1、专业八级-22 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Dont expect Starbucks-like(1) _like this one at the 13,600 U.S. McDonalds, (1) _or 30,000-plus worldwide; the Oak Brook restaurant, which opened late last month, doubles as public restaurant and test site. But the worlds largest rest
2、aurant chain is tinkering with various possibilities in technology and design to try to ensure it is a(2) _of choice in the future. (2) _McDonalds has undergone an(3) _change in more ways (3) _than one since a time(4) _years ago when its sales and reputation were sagging amid complaints about its se
3、rvice and food. (4) _The company reported first-quarter(5) _income was up (5) _6 percent to(6) _million and revenue rose 9 percent to 4.8 billion over the same time last year. (6) _Its stock price nearly tripled over a two-year period, hitting a four-year high of 34.56 per share in March, but has si
4、nce settled around 29.Snazzier new restaurants are part of the makeover; about 1,000, mostly older U.S. McDonalds have been either (7) _,or rebuilt since 2002. (7) _Some of the additions, such as salads, white-meat chicken nuggets and fruit options with Happy Meals, have served the(8) _purpose of en
5、abling the company to state a commitment to a healthier, (8) _balanced menu while bringing in new customers who arent there for the hamburgers.McDonalds now hopes to attract more(9) _with amenities that might entice them to come in and stay awhile.(9) _Analyst Peter Jankovskis thinks the extra inves
6、tments to try to make McDonalds restaurants hangouts are(10) _, noting that they have worked not only at Starbucks but at Panera Bread and other chains. (10)_（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_SECTION BQuestions 1 to 5 are based on an intervi
7、ew. At the end of the conversation you will be give 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).Old Fred does something stupid because -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.he has some mental problemsB.he is too old to know what he is doingC.he wants to have a good
8、ChristmasD.he has got into the habit of stealing(2).British police are not armed. The average policeman -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.doesnt really think about itB.dislike it very muchC.worries about it greatlyD.wants a reform(3).The interviewee feels that the English people love -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.violenceB.compr
9、omiseC.forearmsD.police(4).Once a man -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.threatened the policeB.took some hostagesC.robbed a bankD.locked himself in a house(5).What was the most important factor in solving that mans problem?（分数：1.00）A.Power.B.Skill.C.Patience.D.Weapons.BSECTION C/BIQuestion 6-8 is based on the follow
10、ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).According to the news, _ have been killed in the war.（分数：1.00）A.1,713B.1,711C.1,782D.1,730(2).Which statement is not true?（分数：1.00）A.Bush met Iraqi Prime Minister on Frida
11、yB.Brzezinski is a member of Republican PartyC.American people have no much confidence in the war in IraqD.Bush believed that the future would be tough(3).According to Bushs strategy for military success, the enemies included _.（分数：1.00）A.Saddam Husseins former regime membersB.terrorists trained by
12、al-JaafariC.war criminalsD.all of aboveIQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).Who will be glad to see that stunning waves?（分数：1.00）A.FishermenB.Scie
13、ntistsC.TouristsD.Surfers(2).Whats the purposes of the team experts to set sail?（分数：1.00）A.Their goal is only to prove the huge waves existenceB.They went to study the wavesC.They wanted to ride one as well as to prove its existenceD.They get sail just out of fun二、BPART READING (总题数：9，分数：20.00)In th
14、is section there are several reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.BTEXT A/BThe ivory-billed woodpecker, if you havent heard, is no longer extinct. In late spring, a group of 17 researchers announce
15、d in the online version of Science that they had spotted at least one member of this majestic species living in the cypress and tupelo swamps of eastern Arkansas. Once found everywhere in Southern hardwood forests, the ivory-billed woodpecker tumbled in population after the turn of the century, the
16、victim of avid collectors and logging. It had last been seen in 1944, reduced to what Tim Gallagher, author of “The Grail Bird: Hot on the Trail of the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker,“ calls “a symbol of everything that has gone wrong with our relationship to the environment.“The Grail Bird“ is the story o
