1、专业八级-236 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete
2、a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture.B The Commercialisation of Science and Technology/BScience and technology and the role of commercialisation in that area are very interesting question. And its an issue w
3、hich is going to be increasingly important, world wide.B. An overview of the relationship between science 2) Another one - only 1/10 ideas taken to the final U(7) /U; (7) _.3) The third one - Most people cannot guarantee a U(8) /U return on their (8) _.investment.B. Companies and U(9) /U ideas:/B (9
4、) _.1) Because of various reasons, the technology would likely become outmoded;2) Some companies U(10) /U other specialized individuals or organisations (10) _.to do research on their behalf;3) Governments need to encourage and facilitate the interaction of the domesticfirms with overseas companies.
5、（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.Ques
6、tions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with a chief-editor. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the conversation what is Dr. Gus purpose?（分数：1.00）A.To have a talk with exhibitor.B.To
7、purchase a lab.C.To discuss the possibility of negotiation with the Universal Computers Ltd.D.To inquire more information about the scientific apparatus.(2).They have been concerned with the following terms EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.millions of instructions per secondB.discountC.remote connectionD.managem
8、ent committee(3).From the conversation we know if we buy more products from the Universal Computers Ltd.,（分数：1.00）A.we can earn more moneB.we can benefit moreC.they will give us more serviceD.they will move their main building to China(4).When can exhibitor expect to get an answer?（分数：1.00）A.Within
9、a month or two.B.By Tuesday.C.Very soon.D.Immediately.(5).From the conversation we can deduce that _.（分数：1.00）A.they have a good beginning of tradingB.they are eager to know each otherC.they want to shake hands in BeijingD.they hate the barriers between them三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 7 t
10、o 8 are based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Which statement is not true ?（分数：1.00）A.The girl was living with her mother.B.The landlady witnessed the crime.C.The girl and the suspect pr
11、obably were dating.D.The girl was found dead on the floor.(2).We can learn from the news that _.（分数：1.00）A.police provided detail in formations about the girlB.Tobago has a population of 1.2 millionC.homicide increased in TobagoD.Tobago is generally a peaceful islandQuestions 9 and 10 are based on t
12、he following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).The reasons why the church wanted to burn Harry Potter books didnt include that _.（分数：1.00）A.it believed that the books were an abhorrence to GodB.it believed
13、 that the books would weaken the communication with GodC.it believed that the existence of God had been confused by the bookD.it believed that the books would ruin the lives of many young people(2).Which statement is not true?（分数：1.00）A.The stories of Harry Potter are criticized in some other cities
14、 in U.S except New Mexicon.B.Young people are fascinated with Harry Potter.C.Christian churches hate Harry Potter.D.Pastor Jack Brock planned to bum the Harry Potter books on Sunday.1.In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark
15、 the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.Questions 6 is based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPART READING (总题数：9，分数：20.00)In this section there are several readin
16、g passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Rend the passages carefully and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.BTEXT A/BHistorical developments of the past half century and the invention of modem telecommunication and transportation technologies have created
17、 a world economy. Effectively the American economy has died and been replaced by a world economy.In the future there is no such thing as being an American manager. Even someone who spends an entire management career in Kansas City is in international management. He or she will compete with foreign f
18、irms, buy from foreign firms, sell to foreign films, or acquire financing from foreign banks.The globalization of the worlds capital markets that has occurred in the past 10 years will be replicated right across the economy in the next decade. An international perspective has become central to manag
19、ement. Without it managers are operating in ignorance and cannot understand what is happening to them and their firms.Partly because of globalization and partly because of demography, the work forces of the next century are going to be very different from those of the last century. Most firms will b
20、e employing more foreign nationals. More likely than not, you and your boss will not be of the same nationality. Demography and changing social mores mean that white males will become a smaller fraction of the work force as women and minorities grow in importance. All of these factors will require c
21、hanges in the traditional methods of managing the work force.In addition, the need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously thought impossible to obtain in mass production and the spreading use of participatory management techniques will require a work force with much higher levels
22、 of education and skills. Production workers must be able to do statistical quality control; production workers must be able to do just in-time inventories. Managers are increasingly shifting from a “dont think, do what you are told“ to a “think, I am not going to tell you what to do“ style of manag
23、ement.This shift is occurring not because todays managers are more enlightened than yesterdays managers but because the evidence is rapidly mounting that the second style of management is more productive than the first style of management. But this means that problems of training and motivating the
24、work force both become more central and require different modes of behavior.In the world of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the firm. They dont have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be manage
25、rs who understand when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies. If they dont understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes that those who do understand what is going on inside the black box make. They will be losers, not winners
26、.Todays CEOs are those who solved the central problems facing their companies 20 years ago. Tomorrows CEOs will be those who solve central problems facing their companies today. Sloan hopes to produce a generation of managers who will be solving todays and tomorrows problems and because they are suc
27、cessful in doing so they will become tomorrows captains of business.（分数：4.00）(1).The author suggests that a manager should hold a(n) _ view on management.（分数：1.00）A.economicalB.geographicalC.internationalD.financial(2).Speaking of the problems of training and motivating laborers, the author implies
28、that _.（分数：1.00）A.laborers should keep up with the rapid development of modern technologyB.laborers pay more attention to wagesC.laborers want to advance themselvesD.there is a radical change in management style(3).By the first sentence of paragraph 7, the author means that _.（分数：1.00）A.managers sho
29、uld master modern technologyB.managers should have access to technological knowledgeC.managers should focus on functional tasksD.managers should cooperate with technicians(4).The main topic of this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.the new concept of managementB.the great shift of management styleC.the qualit
30、ies of managers for the 21 st centuryD.the technique of managers modem management2.BTEXT B/BOne thing that distinguishes the online world from the real one is that it is very easy to find things. To find a copy of The Economist in print, one has to go to a news-stand, which may or may not carry it.
