1、专业八级-234 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Age Structures in Mexico and Sweden Age structure refers to the percentage of the population in different age (1)_Mexicos age structure is quite different from Swedens in (1)_ that the former is like a (2)_with a wider base. In S
2、weden, the age (2)_ structure is shaped like a rectangle, which results from a(n) (3)_ (3)_ birth rate and low death rate in early and middle age. In Mexico, the population is expanding rapidly. In Sweden, the population is stable in size with a(n) (4)_distribution. (4)_ The Effects of Different Age
3、 Structures: -Age structures affects population growth: a) A country with a larger percentage of people at the bottom of the pyramid will have a (5)_population growth rate. (5)_ b) a larger proportion of women of (6)_age results in a faster (6)_ population growth. -Age structure affects (7)_: (7)_ 1
4、) a larger percentage of people of (8)_age means more wealth (8)_ and higher standard of living. 2) a larger proportion of children is responsible for more expenditure on (9)_to achieve the same standards. (9)_ 3) the (10)_rate is likely to be higher for jobs will have to be (10)_ found for a larger
5、 number of graduates.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).The following cannot be sent for recorded delivery EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.parcelsB.airway parcelsC.mail for the Irish RepublicD.documents of little monetary value(2).Whic
6、h of the following is NOT TRUE of recorded delivery?（分数：1.00）A.It is signed for by the recipient.B.A record of the delivery is kept by the post office.C.The post office undertakes to deliver it to the addressee in person.D.Recorded delivery mail is carried with the ordinary unregistered post.(3).Whi
7、ch of the following entitles a person to compensation for loss according to Susan?（分数：1.00）A.Unregistered mail.B.Recorded delivery.C.Registered delivery.D.Urgent mail.(4).What can be sent by registered mail?（分数：1.00）A.A first-class letter.B.Urgent mail.C.A railway letter.D.An airway packet.(5).Compe
8、nsation will not be paid for the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.couponsB.bank notesC.trading stampsD.packets三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).The following are the decisions made by European Union on Wednesday EXCEPT that_.（分数：1.00）A.Microsoft should put an end to its business in EuropeB.Microsoft shou
9、ld pay about six hundred million dollarsC.Microsoft should give information about its Windows systemD.Microsoft should make another version of Windows without using its own software(2).What percentage does Microsoft account for in the software for personal computers in the world?（分数：1.00）A.19%.B.90%
10、.C.40%.D.70%.I Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The Group of Seven finance ministers regularly meet to _.（分数：1.00）A.discuss how to promote international economic
11、 growthB.set policy direction for International Monetary FundC.talk about how to meet the challenges posed by globalizationD.discuss how to control production(2).Canadas finance minister was concerned about _.（分数：1.00）A.the impact of globalizationB.the impact of U. S. budget deficitC.the rise of une
12、mployment rate in ChinaD.the debt relief of the poor countries四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BUntil Josquin des Prez, 1440-1521, Western music was liturgical, designed as an accompaniment to worship. Like the intricately carved gargoyles perched atop medieval cathedrals beyond sight of any
13、human, music was composed to please God before anybody else; its dominant theme was reverence. Emotion was there, but it was the grief of Mary standing at the foot of the Cross, the joy of the faithful hailing Christs resurrection. Even the secular music of the Middle Ages was tied to predetermined
14、patterns that sometimes seemed to stand in the way of individual expression.While keeping one foot firmly planted in the divine world, Josquin stepped with the other into the human. He scored magnificent masses, but also newly expressive motets such as the lament of David over his son Absalom or the
15、 “Deploration dOckeghem,“ a dirge on the death of Ockeghem, the greatest master before Josquin, a motet written all in black notes, and one of the most profoundly moving scores of the Renaissance. Josquin was the first composer to set psalms to music. But alongside Benedicite omnia opera Domini Domi
16、no (“Bless the Lord, all ye works of the Lord“) he put El Grillo (“The cricket is a good singer who manages long poems“) and Allegez moy (“Solace me, sweet pleasant brunette“). Josquin was praised by Martin Luther, for his music blends respect for tradition with a rebels willingness to risk the hori
17、zon. What Galileo was to science, Josquin was to music. While preserving their allegiance to God, both asserted a new importance for man.Why then should Josquin languish in relative obscurity? The answer has to do with the separation of concept from performance in music. In fine art, concept and per
18、formance are one both the art lover and the art historian have thousands of years of paintings, drawings and sculptures to study and enjoy. Similarly with literature: Poetry, fiction, drama, and criticism survive on the printed page or in manuscript for judgment and admiration by succeeding generati
19、ons. But musical notation on a page is not art, no matter how lofty or excellent the composer% conception it is, crudely put, a set of directions for producing art. Being highly symbolic, musical notation requires training before it can even be read, let alone performed. Moreover, because the musica
20、l conventions of other days are not ours, translation of a Renaissance score into modem notation brings difficulties of its own. For example, the Renaissance notation of Josquins day did not designate the tempo at which the music should be played or sung. It did not indicate all flats or sharps; the
21、se were sounded ill accordance with musicianly rules, which were capable of transforming major to minor, minor to major, diatonic to chromatic sound, and thus affect melody, harmony, and musical expression, a Renaissance composition might include several parts-but it did not indicate which were to b
22、e sung, which to be played, nor even whether instruments were to be used at all.Thus, Renaissance notation permits of several interpretations and an imaginative musician may give an interpretation that is a revelation. But no matter how imaginative, few modern musicians can offer any interpretation
23、of Renaissance music. The public for it is small, limiting the number of musicians who can afford to learn, rehearse, and perform it. Most of those who attempt it at all are students organized in colegia musica whose memberships have a distressing habit of changing every semester, thus preventing di
24、rectors from maintaining the year-in, year-out continuity required to achieve excellence of performance. Finally, the instruments used in Renaissance times-drummhorns, recorders, rauschpfeifen, shawms, sackbuts, organetto-must be specially procured.（分数：4.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is
25、to_.（分数：1.00）A.introduce the reader to Josquin and account for his relative obscurityB.describe the main features of medieval music and show how Josquin changed themC.place Josquins music in a historical context and show its influence on later composersD.enumerate the features of Josquins music and
26、supply critical commentary(2).The passage contains information which would help answer all of the following questions EXCEPT_?（分数：1.00）A.What are the titles of some of Josquins secular compositionsB.What are the names of some Renaissance musical instrumentsC.Who was the greatest composer before Josq
27、uinD.What are the names of some of Josquins most famous students(3).The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements?（分数：1.00）A.Music is a more perfect art form than painting or sculpture.B.Music can be said to exist only when it is being performed.C.Josquin was the greatest
28、 composer of the Middle Ages.D.Renaissance music is superior to music produced in modern times.(4).The author cites all of the following as reasons for Josquins relative obscurity EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.the difficulty one encounters in attempting to read his musical notationB.the inability of modern mus
29、icians to play instruments of RenaissanceC.the difficulty of procuring unusual instruments needed to play the musicD.the lack of public interest in Renaissance musicBTEXT B/BTo broaden their voting appeal in the Presidential election of 1796, the Federalists selected Thomas Pinckney, a leading South
30、 Carolinian, as running mate for the Newt Englander John Adams. But Pinckneys Southern friends chose to ignore their partys intentions and regarded Pinckney as Presidential candidate, creating a political situation that Alexander Hamilton was determined to exploit. Hamilton had long been wary of Ada
31、mss stubbornly independent brand of politics and preferred to see his running mate, over whom he could exert more control, in the presidents chair.The election was held under the system originally established by the Constitution. At that time there was but a single tally, with the candidate receivin
32、g the largest number of electoral votes declared President and candidate with the second largest number declared Vice- President. Hamilton anticipated that all the Federalists in the North would vote for Adams and Pinckney equally in an attempt to ensure that Jefferson would not be either first or s
