1、专业八级-247 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：60.00)Structure of the Canadian Government. Introduction A. Canadian government system being thought to imitate British system Canada“s government system being often called 1 democracy Canada hav
2、ing much in common with other 2 B. Differences coexisting with similarities between Canadian and British systems because Canada being a huge but 3 country . Official head The 4 being the official head of the state Both being only 5 leaders . System of Government Canada being a federation with each 6
3、 having much power 7 being the government for the whole nation a combination of federalism with a British system British system being preferred to American system mainly because the latter being considered 8 . Parliament A. Two parts: a lower house: the House of Commons 9 : the Senate B. MPs represe
4、nt particular 10 C. Electoral districts being determined by its population instead of 11 disadvantage: a(n) 12 existing between densely-populated provinces and sparsely-settled regions D. The Prime Ministerthe most important person in Canadian government the leader of the 13 in the parliament choosi
5、ng the Cabinet, whose members are responsible for different areas E. The Senate being appointed by the 14 sharing more similarity with the 15 in the UK Senators more equally being chosen from each region （分数：60.00）填空项 1:_三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.Mood and feeling.B.Stress copi
6、ng ability.C.Way of thinking.D.Depth of thinking.A.Chocolate.B.Pizza.C.Thai food.D.Fish.A.It has protein in brain.B.It is full of fats.C.It is free of vitamin D.D.Eating it makes us happy.A.Because it can get the protein into the brain.B.Because it has various tastes to entertain people.C.Because pe
7、ople just like to eat them.D.Because to chew it can improve neurotransmitter levels in the brain.A.Potatoes, cereals and fish.B.Fruits and vegetables.C.Milk and dairy products.D.Crunchy foods.（分数：20.00）A.Foods with healthy fat.B.Dairy products.C.Alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks.D.Foods rich in pro
8、tein and vitamin B6.A.Objective.B.Subjective.C.Oppositive.D.Critical.A.Liquid like water.B.Eggs and soy.C.Chocolate.D.Coffee and tea.A.Potatoes.B.Egg yolk.C.Cereals.D.Tea.A.How does food have effect on people“s mood?B.What kind of food can make people happy?C.What can be eaten to benefit people“s He
9、alth?D.How does food make people energetic?专业八级-247 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：60.00)Structure of the Canadian Government. Introduction A. Canadian government system being thought to imitate British system Canada“s government system
10、 being often called 1 democracy Canada having much in common with other 2 B. Differences coexisting with similarities between Canadian and British systems because Canada being a huge but 3 country . Official head The 4 being the official head of the state Both being only 5 leaders . System of Govern
11、ment Canada being a federation with each 6 having much power 7 being the government for the whole nation a combination of federalism with a British system British system being preferred to American system mainly because the latter being considered 8 . Parliament A. Two parts: a lower house: the Hous
12、e of Commons 9 : the Senate B. MPs represent particular 10 C. Electoral districts being determined by its population instead of 11 disadvantage: a(n) 12 existing between densely-populated provinces and sparsely-settled regions D. The Prime Ministerthe most important person in Canadian government the
13、 leader of the 13 in the parliament choosing the Cabinet, whose members are responsible for different areas E. The Senate being appointed by the 14 sharing more similarity with the 15 in the UK Senators more equally being chosen from each region （分数：60.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Westminster-style）解析： Westmins
14、ter-style 听力原文 Structure of Canadian GovernmentGood afternoon, everyone. Today we“ll be continuing our discussion of the Canadian government, with the focus on its structure. As a former British colony, Canada“s system of government was based on the British system of parliamentary democracy. This is
15、 often referred to as “Westminster-style“ democracy, named after the British House of Commons. Like other colonies like New Zealand and Australia, many Canadian laws, political practices and customs were brought from the “Old Country“ and adapted to the different conditions of the new country. At fi
16、rst glance, the similarity between British and Canadian political conditions are great; but when we look more closely, we can see important differences which have arisen from the experience of governing a huge but sparsely populated country. We“ll divide our discussion into three parts: the official
17、 head, the Canadian system of government and the Canadian parliament. Now, first, the official head of Canada. Like Britain, Canada is a monarchy. The official head of state is the Queen, who is also the Queen of Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand and other former British colonies. The Queen is C