31、Finding it online, though, is a different proposition. Just go to Google, type in “economist“ and you will be instantly directed to . Though it is difficult to remember now, this was not always the case. Indeed, until Google, now the worlds most popular search engine, came on to the scene in Septemb
32、er 1998, it was not the case at all. As in the physical world, searching online was a hit-or-miss affair.Google was vastly better than anything that had come before: so much better, in fact, that it changed the way many people use the web. Almost overnight, it made the web far more useful, particula
33、rly for nonspecialist users, many of whom now regard Google as the internets front door. The recent fuss over Googles stock market flotation obscures its far wider social significance: few technologies, after all, are so influential that their names become used as verbs.Google began in 1998 as an ac
34、ademic research project by Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, who were then graduate students at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It was not the first search engine, of course. Existing search engines were able to scan or “crawl“ a large portion of the web, build an index, and then find pag
35、es that matched particular words. But they were less good at presenting those pages, which might number in the hundreds of thousands, in a useful way.Mr Brins and Mr Pages accomplishment was to devise a way to sort the results by determining which pages were likely to be most relevant. They did so u
36、sing a mathematical recipe, or algorithm, called PageRank. This algorithm is at the heart of Googles success, distinguishing it from all previous search engines and accounting for its apparently magical ability to find the most useful web pages.Untangling the webPageRank works by analysing the struc
37、ture of the web itself. Each of its billions of pages can link to other pages, and can also, in turn, be linked to. Mr Brin and Mr Page reasoned that if a page was linked to many other pages, it was likely to be important. Furthermore, if the pages that linked to a page were important, then that pag
38、e was even more likely to be important. There is, of course, an inherent circularity to this formula-the importance of one page depends on the importance of pages that link to it, the importance of which depends in turn on the importance of pages that link to them. But using some mathematical tricks
39、, this circularity can be resolved, and each page can be given a score that reflects its importance.The simplest way to calculate the score for each page is to perform a repeating or “iterative“ calculation (see article). To start with, all pages are given the same score. Then each link from one pag
40、e to another is counted as a “vote“ for the destination page. Each pages score is recalculated by adding up the contribution from each incoming link, which is simply the score of the linking page divided by the number of outgoing links on that page. (Each pages score is thus shared out among the pag
41、es it links to.)Once all the scores have been recalculated, the process is repeated using the new scores, until the scores settle down and stop changing (in mathematical jargon, the calculation “converges“). The final scores can then be used to rank search results: pages that match a particular-set
42、of search terms are displayed in order of descending score, so that the page deemed most important appears at the top of the list._BTEXT B/BOne thing that distinguishes the online world from the real one is that it is very easy to find things. To find a copy of The Economist in print, one has to go
43、to a news-stand, which may or may not carry it. Finding it online, though, is a different proposition. Just go to Google, type in “economist“ and you will be instantly directed to . Though it is difficult to remember now, this was not always the case. Indeed, until Google, now the worlds most popula
44、r search engine, came on to the scene in September 1998, it was not the case at all. As in the physical world, searching online was a hit-or-miss affair.Google was vastly better than anything that had come before: so much better, in fact, that it changed the way many people use the web. Almost overn
45、ight, it made the web far more useful, particularly for nonspecialist users, many of whom now regard Google as the internets front door. The recent fuss over Googles stock market flotation obscures its far wider social significance: few technologies, after all, are so influential that their names be
46、come used as verbs.Google began in 1998 as an academic research project by Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, who were then graduate students at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It was not the first search engine, of course. Existing search engines were able to scan or “crawl“ a large porti
47、on of the web, build an index, and then find pages that matched particular words. But they were less good at presenting those pages, which might number in the hundreds of thousands, in a useful way.Mr Brins and Mr Pages accomplishment was to devise a way to sort the results by determining which page
48、s were likely to be most relevant. They did so using a mathematical recipe, or algorithm, called PageRank. This algorithm is at the heart of Googles success, distinguishing it from all previous search engines and accounting for its apparently magical ability to find the most useful web pages.Untangling the webPageRank works by analysing the structure of the web itself. Each of its billions of pages can lin