17、f this remarkable rediscovery, told by one of the chief rediscoverers. The editor of Living Bird magazine, Gallagher began the book several years ago with milder ambitions. The plan was to interview anyone who had seen the bird - or thought he or she had. Soon, though, he was swept into a web of tan
18、talizing rumors and half-clues, propelled by the possibility that a living ivory-bill might yet be found. “If someone. could prove that this remarkable species still exists, it would be the most hopeful event imaginable: we would have one final chance to get it right, to save this bird and the botto
19、mland swamp forests it needs to survive.“ Hope was a thing with a three-foot wingspan.“The Grail Bird“ is less an ecological study than a portrait of human obsession; if not for the outcome, it could as easily be a book about the hunt for Bigfoot. Gallagher stakes out swamps teeming with alligators
20、and cottonmouths. He sifts through shady evidence, from fuzzy Instamatic photographs to bags of bark shavings - peeled, possibly, by the ivory-billed woodpecker in its search for beetle grubs. He suffers bloodied feet and an infected knee. His closest companion, Bobby Ray Harrison, a wildlife photog
21、rapher and an arts professor at Oakwood College, dresses in full camouflage gear and canoes with a camcorder attached to his helmet. “Sasquatch chasers,“ Gallaghers wife calls them. Yet for all the shenanigans, his book is an insightful look at what most biological fieldwork involves: a lot of sweat
22、ing, sitting and waiting for ghosts to - maybe - make themselves real.As tales go, “The Grail Bird“ isnt the most stylishly told. Gallagher lets his characters talk at too-great length, and the incidental details are sometimes overly incidental. (“After pigging out on bad burgers, we got a room at a
23、 cheap motel and quickly fell into a deep, exhausted sleep with lots of snoring.“) But most readers probably wont mind. As some rivers are to be enjoyed not for the quality of the water but for the quality of the stones to be found therein, so it is with some books. Gallagher presents a series of li
24、vely characters: Fielding Lewis, a former Louisiana state boxing commissioner who in 1971 took two fuzzy photographs of the woodpecker that were subsequently - and perhaps mistakenly - discredited; an anonymous “woodpecker-whisperer“ who claims to have a telepathic connection to the birds, even a th
25、ousand miles away. (One group of searchers failed, they were told, because they were noisily scaring off the bird.)Oddly missing from this recounting is any extended focus on the ivory-billed woodpecker itself. Granted, the bird has been invisible for decades, a presence notable largely for its abse
26、nce. Still, the book might have given us the animals history in more detail - something to convey the visceral appeal of this “grail.“ Without that, the quest - though triumphant - at times feels hollow, and the fulfillment of the authors obsession veers perilously close to sounding like an end in i
27、tself.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the text, the ivory-billed woodpecker _.（分数：1.00）A.is extinct since the year of 1994.B.was found by a group of 17 researchers through the internet.C.is called “Grail Bird“ because it is hallowed to the degree of holiness.D.is so famous that it has become a symbol of t
28、he spoiled relationship between human beings and nature.(2).By saying that the book of “Grail Bird“ could “easily be a book about the hunt for Bigfoot“, the author means that _.（分数：1.00）A.the book is merely about the hunt for impossible things.B.if the bird had not been discovered by the researchers
29、, the book would have been like all the books about Bigfoot- only legends, no facts and truths.C.the hunt for the ivory-billed woodpecker enjoys similarity to the hunt for Bigfoot, because both of them are rare animals.D.the book is about the human obsession of finding legendary animals and about th
30、eir guilty conscience facing nature.(3).Concerning the style of the book, it is revealed in the text that _.（分数：1.00）A.it is a normal book of discovering trip, with no particular style.B.it is stylish in its narration and the characters are vivid.C.its style is not so perfect especially concerning t
31、he trivial talks of the characters and the too incidental details.D.readers do not like the trivial style of this book.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Fielding Lewis has taken two pictures of the bird, but it was too fuzzy and he was mistakenly discredited.B.The author b
32、elieves that the woodpecker-whisperer do have a telepathic connection to the birds.C.The quality of the book may not so perfect in itself, but there is still something to be cherished and reflected on.D.There is much sweating, sitting and waiting before the completion of the book.(5).From this artic
33、le, we may draw the conclusion that _.（分数：1.00）A.The focus on the bird is an important yet missing characteristic, and without it even the successful discovery will seem hollow.B.It is not the bird but the human efforts that attract a lot of readers attention.C.The article argues that the book is wi
34、th great content and great focus.D.Although the book is not stylish, readers still find interesting things in its characterization and extended history of the bird.1.BTEXT B/BWe all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a c
35、omputer. Because computers work with binary numbers, first-generation languages, called machine languages, required the writing of long strings of binary numbers to represent such operations as add, subtract, and compare. Later improvements allowed octal, decimal, or hexadecimal representation of bi
36、nary strings. It is difficult to write error-free programs in machine language; many languages have been created to make programming easier and faster. Symbolic, or assembly, languages- second-generation languages- were introduced in the early 1950s. They use simple mnemonics such as “A“ for add or
37、“M“ for multiply, which are translated into machine language by a computer program called an assembler. An extension of such a language is the macro instruction, a mnemonic (such as “READ“) for which the assembler substitutes a series of simpler mnemonics. In the mid-1950s, a third generation of lan
38、guages came into use. Called high-level languages because they are largely independent of the hardware, these algorithmic, or procedural, languages are designed for solving a particular type of problem. Unlike machine or symbolic languages, they vary little between computers. They must be translated
39、 into machine code by a program called a compiler or interpreter. The first such language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), developed about 1956 and best used for scientific calculation. The first commercial language, COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language), was developed about 1959. ALGOL (ALGOr
40、ithmic Language), developed in Europe about 1958, is used primarily in mathematics and science, as is APL (A Programming Language), published in 1962. P1/1 (programming Language 1), developed in the late 1960s, and ADA (for Ada Augusta, countess of Lovelace, biographer of Charles Babbage), developed
41、 in 1981, are designed for both business and scientific use. For personal computers the most popular languages are BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), developed in 1967 and similar to FORTRAN, and Pascal (for Blaise Pascal, who built the first successful mechanical calculator),
42、introduced in 1971 as a teaching language. Modula 2, a Pacal-like language for commercial and mathematical applications, was introduced in 1982. The C language, introduced (1972) to implement the Unix operating system, has been extended to C+ to deal with the rigors of object-oriented programming. F
43、ourth-generation languages are nonprocedural. They specify what is to be accomplished without describing how. The first one, FORTH, developed in 1970, is used in scientific and industrial control applications. Most fourth-generation languages are written for specific purposes. Fifth-generation langu
44、ages, which are still in infancy, are an outgrowth of artificial intelligence research. PROLOG (PROgramming Logic) is useful for programming logical processes and making deductions automatically.Many other languages have been designed to meet specialized needs. GPSS (General Purpose System Simulator
45、) is used for modeling physical and environmental events, and SNOBOL (String-Oriented Symbolic Language) and LISP (LISt Processing) are designed for pattern matching and list processing. LOGO, a version of LISP, was developed in the 1960s to help children learn about computers. PILOT (Programmed Ins
46、truction Learning, Or Testing) is used in writing instructional software, and Occam is a nonsequential language that optimizes the execution of a programs instructions in parallel processing systems._BTEXT B/BWe all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or word
47、s used to give instructions to a computer. Because computers work with binary numbers, first-generation languages, called machine languages, required the writing of long strings of binary numbers to represent such operations as add, subtract, and compare. Later improvements allowed octal, decimal, o
48、r hexadecimal representation of binary strings. It is difficult to write error-free programs in machine language; many languages have been created to make programming easier and faster. Symbolic, or assembly, languages- second-generation languages- were introduced in the early 1950s. They use simple mnemonics such as “A“ for add or “M“ for multiply,
