principle of transmission“.It is the fourth of these variables that describes the basis
45、 on which information flows. Someone might, for example, receive information under the terms of a commercial exchange, or because he deserves it, or because someone chose to share it with him, or because it came to him as a legal right, or because he promised to keep it secret. These are all example
46、s of transmission principles.Dr. Nissenbaum has been working with Mr. Barth to turn these wordy descriptions of the variables of contextual integrity into formal expressions that can be incorporated into computer programs. The tool Mr. Barth is employing to effect this transition is linear temporal
47、logic, a system of mathematical logic that can express detailed constraints on the past and the future.Linear temporal logic is an established discipline. It is, for example, used to test safety critical systems, such as aeroplane flight controls. The main difference between computer programs based on linear temporal logic and those using other sorts of programming language is that t
