1、专业八级-243 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Food and Fitness: the American Obsession Americans seem to be always in a hurry, which has become one (1) 1 _ _as national impatience. This impatience is not only obvious in the streets, but also evident in American eating habits
2、. The (2)._ 2 _ thst food chains like McDonalds and Kentucky, which can offer fast serv- ice, can best express this impatience. As for the popularity of these fast food chains, “fast“ and“ instant“ are the very reasons. The salad bar fulfils the first (3) _ very well 3 _ and is thus welcomed. “Take
3、Out“ food as an instant meal can be taken wherever you like, so it is very popular in American and have actually be- 4 _ come an American way of life. To heat the instant food, another invention to (4) _ the speed is the microwave oven. 5 _ Americans eat abundant food in such an instant way that the
4、y tend to 6 _ be (5) _. As a result, Americans become (6) _ in an- other problem - keeping beautiful and fit. Thus business to meet these needs, like books on diets and fitness, and Weight Watchers, develops 7 _ very quickly and has made very great profits. Apart from being (7) _, people would also
5、like a firm body and a young appearance, therefore, exercise has become another fixation in 8 _ the last 10 years. Many people, young or old, take exercises very serious- ly. And both outdoor exercise and indoor exercise are very popular, and to meet the (8) _ need of exercise a full line of exercis
6、e equipment 9 _ is invented and offered. It seems that Americans have spent no little time on diets and fitness, but how is it so many Americans (9) _ fat? Thats perhaps one of the (10) _ of American society. However, facing to all kinds of 10 _ temptations, the optimistic Americans are slowly adapt
7、ing the way they eat and live for a longer and healthier life.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).From the content of the conversation, where does this interview take place?（分数：1.00）A.At a public forum.B.On TV.C.In an audit
8、orium.D.In a classroom.(2).According to Dr. Smith, what is one of the most important points in learning a foreign language?（分数：1.00）A.Exposing oneself to the target culture.B.Attending regularly a good language program.C.Developing good note -taking skills.D.Coming up with a study plan.(3).Dr. Smith
9、 suggests that _.（分数：1.00）A.a realistic goal for learners is to reach a certain level of language proficiency, not native fluency:B.students can achieve native -like pronunciation through focused studyC.learners should interact with native speakers to gain greater fluencyD.teachers need to help stud
10、ents foster a good self - esteem and confidence(4).What kinds of activities would help Dr. Smith in his own study?（分数：1.00）A.Listening to information and then discussing it with others.B.Being involved in group or class projects.C.Reading books and magazines for news.D.Keeping a journal and exchangi
11、ng with a friend.(5).Which point was NOT mentioned in the interview?（分数：1.00）A.People often have different learning styles.B.Setting reachable goals should be paramount in learning.C.Pronunciation practice is key to improve comprehensibility.D.Learning is a step -by -step process.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：
12、2，分数：5.00)(1).When did the remnants of Russias Mir space station plunged into the Pacific Ocean?（分数：1.00）A.On Thursday.B.On Friday.C.On Saturday.D.On Sunday.(2).Which of the following statements about Mir space station is NOT true according to the news?（分数：1.00）A.It ended its 15 -year mission after
13、it was pitched into the Pacific Ocean.B.It ended up in an unpopulated part of the Pacific some 1,800 miles southwest of Britains Pitcairn Islands.C.It occurred in the exact area that the Russian space agency had predicted, between Australia and Chile.D.Its fragments hit a fleet of 27 tuna boats fish
14、ing in the South Pacific Ocean.IQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following news from the VOA. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).Why is the International Museum of Cartoon Art auctioning its first drawings of Mic
15、key Mouse?（分数：1.00）A.To help the construction of the country.B.To pay for the salary of the staff.C.To help pay debts.D.To redecorate the museum.(2).What is the value of the storyboard of the 1928 Walt Disney cartoon “Plane Crazy“ according to Mort Walker, founder of the museum?（分数：1.00）A.Near 2 mil
16、lion.B.3.2 million and 3.7 million.C.About 18,000.D.20,000 and 24,000.(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to the news?（分数：1.00）A.More than 200,400 drawings will be put on the block Saturday at the New York Historical Society.B.“Plane Crazy“ was the first drawing ever made of Mickey Mous
17、e.C.The museum will offer the drawings and hundreds of other items for sale to defray nearly 2 million in debt.D.Comic strips of such characters as Bugs Bunny, Charlie Brown, Beetle Bailey, Dennis the Menace and Prince Valiant were also auctioned.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BAll over the
18、 world men and women and boys and girls enjoy sports. Sports help people to live happily as well as keep fit. Today Id like to say something about one of the most popular sports-jogging. The National Adult Physical Fitness Survey showed that 6.5 million adult Americans jog for exercise. The populari
19、ty of jogging has been heightened by medical claims of the benefits derived from regular participation in this activity. Regular jogging is credited with promoting a “training effect“ that conditions the heart to do more work with less effort; increases the efficiency of the respiratory system by st
20、rengthening the muscles that assist breathing; increases blood volume in the body, thereby increasing the oxygen -carrying capacity of the circulatory system; promotes blood vessel flexibility; aids the digestive system; and helps to maintain proper body weight through the high calorie expenditure,
21、It is reasonable to assume that the number of adult joggers will increase if this activity is properly taught and encouraged through school physical education programs. Children should be taught how to jog as well as to understand the benefits that result from regular jogging. It is recommended that
22、 motivational programs such as the National Varsity Club Sport Award be utilized to pro- vide added incentive for school jogging programs. In addition to learning the physiological effects of training noted above, students should be given the following information as guidelines for their personal jo
23、gging pro- grams.When jogging, run in an upright position, avoiding the tendency to lean. Keep your back as straight as you can and still remain comfortable, and keep head up. Don t look at your feet.Hold arms slightly away from body, with elbows bent so that forearms are approximately parallel to t
24、he ground. Occasionally shaking and relaxing the arms and shoulders will help reduce the tightness that some- times develops while jogging. Periodically taking several deep breaths and blowing them out completely will also help you to relax.It is best to land on the heel of the foot and rock forward
25、 so that you drive off the ball of the foot for your next step. ff this proves difficult, try a more flat - footed style. Jogging only on the balls of the feet, as in sprinting, will produce severe leg soreness.Keep steps short, letting foot strike the ground beneath the knee instead of reaching to
26、the front. Length of stride should vary with your rate of speed. Breathe deeply with mouth open. Do not hold breath. If for any reason you become unusually tired or uncomfortable, slow down, walk, or stop.（分数：5.00）(1).How many adult Americans jog for exercise according to The National Adult Physical
27、 Fitness Survey ?（分数：1.00）A.5.5 million.B.6.5 million.C.7.5 million.D.8.5 million.(2).Which of the following does jogging not do ?（分数：1.00）A.Strengthen the breathing muscles.B.Condition the heart.C.Build strong shoulder muscles.D.Promote a “training effect“.(3).When jogging, what should one not do w
28、ith ones eyes ?（分数：1.00）A.Look ahead.B.Look at one s feet.C.Blink.D.Look to the side.(4).What is the best way to land on your feet at each step ?（分数：1.00）A.On the heel of the foot.B.On the toes.C.Flat footed.D.It is not indicated.(5).At what age should people be introduced to jogging as an exercise?
29、（分数：1.00）A.At puberty.B.During childhood.C.Daring adulthood.D.During old age.BTEXT B/BSome of the most basic concepts of psychology were defined by Sigmund Freud and two of his followers, Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung.Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, was the founder of psychoanalysis and,
30、 some Would say, of modern psychology itself. The main hypothesis of Freuds theory is that human behavior is determined primarily by unconscious motives. These unconscious motives can be discovered through the use of free association, that is, through talking out problems with the patient. Freuds th
31、eory of personality involved three broad areas of investigation into human behavior: structural, dynamic, and developmental. Structurally, Freud divided the human personality into id, ego, and superego. The id is the completely unconscious part of self. It is the repository(资源) of ones instinctual n
32、eeds and drives. Freud posed that it consisted of everything psychological that was inherited.The ego is the rational aspect of the personality. It governs the impulsive needs created by the id and decides which needs can and will be satisfied according to the conditions of the environment. The supe
33、rego is the conscience, the ethical( 伦理的 ) or moral aspect of personality: It is formed by the traditional values and ideals of the society or culture in which a person is born. The superego strives for the ideal. The “con- science“ part provides guilt feelings when moral values are violated. The “e
34、go-ideal“ part provides feelings of pride when the self acts in consonance with traditional values of the group.Freuds dynamic concepts involved instinct, libido, and anxiety. Generally, we term behavior as instinctive if it occurs without any apparent opportunity of its having been learned. Freuds
35、“instinct“ differed in that it. refers to an inborn bodily condition represented by “wish“ and “need“. Libido is descriptive of ones emotional or psychic energy. This energy enables life “instincts“ to perform their work and is derived from primitive biological urges-for example, the sex drive. Thus
36、, the libido is usually goal directed. Anxiety, in psychological terms, is an uncontrollable state of fear often unrelated to a specific object or event. Freuds developmental concepts included identification, displacement, defense mechanisms and psycho- sexual stages. Identification labels the behav
37、ior of an individual who imitates another person or group( movie star, gangster, etc. ). Displacement occurs when the instinct is blocked and the frustrated energy is then diverted to substitute objects. Defense mechanisms (repression, projection, and reaction) describe behavior reacting to relieve
38、extreme pressure and to defend the ego. Psychosexual stages refer to the five set stages of an individual, from birth through adolescence: oral (breast-sucking babyhood), anal (toilet-training period), phallic( 36 years development of sexual feelings), latancy (intermediate stage between phallic and
39、 be-ginning of puberty (青春期), and genital( formation of genuine relationships and the end of narcissism (自我陶醉)Freuds two disciples broke with the master largely over the centrality of sex in Freuds theorizing. Alfred Adler maintained that man was more a social being than a sexual one, and that indiv
40、iduals are primarily motivated by social interests. Carl Jung also differed from Freud on what determines the motivation for human behavior. He stressed goal direction beyond childhood, as well as the influence of the ancestral past in such things as magic, power, and hero worship.（分数：5.00）(1).Freud
41、s concepts included a _.（分数：1.00）A.denial of instinctive behavior in animals and humansB.belief that religion properly modled the conscience so that the id could be controlledC.belief that human behavior can be explained primarily by the unconscious motives of individualsD.belief that human behavior
42、 is completely controlled by the “conscience“ part(2).Jung and Adler differed most with Freud over _.（分数：1.00）A.what primarily motivates human behaviorB.whether dreams can interpret human behaviorC.how hypnosis is used in psychoanalysisD.what medicine can cure neurosis(3).According to Freuds concept
43、s, which aspect would MOST be looked upon as the “chief executive“ or administrator-in-charge of the total personality, the rational and aware sell?（分数：1.00）A.Id.B.Ego.C.Superego.D.None of the above.(4).According to Freuds developmental concepts at which stage of development is the individual LEAST
44、likely to think of himself exclusively and outgrow what Freud calls “narcissistic behavior“?（分数：1.00）A.OralB.AnalC.PhallicD.Genital(5).If a worker fearful of talking back to an employer comes home and yells at a family member, we have an example of Freudian _.（分数：1.00）A.identificationB.displacementC
45、.projectionD.repressionBTEXT C/BThe traditional pattern of classroom experience at the college level brings the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 45-to-50-minute class session two or three times a week. The most common mode of instruction is the lecture. When lectures are the
46、 principal method of instruction in larger classes, regular periods may be set aside for small group discussions under the leadership of an assistant instructor. In cases where a small class size encourages in formality, lectures may be combined with discussion sessions based on assigned readings, r
47、equired textbooks, and other outside materials.Accurate, legible notes are invaluable aids to the student who is enrolled in a lecture course. Notes should be taken during lectures, and when the student is reading the texts prior to each session of the course. The key to good note-taking is to be ab
48、le to listen a lot and to write only as much as is needed to re- cord the essence of a point or idea presented by the lecturer. Thus, students should endeavor to identify only the main points and ideas being presented and to mite them down in outline form. They should also strive to take good notes the first time and not play to recopy notes-or to do so only when clarity and conciseness demand it. Finally, they should review their notes for about five minutes on the same day that they take them, and
