1、专业八级-260 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BThe Rise of RP/B BHistorical reasons/B Received Pronunciation (RP) was originally associated with a (1)_ spoken in the region (1)_ between central England and London, including Oxford and Cambridge. Its survival was due to its u
2、se by the (2)_ (2)_ in the 14lh century and by university students in tile (3)_Ages. (3)_ Its rise in importance resulted from its application in government and official documents. The prestige of its (4)_ pattern of (4)_ pronunciation came about with its use in (5)_schools (5)_ in the 19th century.
3、 As a result, its (6)_is accepted by Television (6)_ and the radio, the professions and teaching English as a foreign language. BThree characteristics of RP/B 1) its speakers dont regard themselves as connected with any geographical region; 2) RP is largely used in England; 3) RP is a “class“ accent
4、, associated with (7)_ (7)_ social classes BIts present status/B Decline in the prestige of RP is the result of a) loss of monopoly of education by the privileged; b) (8)_of higher education in the post-war (8)_ period. However, it still retains its eminence among certain professional people. There
5、is a rise in the status of all (9)_ac (9)_ cents. We are moving towards the (10)_position: (10)_ general acceptance of all regional accents and absence of a class accent that transcends all regions.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分
6、数：5.00)I Questions I to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the inter view you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. /I（分数：5.00）(1).Employees ill the US are paid for their time. This means that they are supposed to_.（分数：1.00）A.wo
7、rk hard while their boss is aroundB.come to work when there is work to be doneC.work with initiative and willingnessD.work through their lunch break(2).One of the advantages of flexible working hours is that（分数：1.00）A.pressure from work can be reducedB.working women can have more time al, homeC.traf
8、fic and commuting problems can be solvedD.personal relationships in offices can be improved(3).On the issue of working contracts in the US, which statement is NOT correct ?（分数：1.00）A.Performance at work matters more than anything else.B.There are laws protecting employees working rights.C.Good reaso
9、ns must be provided in order to fire workers.D.Working contracts in the US are mostly short-term ones.(4).It can be assumed from the interview that an informal atmosphere might be found in（分数：1.00）A.small firmsB.major banksC.big corporationsD.law offices(5).The interview is mainly about_ in the USA.
10、（分数：1.00）A.office hierarchiesB.office conditionsC.office rulesD.office life三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.According to the news item, which of the following has NOT been mentioned as a reason to cast doubt on the suicide theory.（分数：1.00）A.The bombers bought return tickets from Luton to London.B.The
11、bombers were masterminded by al Qaeda Islamist militants.C.The explosives were not fastened to the bombers.D.Two of the bombers were father-to-be.I Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the
12、news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The reconstruction of the war-wrecked, bridge was considered to be symbol of all of the following EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.coexistenceB.environmental protectionC.international cooperationD.reconciliation(2).So far 821 protected sites scatter across _ countries.（分数：1.00）A.21B.24C.137D.160
13、I Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).European Union parliamentarians have a/an _toward the coming parliamentary election in Afghanistan.（分数：1.00）A.indifferentB.op
14、timisticC.pessimisticD.uncertain(2).According In Elmer Brok, a parliamentarian from Germany, _is of, utmost importance to Afghanistans development.（分数：1.00）A.a free and air parliamentary electionB.national stability and securityC.tile fight against drag tradeD.tile fight against terrorism四、BPART REA
15、DING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BWhat might driving un an automated highway he like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are un the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The
16、second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated m manually driven cars. A special-purpose Jane sys tem would require more extensive physical modifications to existing high ways, hut it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under eith
17、er scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching tile automated highway. If a mixed traffic system way was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on
18、suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp. As the driver approached tile point of entry for tile highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically che
19、ek the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this ease, the transition from manual to automated control would t
20、ake place on the en trance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition“ lane. The vehicle would then shift trader computer control onto a l
21、ane re served for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespassers could be swiftly identified by authorities. )Either approach to joining a lane, of automated traffic would harmonize the, movement of newly entering
22、vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties rent potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had set tied into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.（分数：
23、4.00）(1).We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated high ways_.（分数：1.00）A.my being plannedB.are being modifiedC.are now in wide useD.are under construction(2).A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that_.（分数：1.00）A.it would require only minor changes to existi
24、ng highwaysB.it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiencyC.it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehiclesD.it offers more lanes for automated vehicles(3).Which of tile following is tree about driving on an automated high way ?（分数：1.00）A.Vehicles traveling on it are ass
25、igned different lanes according to their destinations.B.A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.C.The driver should inform his car computer of his destination be fore driving onto it.D.The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.(4).We know from
26、the passage that a car can enter a special-purpose lane_.（分数：1.00）A.by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional laneB.by way of a ramp with electronic control devicesC.through a specially guarded gateD.after all trespassers are identified and removedBTEXT B/BThe destruction of our natural reso
27、urces and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives aid friendly persuasion hav
28、e been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delaysnot only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax in centives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is
29、 industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.We are being asked,
30、 and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environ mental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environ mental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral c
31、hange. However, it is those of us who are paid to make tile decisions to develop, improve and enforce environ mental standards, I submit, who must lead the change.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no
32、longer afford to be Utunnel-visioned/U in our approach. We must visualize is sues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must ex press our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continu
33、e to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these t
34、hree goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to send pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.（分数：4.00）(1).we can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmen
35、tal protection chiefly because_.（分数：1.00）A.they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doingB.they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interestsC.time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itD.it is difficult for them to take effective measures(2).The main task now fac
36、ing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is_.（分数：1.00）A.to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasionB.to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC.to take radical measures to control environmental pollutionD.to improve the q
37、uality of life by enforcing environmental standards(3).The underlined word “tunnel-visioned“ (Para. 4) most probably means_.（分数：1.00）A.narrow-mindedB.blind to the factsC.short-sightedD.able to see only one aspect(4).Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the
38、 solution of environmental problems?（分数：1.00）A.Legislation and government intervention.B.The industrys understanding and support.C.The efforts of environmental health professionals.D.The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.BTEXT C/BThe newspaper must provide for t
39、he reader objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts.However, the opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor should confine himself to the “fact“. This insistence raises a question
40、: What are the facts.?As to the first question, consider how a so-called “factual“ story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then
41、 he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece (This is an important decision because many readers do nut proceed beyond the first paragraph). This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one,
42、where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. This is Judgment Number Three.Thus, iii tire presentation of a so-called “factual“ or “objective“ story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in whic
43、h reporter and editor, calling upon their research resources, their general background, and their “news neutralism“, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its inter pretation, are both objective rather than subjective proces
44、sesas objective, that is, as any human being can be. If an editor is intent on Uslanting the news/U, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of these facts that support his particular excuse. Or he can do it by the play he gives a storypr
45、omoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.（分数：4.00）(1).The passage is mainly about_.（分数：1.00）A.interpreting the newsB.writing objectivelyC.presenting factual storiesD.choosing facts(2).The writer of an article selects ten out of fifty available facts (Para. 2) because_.（分数：1.00）A.space is
46、 limitedB.he has to be objectiveC.the subject is not importantD.he wants to simplify a complex story(3).The author makes it clear that_.（分数：1.00）A.writers should limit themselves to factsB.reporters tend to slant their storiesC.editors control what the reporters writeD.even news presentation involve
47、s personal judgment(4).The underlined expression “slanting the news“ (Para. 5) most probably means_.（分数：1.00）A.publishing tile newsB.making some judgment on itC.expressing a certain position in itD.writing the news like an essayBTEXT D/BIt is said that the public and Congressional concern about dece
48、ptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrate
