1、专业八级-237 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：60.00)The Purpose of Literary Analysis. Introduction making readers appreciate 1 of literary works relating literature to both reader“s own life and general 2 . Purpose of literary analysis A. Di
2、scovering the author“s basic premises: comprehending the author“s basic intellectual premises and fundamental 3 1)ways to guarantee successful 4 by the author offering an explicit 5 of his convictions giving descriptions and 6 2)deriving abstract premises by analyzing 7 B. Attaining 8 from the liter
3、ary work 1)gaining positive or negative 9 into reader“s own life 2)a process of 10 discrimination C. A relevance to universal human condition or widespread human endeavor in an implicit or 11 way 1) 12 : George Orwell“s 1984 2)what readers do: recognizing general human condition on the basis of 13 g
4、aining a comprehensive understanding of the theme even if they 14 . Conclusion Literary analysis is a (n) 15 approach that offers readers answers or solutions to their questions and dilemmas. （分数：60.00）填空项 1:_三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.He is a psychologist.B.He is a financial a
5、dvisor.C.He is a psychiatrist.D.He is a best-selling author.A.Dollars and cents.B.Freedom.C.Opportunities.D.Security.A.50%.B.75%.C.80%.D.85%.A.To pay yourself first.B.To save one hour a day of your income.C.To spend less money.D.To avoid getting into debt.A.People in survival level.B.The middle clas
6、s.C.The high-income earners.D.The billionaires.（分数：20.00）A.It doesn“t necessarily bring happiness to people.B.Many people suppose that the millionaires are very happy.C.The more money you earn, the happier you will be.D.It brings comparatively more happiness to the low income class.A.The teacher.B.T
7、he social worker.C.The fire fighter.D.The manager.A.Indifferent.B.Critical.C.Supportive.D.Oppositive.A.Having someone who loves you.B.Being healthy mentally and psychologically.C.Having a successful marriage.D.Having filial children.A.Can money really bring happiness?B.How can people become milliona
8、ire?C.Why do rich people still feel unhappy?D.What can make you the happiest?专业八级-237 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：60.00)The Purpose of Literary Analysis. Introduction making readers appreciate 1 of literary works relating literature
9、to both reader“s own life and general 2 . Purpose of literary analysis A. Discovering the author“s basic premises: comprehending the author“s basic intellectual premises and fundamental 3 1)ways to guarantee successful 4 by the author offering an explicit 5 of his convictions giving descriptions and
10、 6 2)deriving abstract premises by analyzing 7 B. Attaining 8 from the literary work 1)gaining positive or negative 9 into reader“s own life 2)a process of 10 discrimination C. A relevance to universal human condition or widespread human endeavor in an implicit or 11 way 1) 12 : George Orwell“s 1984
11、 2)what readers do: recognizing general human condition on the basis of 13 gaining a comprehensive understanding of the theme even if they 14 . Conclusion Literary analysis is a (n) 15 approach that offers readers answers or solutions to their questions and dilemmas. （分数：60.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：core abs
12、tractions）解析： core abstractions 听力原文 The Purpose of Literary AnalysisGood morning, everyone. Today I“d like to talk about literary analysis, and specifically, its purpose. We all know that for the millennia during which literature has existed, scholars, intellectuals, and lay people have unceasingly
13、 engaged in the act of analyzing it. Whatever the variety of analytical approaches to literature might be, literary analysis is in itself a universal necessity when approaching a text, and cannot be escaped on some level. Literary analysis enables readers to fully grasp the core abstractions which a
14、n author has bestowed upon his work. Furthermore, it is indispensable in rendering the literature relevant, both to the individual“s own life and to an understanding of the universal human condition. When any author creates a work of literature, he does so starting with a set of basic intellectual p
15、remises, foundational assumptions that permeate the entirety of his work. The author has chosen to create a work of literature as a vehicle for transmitting those premises to his readers. On their own, as floating abstractions detached from the empirical observation and the detailed logical reasonin
16、g, the author“s premises cannot be readily communicated to a reader who does not grasp them already. An author who holds individualism as a basic premise, for example, will find difficulty in communicating it by simply stating, “I believe in individualism.“ If, however, he offers a lucid analysis of
17、 the superiority of individualism over the alternatives, which is filled with realistic examples of why this is so, then his convictions become far more persuasive. Better yet, he might write a story, a series of rationally structured fictional events, which a reader could approach as if it were a c
18、oncrete experience. All knowledge, at its root, is derived from sensory experience and observation. Thus, a work of literature, by recreating an environment of observation through the events and descriptions within it, aims to allow the reader to tap into the source of the premises the author seeks
19、to communicate. Thereby, the reader is given the foundation from which to proceed in understanding and identifying with the author“s abstract ideas. When the reader sees a literary text before him, the author has already done the work of translating his guiding premises into a concrete presentation.
20、 The task of the reader, then, becomes to fathom the concrete presentation in such a manner as to derive the abstract premises from it, thereby participating in an act of intellectual discovery which the author has facilitated for him. All literary analysis is, in essence, such a process of discover
21、y. It aims toward an understanding of the author“s guiding abstractions by identifying literary concretes: the characters, events, descriptions, dialogues, and stated ideas of a narrative, and discerning their relevance to the work as a whole and its central themes. Whereas, in writing a work of lit
22、erature, the author begins at the abstract level and, from it, crafts the concretes of his narrative, the reader must begin at the concrete level and reach the level of abstraction via literary analysis. Furthermore, a work of literary merit must offer an insight, principle, or example valuable to t
23、he individual reader. Aside from discovering the author“s intentions and guiding principles in writing a work, the reader must inquire of himself, “What benefits to my own life and understanding might I extract from this text?“ The insights the reader might seek to derive through literary analysis c
24、an be positive or negative. A text can offer models to emulate, or examples of what not to apply to one“s own life. The reader can even disagree with the author“s worldview or ideas of desirable conduct and, through literary analysis, discover the root of his divergence from the author. In this resp
25、ect, the undertaking of literary analysis is necessarily didactic, even if the author did not create his text with a didactic purpose. Literary analysis is a process of cognitive discrimination, in that the reader must be selective in what he does and does not derive from the author“s premises. In a
26、nalyzing a text, the reader interacts with these premises by filtering them through his own. Aside from individual relevance, a worthy work of literature has a universal relevance, either to an aspect at the core of the general human condition, or at the root of some widespread field of human endeav
27、or. The author, as a human being, enters the writing process with certain assumptions, implicit or explicit, regarding a set of universal human themes, including the nature of life, consciousness, volition, and human action, the meaning and possibility of success and happiness, and the status of the
28、 individual himself. In addition, the author might hold a set of views which are more narrowly targeted, but still potentially relevant to a wide variety of human beings. While the conflict between the individual and the almighty totalitarian state in George Orwell“s 1984, for example, is not a hist
29、orical universal, Orwell used it to arrive at an understanding of the meaning of a universal human concept, freedom. He then used this understanding to analyze, through the eyes of Winston Smith, the manner in which a totalitarian state necessarily robs an individual of his freedom and, by implicati
30、on, his very humanity. The task of the reader in conducting literary analysis becomes to discover the pathway by which the specifics of a given literary presentation can arrive at truths which are relevant to humans in general. The truths thus discovered will transcend the accidents of time, culture
31、, history, and geographical location. Furthermore, such a comprehensive universal understanding is valuable irrespective of the reader“s agreement with the author“s approach to the human condition. If the reader is of a different opinion, he can simply use his knowledge of the author“s worldview to
32、pinpoint where and how he disagrees with it. Thus, the reader, through literary analysis, will still attain his own positive understanding of the essential and inescapable issues pertaining to man. Therefore, we can see there are mainly three purposes of literary analysis: to discover the author“s b
33、asic premises, to attain individual value from the literary work, and to derive from it knowledge concerning the universal human condition. Literary analysis, like any other systematic approach to things, offers the demystification of ideas and of reality. Instead of being perpetually confined by a
34、set of irresolvable questions and dilemmas, man can obtain the answers through literary analysis, by means of a deliberate, targeted, rational treatment of the text. Today I“ve talked about the purpose of literary analysis. I hope my lecture can help you better appreciate literature. That“s it for t
35、oday. 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，文学分析可使读者充分领会作者赋予作品的抽象概念的核心，故答案为 core abstractions。 解析： human condition 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，将文学作品与个人的生活和人类普遍的情况进行关联是十分有必要的，所以填 human condition。 解析： assumptions 考点 本题设题点在时间状语从句处。 根据听力原文可知，作者创作文学作品之初，要有理性的前提和主要的设想，并以此作为贯穿其作品的基调，而作品本身就是把这些前提和设想传递给读者的载体。因此从读者的角度来看，分析作品的过程就是理
36、解作者理性前提和设想的过程，故答案为 assumptions。 解析： communication 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，演讲者认为，一位将个人主义作为思想前提的作者如果仅仅陈述“我相信个人主义”恐怕无法很好地表达自己的观点，所以可以推测，接下来演讲者将论述一位作者应如何成功地表达观点的方法，所以填 communication。 解析： analysis 考点 本题设题点在条件状语从句处。 根据听力原文可知，如果作者能够脉络分明地分析其观点，并佐以真实的例子，他和读者的交流将会更加有效，故答案为 analysis。 解析： events 考点 本题设题点在方法途径处。 根
37、据听力原文可知，如果作者能列举事例、具体描述，就能更好地把作品的前提传递给读者，故答案为events。 解析： literary concretes 考点 本题设题点在方法途径处。 根据听力原文可知，文学分析的目的之一是通过对具体事物的分析和认识，理解作品蕴含的主要抽象概念，故答案为 literary concretes。 解析： individual value 考点 本题考点设在分论点处。 根据听力原文可知，读者除了了解作者的写作意图和指导原则外，还应该问下自己“这篇文章对于我本人的生活或见地有哪些益处?”换句话说，读者从文学作品中获取的是一种个体价值观，所以填 individual va
38、lue。 解析： insights 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，读者可以从分析文学作品的过程中获得对人生的深刻理解，这些理解有的是积极的，有的是消极的，故答案为 insights。 解析： cognitive 考点 本题设题点在定义概念处。 根据听力原文可知，在分析文学作品时，读者会有选择性地吸收作者的观点，所以它是一个认知甄别的过程，故答案为 cognitive。 解析： explicit 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，作者在处理有普遍意义的主题时，或含蓄或明晰，故答案为 explicit。 解析： example 考点 本题考查重要细节的概括。 根据听力原文可
39、知，演讲者引用了乔治奥威尔的1984作为例子进行说明，所以应填入 example。 解析： specifics 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，在做文学分析时，读者的任务就是找到一种途径，即基于特定的文学作品得出与普遍人类相关的真理，所以填 specifics。 解析： disagree 考点 本题设题点在条件状语从句处。 根据听力原文可知，即使读者与作者的观点相左，他们依然能够充分理解作品有关人类普遍问题的主题，故答案为 disagree。 解析： systemic 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，文学分析能够阐明思想，揭示现实，是一种系统的处理问题的方式，故答案为s
40、ystematic。 三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.He is a psychologist. B.He is a financial advisor.C.He is a psychiatrist.D.He is a best-selling author.解析：听力原文 W: Many people dream of making it big, buying a bigger house, designer clothes and a nicer car, but with a record number of milli
41、onaires now living right here in the United States, an age-old question is now front and centercan money really buy happiness? Best-selling author David Bach is a psychiatrist and a money advisor on CNBC“s The Millionaire Inside. Going from rags to riches, he says he found happiness but it wasn“t ju
42、st about dollars and cents. Morning, David. M: Good morning, Maggie. W: What do you think that makes people happy then, if they have no money? M: Well, I think what most Americans really want is freedom. We are in the land of the free, but when three out of four people are living paycheck to paychec
43、k, they don“t feel free. So I think there are a lot of opportunities for the average American to become what I call an automatic millionaire, which means paying yourself first, saving one hour a day of your income and spending less. W: Do you mean that the people having different levels of life all
44、have the same feeling? M: Absolutely. You may have different levels of life. You have the survival level, or someone really is living paycheck to paycheck. Then you have security, where someone as you might basically need to cover. Maybe they“ve got six months to a year with the expenses put aside.
45、Once you gel passed a year of expenses, you“ll start to become free. W: You also say that happiness is not as simple as making more money. M: Yes. The more money you have, the more you need to spend anyway. People don“t know how to keep their money. And people don“t know how to spend it wisely. W: W
46、e spend so much time in our lives trying to make money. We must believe it“s going to bring us happiness. But the research you have ever done about it is kind of mixed, isn“t it? Which of the following is INCORRECT about David Bach? 本题设题点在身份地位处。根据听力原文可知，大卫贝驰的身份中没有心理学家，他是一名精神病学家，因此 A 为正确答案。A.Dollars
47、and cents.B.Freedom. C.Opportunities.D.Security.解析：听力原文 What do most Americans want according to David Bach? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，大卫认为大多数美国人真正想要的是自由，因此 B 为正确答案。A.50%.B.75%. C.80%.D.85%.解析：听力原文 What percentage of people in the US are living under the pressure of money? 本题设题点在转折处。根据听力原文可知，美国人中大约 75%的人
48、会以每月的工资作为本月的全部支出来源，所以他们会因为有经济方面的压力而感到不自由，因此 B 为正确答案。A.To pay yourself first.B.To save one hour a day of your income.C.To spend less money.D.To avoid getting into debt. 解析：听力原文 Which of the following is NOT the way for average Americans to become automatic millionaires? 本题设题点在定义概念处。根据听力原文可知，有许多机会可以让普
49、通的美国人变成百万富翁，这意味着要优先支付给自己，每天将一个小时的收入存起来，并且还要少花钱，因此 D 为正确答案。A.People in survival level. B.The middle class.C.The high-income earners.D.The billionaires.解析：听力原文 What kind of people is living paycheck to paycheck? 解析本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，有些人在温饱线上挣扎，因此 A 为正确答案。（分数：20.00）A.It doesn“t necessarily bring happiness to people.B.Many people suppose that the millionaires are very happy.C.The more money you earn, the happier you will be. D.It brings comparatively more happiness to the low income class.解析：
