1、专业八级-229 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)（分数：20.00）A.What to encounter in the US.B.How to play sports in the US.C.How to avoid psychological shock.D.How to handle cultural differences.A.Bowling style.B.Rugby style.C.Basketball style.D.NBA style.A.Take turns to speak.B
2、.Interrupt other people.C.Remain silent unless spoken to.D.Get offended when interrupted.A.Southern Europe.B.Northern Europe.C.African cultures.D.Latin America.A.Very casual style.B.Politely wait for one“s turn to speak.C.Interrupt other people regardless of the circumstances.D.Grasp available oppor
3、tunities to jump in conversation.（分数：20.00）A.Because it is rude to do so.B.Because it may cause trouble.C.Because it is inconsiderate to do so.D.Because their conversation style may not reflect their personalities.A.It may help enhance one“s awareness of cultural differences.B.It may help one gain a
4、 command of language use.C.It may help one improve his speaking skills.D.It may help one get along well with his fellow students.A.To show that students have to do a lot of project work.B.To show that the basketball style is not always apparent.C.To show that it is difficult for students to take not
5、es.D.To show MBA classes are mostly teacher-led classes.A.They tend to be more goal-oriented.B.There is likely to be more work.C.They tend to be more dynamic in conversation.D.Teachers may lose control of the class.A.To make sure the letter is “T“ instead of “D“.B.To tell the physician he needs a ta
6、ble.C.To indicate the physician is like a table.D.To make fun of the physician.（分数：15.00）A.Mechanical operation of the body.B.Absence of disease or illness.C.Physical, mental and social well-being.D.Well-connected social status.A.To improve mental health.B.To promote universal health care.C.To provi
7、de clean water.D.To establish wholesome social relationship.A.In the late 1940s.B.In the 1970s.C.In the 1980s.D.In the 1990s.A.Emphasizing the importance of lifestyle.B.Drinking clean water.C.Obtaining health care.D.Hiring private doctor.A.Supportive.B.Prejudiced.C.Negative.D.Confused.（分数：15.00）A.So
8、ciety.B.Gender.C.Economy.D.Environment.A.It was dedicated to free health care.B.It adopted a socio-ecological view of health.C.It laid emphasis on clean water and comfortable housing.D.It paid special attention to environmental protection.A.Crimes.B.Discrimination.C.Urbanization.D.Woman“s right.A.Ea
9、ch factor contributes to a distinct aspect of health.B.They directly promote physical health.C.They operate separately in terms of health.D.They are interdependent and jointly promote health.A.It provides basic strategies to achieve health for all people.B.It initiates a clean-water program for unde
10、rdeveloped countries.C.It comes to an agreement on environmental protection.D.It enables people to enjoy free health care in Canada.（分数：15.00）A.Online education in China.B.Digital gap in China.C.Good courseware in China.D.Credible exams in China.A.It is easy for parents to oversee their children“s s
11、tudy.B.It is easy for teachers to monitor the learning progress of students.C.It is easy for students to obtain the optimized educational resources.D.It is easy for students to make progress in study.A.Students can overcome barriers of space and time.B.Students can get much easier access to the Inte
12、rnet.C.Students can obtain the optimized educational resources.D.The Internet technology makes mass education possible.A.Nine years ago.B.Eight years ago.C.Seven years ago.D.Six years ago.A.It will bring a quick return of money.B.It will take a fairly long time to get profits from the investment.C.I
13、t is likely to see something in return after one or two years.D.Online education is not an ideal target for investment.（分数：15.00）A.Establishing online education project is something like building a supermarket.B.Internet technology can broaden digital gap between the poor and the rich.C.The biggest
14、problem of online education in China is the human mind.D.We have to humanize technology in online courseware development.A.They do not have enough money.B.They do not have the technology.C.They do not have the relevant personnel.D.They do not make good use of the available technologies.A.How to writ
15、e computer codes.B.How to integrate various materials.C.How to humanize technology.D.How to computerize concepts of education.A.The technology is not mature enough.B.It is difficult to develop an online testing program.C.It costs too much to develop and implement such a program.D.It is difficult to
16、check the identity of an examinee.A.It is easy to implement.B.Results of it are unbelievable.C.Safe monitoring testing is credible.D.It is quite widely used in China.专业八级-229 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)（分数：20.00）A.What to encounter in the US.B.How to play sports i