18、anada“s queen in her own right; if, for example, Britain decided to become a republic, the Queen would still be the Queen of Canada. Because she does not live in Canada, she is represented by an official called a Governor General. When heads of state visit Canada, they will first be greeted by the G
19、overnor General, before being welcomed by the Prime Minister. Both the Queen and the Governor General occupy roles which are largely ceremonial. Most Canadians would be unable to tell you the name of the current Governor General, or identify him or her in a picture. And while the Queen and her famil
20、y are regarded with affection by most Canadians, the monarchy as such bears little relevance to the governing of modern Canada. We see that Canada and Britain have the same official head of state. Then, what is special about the Canadian government as compared against the British government? This br
21、ings us to the second part of our discussion, the system of government. The biggest difference between Canada and the UK is that Canada is a federationthat is, it has ten provinces and two territories, each with their own government, which have joined to form one country. The government of the whole
22、 country is referred to as the “federal government“, to distinguish it from the lower level governments of each province. These provinces all have a great deal of power in relation to the federal government. Canada was the first political community to combine federalism with a British system of gove
23、rnment, a model which was later applied to other areas in the British Commonwealth, notably in Australia, Malaysia, Nigeria and Indialarge countries with powerful regional and ethnic divisions. Canada“s founding fathers of Confederation, who, between 1864 and 1867, had to decide what sort of governm
24、ent the new country was to have, chose the British model of government over the model being enacted in the United States. The American system was characterized by “checks and balances“ on political power. In Contrast, the founding fathers preferred the British system because they wanted a strong cen
25、tral government. The British model offered “strength, order and authority“, which they thought was preferable to the weakness of the American system. In the American system, the President and the Congress frequently battle over policy. Finally, we“ll talk about the Canadian Parliament. The Canadian
26、Parliament is divided into a lower house, the House of Commons, and an upper house called the Senate. Canadians vote in elections for people they want to represent them in the House of Commons. These Members of Parliament(MPs) each fill a “seat“ in the House of Commons, which represents a particular
27、 electoral district. Electoral districts are based on population rather than geographic size, so there are more MPs from urban areas and very few from the sparsely settled, wilder regions of Canada“s. The House of Commons contains about three hundred seats. Because most of the Canadian population is
28、 concentrated in Ontario and Quebec, these two provinces have the most seats, and therefore the most power in the House of Commons. This has caused a lot of trouble because the provinces with smaller populations feel they are not adequately listened to by “Central Canada“. For example, in the 1997 e
29、lection, because of its large population, Ontario elected one hundred and three MPs, whereas the prairie provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba each only had fourteen MPs. As is the case in Britain, MPs generally all belong to political parties. The party that wins the most seats forms the governmen
30、t; the party leader becomes Prime Minister, and so, like in the UK, the most important person in Canadian government is the Prime Minister. The Cabinet, chosen by the Prime Minister, consists of senior MPs from the governing party. They are usually given particular areas of responsibility, like exte
31、rnal affairs, multiculturalism, or health and education. The Senate, the upper house, is not elected. It is appointed by the Governor General, who acts on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The Senate is not like the US Senate, but analogous to the House of Lords in the UK, although the Lords
32、 can earn their seat by right of birth as well as by being appointed. TO balance the fact that the Commons is dominated by MPs from populous Ontario and Quebec, senators are, by tradition, picked to represent the regions more equally. Well, today we have covered the structure of the Canadian Governm
33、ent in terms of three aspects: the official head, the Canadian system of government and the Canadian parliament. You are expected to read the recommended material after class. Next week“s lecture will be focused on Canadian Prime Ministers. 考点 本题设题点在定义概念处。 根据听力原文可知，加拿大的政府体系是基于英国议会制民主政府而建立的，因此常被称为“威斯
34、敏斯特式”的民主政府，故答案为 Westminster-style，注意首字母大写。 解析： colonies 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，与其他殖民地如新西兰、澳大利亚一样，很多加拿大的法律、政治条例和习俗都来源于“旧国家”，而他们正在适应“新国家”的不同情况，所以填 colonies。 解析： sparsely populated 考点 本题设题点在转折处。 根据听力原文可知，加拿大地域广阔，人口相对稀少，这使得加拿大的政治体系在仿效英国体系的同时，与英国存在很大差别，故答案为 sparsely populated。 解析： Queen 考点 本题设题点在原因解释处。 根据