33、econd in the voting. Pinckney would be solidly supported in the South while Adams would not. Hamilton concluded if it were possible to divert a few electoral votes from Adams to Pinckney, Pinckney would receive more than Adams, yet both Federalists would outpoll Jefferson.Various methods were used t
34、o persuade the electors to vote as Hamilton wished. In the press, anonymous articles were published attacking Adams for his monarchial tendencies and Jefferson for being overly democratic, while pushing Pinckney as the only suitable candidate. In private correspondence with state party leaders the H
35、amiltonians encouraged the idea that Adams popularity was slipping, that he could not win the election, and that the Federalists could defeat Jefferson only by supporting Pinckney.Had sectional pride and loyalty not run as high in New England as in the deep South, Pinckney might well have become Was
36、hingtons successor. New Englanders, however, realized that equal votes for Adams and Pinckney in their states would defeat Adams; therefore, eighteen electors scratched Pinckneys name from their ballots and deliberately threw away their second votes to men who were not even running. It was fortunate
37、 for Adams that they did, for the electors from South Carolina completely abandoned him, giving eight votes to Pinckney and eight to Jefferson.In the end, Hamiltons interference in Pinckneys candidacy lost even the Vice-Presidency of South Carolina. Without New Englands support, Pinckney received on
38、ly 59 electoral votes, finishing third to Adams and Jefferson. He might have been President in 1797, or as Vice-President a serious contender for the Presidency in 1800; instead, stigmatized by a plot he had not devised, he served a brief term in the United States Senate and then dropped from sight
39、as a national influence.（分数：4.00）(1).The passage supplies information that answers which of the following questions?（分数：1.00）A.How many votes were cast for John Adams in the 1796 Presidential election?B.Under the voting system originally set up by the Constitution, how many votes did each elector ca
40、st?C.Who was Jeffersons running mate in the 1796 Presidential election?D.What became of Alexander Hamilton after his plan to have Thomas Pinckney elected President failed?(2).Why does the author refer to the election procedure established by the original Constitution?（分数：1.00）A.To prove to the reade
41、r that New England as a whole had more electoral votes than the state of south Carolina.B.To persuade the reader that Thomas Pinckneys defeat could have been avoided.C.To alert the reader that the procedure used in 1796 was unlike what is presently used.D.To encourage the reader to study Constitutio
42、nal history.(3).The passage implies that some electors voted for John Adams because they were_.（分数：1.00）A.in favor of a monarchyB.persuaded to do so by HamiltonC.afraid South Carolina would not vote for PinckneyD.anxious to have a President from their geographical region(4).It can be inferred that h
43、ad South Carolina not cast any electoral votes for Jefferson, the outcome of the 1796 election would have been a_.（分数：1.00）A.larger margin of victory for John AdamsB.victory for Thomas JeffersonC.Federalist defeat in the SenateD.victory for Thomas PinckneyBTEXT C/BBecause some resources must be allo
44、cated at the national level, we have created policies which reflect the aggregated attributes of our society. The Federal budget determines the proportion of Federal resources to be invested in social welfare programs and how these resources are distributed among competing programs. This budget is a
45、rrived at through a reiterative aggregative political process which mediates the claims of groups interested in health, education, welfare, and so on, thus socializing the continuing conflict generated by their separate aspirations, the test of whether it can marshal sufficient legitimacy and consen
46、t to provide a basis for cohesion and action. Technical criteria may play a role in the process, but the ultimate criteria are political and social.Whether a policy, which is “good“ in the aggregate sense, is also “good“ for a particular person, however, is a different matter. If everyone had identi
47、cal attributes, these criteria will always produce different outcomes. Any policy negotiated to attain an aggregate correctness will be wrong for every individual to whom the policy applies. The less a person conforms to the aggregate, the more wrong it will be.When a policy is not working, we norma
48、lly assume that the policy is right in form but wrong in content. It has failed because insufficient intelligence has informed its construction or insufficient energy its implementation. We proceed to replace the old policy by a new one of: the same form. This buys time, since some time must elapse before the new policy can fully display the same set of symptoms of failure as the old. We thus continue to invest our time, energy, and other resources as if every new discovery of a nonworki
