1、专业八级-232 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)（分数：12.50）A.A child“s relation with his mother.B.A well-to-do family.C.A professional babysitter.D.A strict family environment.A.Toys.B.Father.C.Mother.D.Pet dog.A.A safe, loving environment.B.Affectionate, caring parents.C.Mat
2、ernal attachment.D.Family background.A.Delayed motor skills development.B.Delayed toilet training.C.Difficulty in interacting with peers.D.Inability to express affection.A.They are as likely to develop separation anxiety as those who are not adopted.B.They will never recover from separation anxiety.
3、C.They struggle to develop a healthy sense of self.D.They always experience feelings of protest, despair and detachment.（分数：12.50）A.Because they already understood what it means to be a baby for blood parents.B.Because they have developed a subconsciousness about blood relation.C.Because they have a
4、lready begun to develop a sense of self in relation to others.D.Because they have already obtained an awareness of social relations.A.It is a period when a child is most vulnerable to mental and physical damage.B.It is a period when a child is most closely attached to his mother.C.It is a period whe
5、n a child develops his core concept of self.D.It is a period when a child develops his cognitive abilities.A.It varies with the age of the child.B.It depends on the adoptive family.C.It can be influenced by a foster mother.D.It would be the basis of stable independence.A.Worry about his parents bein
6、g injured in a car wreck.B.Be unable to play with his peers.C.Not develop motor skills at appropriate ages.D.Have an irrational fear of spiders.A.He is prone to a pathological anxiety.B.He is likely to suffer from psychological trauma.C.The strong attachment for him can never pass away.D.Separation
7、anxiety for him can be seen as a sign of healthy personality.（分数：12.50）A.Men and position.B.Men and property.C.Women and inheritance.D.Women and property.A.They feel desperate for the prospect that they may lose everything.B.They feel sad for their husband.C.They feel sad for their children.D.They f
8、eel sad for their own lonely life.A.The husband“s property is taken by his relatives.B.The husband“s property is taken by the government.C.The husband“s property is taken by robbers.D.The husband“s property is taken by his wife.A.The law is against them.B.They don“t know that they have rights to kee
9、p property.C.The law is for them.D.They don“t want to damage the relationship with their husbands“ relatives.A.Learning more about the inheritance law.B.Quarrelling with her husband“s relatives for her property fiercely.C.Asking her relatives to put her husband“s relatives into prison.D.Going to Mrs
10、. Mutwa for assistance.（分数：12.50）A.Discussing the importance of making a will with him.B.Discussing the processes of his funeral plan.C.Discussing your health care after his death.D.Discussing organ donating possibilities with him.A.By asking the permission of all family members.B.By asking the perm
11、ission of local land authority.C.By registering the home where you live with your husband.D.By contributing to the local church.A.Learning about local laws.B.Registering your home.C.Getting legal advice from a lawyer.D.Donating the property.A.They tend to forget.B.It is easy to steal from them.C.The
12、ir husbands“ relatives always ask her to divide the things with them.D.Their husbands“ relatives always cheat her into dividing the things with them.A.Human kind are greedy.B.Women do not know what they deserve.C.It is an immoral era that we live in.D.Their relatives take it for granted that they de
13、serve some of the properties.（分数：12.50）A.Demanding.B.Attractive.C.Effortless.D.Unhealthy.A.It is good for spiritual well-being.B.It helps you relax psychologically.C.It can give you a pair of strong legs.D.It helps you get a more flexible body.A.Breathing.B.Postures.C.Meditation.D.Dieting.A.Because
14、they follow the lead of famous people.B.Because they like to try something new.C.Because yoga can make friends through practicing yoga together.D.Because yoga is beneficial to their health.A.Stronger will.B.Flexible body.C.More relaxation.D.Better health.（分数：12.50）A.A super flexible body.B.A tremend
15、ously strong body.C.An independent personality with strong will power.D.A peaceful mind.A.Because we feel healthy enough.B.Because they are less important than making money.C.Because they cause no visible impact on our daily routine.D.Because we are feeling tired and have no time to exercise.A.It wa
16、s caused by yoga exercise.B.Yoga helped alleviate it.C.It was caused by cardio exercise.D.Yoga helped exacerbate it.A.Because yoga provides stress relief.B.Because yoga is easy.C.Because yoga is fashionable.D.Because yoga is cool.A.They are good for all people.B.They are as good as yoga.C.They may n
17、ot be suitable for old people.D.They help lose weight.（分数：12.50）A.Senior manager.B.Assistant manager.C.Senior engineer.D.Assistant engineer.A.Her ability to work in a team.B.Her working style.C.Her ambition.D.Her career plan.A.He/She should be an excellent team player.B.He/She should cooperate with