35、听力原文可知，和英国一样，加拿大的女王是国家元首，故答案为 Queen。这里要注意作为专有名词，单词的首字母须大写。 解析： ceremonial 考点 本题设题点在定语从句处。 根据听力原文可知，女王和总督都只是行使礼仪方面的职能，故答案为 ceremonial。 解析： province and territory 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，加拿大与英国的最大不同在于加拿大是联邦制就是说，它有 10 个省、两个区，而每一个省、区由都有自己的政府，这些政府组成了一个国家，所以填 province and territory。 解析： federal government 考
36、点 本题设题点在定义概念处。 根据听力原文可知，为了与各个省级政府区别开来，国家政府被称为“联邦政府”，故答案为 federal government。 解析： weak 考点 本题设题点在定语从句处。 根据听力原文可知，加拿大政府的奠基者认为英国的政治体系比美国的更可取，因为后者太过软弱，缺乏权威，故答案为 weak。 解析： an upper house 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，加拿大议会制分为两部分：一是较低一级的众议院；二是较高一级的上议院，所以填an upper house，注意此处用不定冠词 an。 解析： electoral districts 考点 本题考查
37、重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，这些议会成员在众议院中占有“席位”，他们代表着某一个选区，所以填 electoral districts。 解析： geographic size 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，选区是由人口而不是由面积来决定的，故答案为 geographic size。 解析： imbalance/inequality 考点 本题设题点在原因解释处。 根据听力原文可知，选区视人口多少而定的政策使得人口密度较大的安大略省和魁北克省占据了众议院的多数席位，而人口较少的省份觉得加拿大高层对它们不够重视，所以可概括为 imbalance 或者inequality。 解析：
38、dominant party 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，占据议会席位最多的党派就组建成政府，而其领导人就成为总理，故答案为dominant party。 解析： Governor General考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，上议院由总督任命，总督主要负责推荐首相人选，所以填 Governor General。 解析： House of Lords 考点 本题设题点在转折处。 根据听力原文可知，加拿大参议院不同于美国的参议院，而是与英国的上议院类似，故答案为 House of Lords，注意 H 和 L 都要大写。 三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题
39、数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.Mood and feeling.B.Stress coping ability.C.Way of thinking.D.Depth of thinking. 解析：听力原文 M: Finding comfort in food. Eating the right dishes can lift our spirits and swallow up stress. Well, here with more on how food affects our mood is Doctor Susan Kleiner, a nutritionist,
40、and the author of the Good Mood Diet. Susan, good morning. W: Good morning, Kim Bold. M: So I“m very curious about this. Are there foods that actually have happy chemicals in them? W: Oh, absolutely. You know, how we feel, how we cope with stress, how we think, how clearly we think are all directly
41、affected by the foods that we eat. M: OK. We actually went out and asked people what foods they ate in order to make themselves happy. And they said that some kinds of food do make them happy, such as chocolate, Pizza, Thai food and etc. As for me, Pizza would be my happy food. But those aren“t the
42、foods that actually make you happy. Right? W: Well, it could be. You know, both of those are part of it. But there are foods that really directly affect our brain with certain chemicals. Fish is really a big happy food. It“s got protein in brain, and it is free of fats and full of vitamin D. All of
43、those help raise our neural chemistry and that makes us feel happy. Potatoes, cereals, great carps actually get the protein into the brain. Fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products, all are great for raising mood. And crunchy foods, like popcorn, are fabulous for making us feel happy. M: Why i
44、s it so? W: The actual chewing mechanism raises neurotransmitter levels in the brain. So combining all these together creates wonderful combinations. For instance, potatoes with chili on top even. Those are great combinations. M: OK. Then you got a very happy dinner, right? W: Yes. M: OK. Let“s talk
45、 about stressed-out food or foods that you do tend to eat when you“re stressed. People interviewed said that they might prefer anything salty, or a piece of chocolate, or even some kind of drinks. Well, as far as you are concerned, what are the real stress busters? Which aspect(s) of human is/are NO
46、T influenced by food? 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，我们所吃的食物能够直接影响我们的感受、处理压力的方式、思维方式及思维的清晰度，因此 D 为正确答案。A.Chocolate.B.Pizza. C.Thai food.D.Fish.解析：听力原文 What“s Kim“s favorite food to make himself happy? 本题设题点在信息列举处。根据听力原文可知，金姆调查的人群认为有些食物能让他们感到快乐，比如巧克力、披萨，泰国菜等，对于金姆自己而言，披萨是能令他开心的食物，因此 B 为正确答案。A.It has protein in bra
47、in.B.It is full of fats.C.It is free of vitamin D. D.Eating it makes us happy.解析：听力原文 Which of the following is INCORRECT about fish? 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，鱼脑含有蛋白质，没有脂肪而且富含维生素 D，由于具有这些成分，所以吃鱼会使人开心，因此 C 为正确答案。A.Because it can get the protein into the brain.B.Because it has various tastes to entertain peo
48、ple.C.Because people just like to eat them.D.Because to chew it can improve neurotransmitter levels in the brain. 解析：听力原文 Why can popcorn make us feel happy? 本题设题点在原因解释处。根据听力原文可知，吃土豆、谷物和大鲤鱼而不是爆米花能让人开心是因为这些食物能让人类的大脑获得蛋白质，故排除 A；根据听力原文可知，松脆的食物，比如爆米花，能令人们感到开心，原因是咀嚼机制能提高大脑中的神经传递素水平，因此 D 为正确答案，同时排除 B 和 C。
49、A.Potatoes, cereals and fish.B.Fruits and vegetables.C.Milk and dairy products. D.Crunchy foods.解析：听力原文 Which of the following foods can make people happy? 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，奶类制品有助于提升情绪，使人们高兴起来，因此 C 为正确答案。（分数：20.00）A.Foods with healthy fat.B.Dairy products.C.Alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. D.Foods rich in protein and vitamin B6.解析：听力原文 W: Well. Healthy fats, believe it or not, are great for coping with stress, such as nuts, seeds, olive, olive oil and etc. A