18、assistant engineers as a team.C.He/She should treat male and female employees equally.D.He/She should be easygoing.A.She is rather bossy.B.She always has her own way.C.She is a born leader.D.She is not easy-going.A.Ambitious.B.Considerate.C.Generous.D.Sensitive.（分数：12.50）A.He made a typo in a docume
19、nt.B.He didn“t audit the accounts properly.C.He forgot to submit the required data.D.He sent an e-mail to a wrong person.A.Adviser.B.Accountant.C.Supervisor.D.Investor.A.Dishonest.B.As good as Tracy“s.C.Easy-going.D.Ambitious.A.He has enough money to live off for a whole year.B.He has enough money t
20、o live off for about 3 months.C.He does not make any savings at all.D.He deposits his savings at his parents“.A.Try to explain to his boss the truth.B.Move and live with Tracy“s brother.C.Spend his savings on living.D.Quickly get another job.专业八级-232 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(
21、总题数：0，分数：0.00)（分数：12.50）A.A child“s relation with his mother. B.A well-to-do family.C.A professional babysitter.D.A strict family environment.解析：听力原文 W: Today I“d like to welcome Sean Smith, a psychologist from Maryland State Research Institute, who is going to talk to us about the normal and sound
22、development of self with adopted child. Hello, Sean. M: Hello. W: Now Sean, as we may know, a child is likely to be affected by certain influential factors during his normal development of self. Then what do you think is the most important factor affecting this process? M: Well, actually several fac
23、tors may work together to cultivate the self. Among them, a child“s relationship with his mother is ranking on the top of the list, which we may also call, maternal attachment. Infants form an attachment with the mother that must undergo a process of separation and individuation. W: How do we unders
24、tand the correlation between separation and individuation? M: Good question. Object relations psychology examines this relationship, which depends on the ability of the child to separate himself from his object, the mother, and realize that he is a separate individual. W: All right, then. What are t
25、he other factors required to help children realize a sound development of self? Does environment play any role in it? M: That“s exactly what I am going to talk about next. Absolutely, a safe, loving environment is another necessary component for the development of a healthy self-concept. Certainly,
26、affectionate, caring parents are essential as well. As the child begins to develop his sense of self, he must master certain developmental tasks that are part of growing up. W: Developmental tasks? That“s a fresh term. Could you present us some concrete examples of such tasks? M: Developmental tasks
27、 may take different forms, such as acquisition of language and toilet training. Anything that interrupts the development of these important skills may interfere with developing a healthy self-concept. W: What, then, effect does adoption have on the development of a healthy sense of self? Since an in
28、fant“s relationship with his mother is so important, according to many psychologists, what effect does being separated from the biological mother have on the adopted child? M: That depends. For infants adopted at birth, the effect may be minimal, for the infant has often had no opportunity to bond w
29、ith the biological mother. W: But what about a child who is older when he is adopted? What effect does adoption have on a toddler? M: Even if a toddler has been in one foster home since birth and has therefore attached himself to his foster mother, he will likely experience a series of reactions whe
30、n separated from this caregiver protest, despair, and detachmentunless his experience is monitored to help him handle the change. Consider a toddler adopted at the age of 18 months who has lived in the same foster home since birth. When he is placed with an adoptive family, he is likely to experienc
31、e separation anxiety from his foster mother, who can be regarded as symbolically abandoning him as his own biological mother did. What is the most important factor in the cultivation of the self for a child? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，孩子与母亲之间的关系是孩子自我发展过程中的首要因素，故答案为 A。A.Toys.B.Father.C.Mother. D.Pet dog.解析
32、：听力原文 According to object relations psychology, what does a child view as an object? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，对象关系心理学认为这种关系取决于儿童把自己从对象中分离出来的能力，对象即母亲，故答案为 C。A.A safe, loving environment.B.Affectionate, caring parents.C.Maternal attachment.D.Family background. 解析：听力原文 Which of the following is NOT mention
33、ed as essentials to the development of a healthy self-concept? 本题考查细节辨析。根据听力原文可知，安全、友爱的环境以及和蔼的父母都是影响孩子自我健康发展的关键性因素，以及上文提到的首要因素即母性关系，故答案为 D。A.Delayed motor skills development.B.Delayed toilet training. C.Difficulty in interacting with peers.D.Inability to express affection.解析：听力原文 What is the special
34、 problem for adopted children? 本题设题点在举例处。受访者指出当小孩开始发展自我意识时，他必须掌握成长过程中的某些developmental tasks。在被问及什么是 developmental tasks时，根据听力原文可知，像语言的习得和上厕所的训练都是孩子在发展自我阶段所必须掌握的，而被收养的孩子也许没有经历过这个过程，最终可能会导致自我不能健康地发展，故答案为 B。A.They are as likely to develop separation anxiety as those who are not adopted. B.They will nev
35、er recover from separation anxiety.C.They struggle to develop a healthy sense of self.D.They always experience feelings of protest, despair and detachment.解析：听力原文 According to the interview, which of the following statements about adopted children is CORRECT? 本题设题点在时间状语从句处。受访者指出孩子对母亲有着强烈的依附感，即使是那些出生
36、后就被领养的孩子也一样，一旦与他们的母亲分开，他们可能会出现一系列的反应。假设将一个出生后就被收养长到18个月大的孩子再放在别的领养家庭中，根据听力原文可知，这样做会让孩子产生分离焦虑感，就像被生母抛弃一样，故答案为 A。（分数：12.50）A.Because they already understood what it means to be a baby for blood parents.B.Because they have developed a subconsciousness about blood relation.C.Because they have already be
37、gun to develop a sense of self in relation to others. D.Because they have already obtained an awareness of social relations.解析：听力原文 W: It“s sure to say his transition to living an adoptive home may be difficult, isn“t it? M: Yes, it proves difficult as he adjusts to new surroundings and caregivers b
38、ecause, by the age of 18 months, he has already begun to develop a sense of self in relation to others. On the other hand, he is past the crucial age of 7 to 12 months. W: Why do you call this period the crucial age? M: This period is crucial because at this time an infant may sustain the most sever
39、e damage to his mental and physical development if deprived of mothering by one significant individual . Now it seems as though he has to start over; his protesting may give way to despair as he yearns for people who used to be in his life. W: Then it is essential that the adoptive family offer as m
40、uch affection and security as possible to reassure the child that he is safe, that they are reliable sources of loving care, and that they will help him through this difficult stage. M: One thing we need to note is sometime a child may continue to suffer from separation anxiety in spite of these act
41、ions. Although he may not mind the actual separation from his mother when he goes to play school or day care, he may become obsessed about the time when his mother is supposed to pick him up at day care or kindergarten; tardiness may provoke fears about car accidents or death. W: Some psychologists
42、believe that a child who is given more affection is sometimes more strongly attached and therefore more prone to separation anxiety than some of those who are treated more roughly. Does such statement hold water? M: That may prove right. Since such “dependence“ in the well-loved child is outgrown an
43、d later provides the basis for a stable independence, it would be a mistake to suppose it to be pathological. On the contrary, the capacity to experience separation anxiety can be regarded as a sign of the healthy personality. W: An adopted child, then, has at least an average chance of successful i
44、ndividuation, assuming he is adopted by loving parents. Thank you, Scan. Thanks for talking with us. M: My pleasure. Why is it difficult for adopted children above 18 months to adjust to a new home? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，收养的儿童到 18个月时就已经发展出自我与他人关系的概念，故答案为 C。A.It is a period when a child is most vulner
45、able to mental and physical damage. B.It is a period when a child is most closely attached to his mother.C.It is a period when a child develops his core concept of self.D.It is a period when a child develops his cognitive abilities.解析：听力原文 Why is the age of 7 to 12 months a crucial period? 本题设题点在对话问
46、答处。根据听力原文可知，这一时期的儿童如果失去母亲的照料，会遭受最严重的心理和生理打击，故答案为 A。A.It varies with the age of the child.B.It depends on the adoptive family.C.It can be influenced by a foster mother.D.It would be the basis of stable independence. 解析：听力原文 Which of the following is INCORRECT about the negative effect of adoption? 本题
47、设题点在人物建议处。受访者指出 7至 12个月是发展自我意识的关键年龄段，根据听力原文可知，对于那些被领养的孩子来说，领养家庭给予孩子的爱和安全感能让他们觉得自己是安全的，能帮助他们度过这一困难阶段，故答案为 D。A.Worry about his parents being injured in a car wreck. B.Be unable to play with his peers.C.Not develop motor skills at appropriate ages.D.Have an irrational fear of spiders.解析：听力原文 What may a
48、 child suffering from separation anxiety do? 本题设题点在转折处。受访者指出孩子在长大后可能仍然会有分离焦虑感，根据听力原文可知，如果父母没有按时接孩子，这种时间的延误会让孩子担心父母是否遭遇了不测，这也是一种分离焦虑感，故答案为A。A.He is prone to a pathological anxiety.B.He is likely to suffer from psychological trauma.C.The strong attachment for him can never pass away.D.Separation anxie
49、ty for him can be seen as a sign of healthy personality. 解析：听力原文 Which of the following statements is CORRECT about a child who is given more “affection? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，这样的“依附”关系会随着儿童的成长而消失，之后会成为稳定的独立人格的基础，将其看成病态是错误的，相反，感受到分离焦虑是健康人格的表现，故答案为D。（分数：12.50）A.Men and position.B.Men and property.C.Women and inheritance. D.Women and property.解析：听力原文 M: Welcome to our show. Today we“re going to discuss some important questions about women and inheritance. For example, what happens to a woman when her husband dies, and who becomes the rightful owner of his proper