17、n the US.C.How to avoid psychological shock.D.How to handle cultural differences. 解析：听力原文 M: I“m Will Arditti, and this week we“re going to talk about what students coming to study in the US can do to avoid culture shock in the classroom. We invite Susan Iannuzzi. She“s an international consultant i
18、n English language teaching who lives in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Hi, Susan. Welcome. W: Thanks. M: So tell me what you did about it. W: Well, actually, one of the things that we did at the University of Pittsburgh was that we used the sports equivalence, which, you know, is not something we came u
19、p with. It“s the three conversational styles of, say, bowling, rugby and basketball. So, for example, the bowling style. That would be considered something perhaps highly considerate, which means that people from those countries would use a style where they would take turns and they would, you know,
20、 hold back if they“re a junior person and allow the older person or the more senior person to speak first. And then when they are asked for their opinion they would jump in. M: Just like you would take turns in a bowling game. W: Exactly. You go and roll and I“ll wait for you, and now it“s my turn,
21、and everybody knows that there are going to be turns. M: So that“s the high-considerate model. W: Yes. Then there“s, you know, the rugby style, which might be the other end. And this is high-involvement. And in this style you“re expected to interrupt other people and the other people are fine with t
22、hat, they expect to be interrupted. So there“s a sort of rapid changing of topic, changing of speakers and overlapping of speech. This is a style that“s common in southern Europe, in African cultures, in cultures of Latin America, many voices happening at one time. It“s also a style in Russia and Gr
23、eece. M: And then the basketball model? W: Well, the basketball model is a little bit closer to what we have here. So think about it as if you“re playing basketball. You“re carrying out the conversation, you“re just going along. And when you hesitate, other people see that as an opportunity to jump
24、in and steal the ball, to steal the conversation away. Not in a bad way, just as “Oh, it“s my turn now.“ What is the interview mainly about? 本题设题点在对话陈述处。根据听力原文可知，本次采访的内容是怎样避免文化冲击，因此 D为答案。A.Bowling style. B.Rugby style.C.Basketball style.D.NBA style.解析：听力原文 What kind of conversation style do people t
25、ake turns to give opinions? 本题设题点在举例处。根据听力原文可知，在保龄球式风格的讨论中，人们会轮流发言，因此 A为答案。A.Take turns to speak.B.Interrupt other people. C.Remain silent unless spoken to.D.Get offended when interrupted.解析：听力原文 What are you likely to do when you are engaged in rugby-style conversation? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，橄榄球式的讨论
26、风格会打断他人的谈话，而他人也不会介意，话题和说话人转换迅速，谈话会发生交叉，因此答案为 B。A.Southern Europe.B.Northern Europe. C.African cultures.D.Latin America.解析：听力原文 Which of the following do/does NOT often use the rugby style of conversation? 本题设题点在举例处。根据听力原文可知，橄榄球式的讨论风格在欧洲南部、非洲以及拉美的文化和俄罗斯以及希腊文化中很常见，所以答案为 B。A.Very casual style.B.Politel
27、y wait for one“s turn to speak.C.Interrupt other people regardless of the circumstances.D.Grasp available opportunities to jump in conversation. 解析：听力原文 According to Susan Iannuzzi, what may be the conversation style in the US? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，美国的讨论风格是听者在发现说话机会时会快速地进入讨论，并以打篮球进行比喻，因此答案为 D。（分数：20
28、.00）A.Because it is rude to do so.B.Because it may cause trouble.C.Because it is inconsiderate to do so.D.Because their conversation style may not reflect their personalities. 解析：听力原文 M: So what would you recommend, what practical things would you recommend for someone who“s coming into this country
29、 and who really knows nothing about these styles that you“re talking about? W: Well, you know, if they“re in an English language learning situation, I think it“s really helpful for them to realize that the other people that are there learning with them may come from different styles, so not to make
30、judgments about them, you know, as “Oh , you“re rude“ or “You“re inconsiderate“ or “You“re just very quiet and you never say anything“. Because these things may not be someone“s true personality. They may just be the conversation style that they“re accustomed to. M: Yeah. W: So, first of all, awaren
31、ess, I think, is the number one thing. It also helps if the instructors point these things out to people, because it“s not something that most of us are going to reflect on in our own lives, think about, well, how do I interact in a conversation? I don“t know what I do, I just do it. M: You“re sayin
32、g that the basketball model tends to be maybe more the traditional style in the US classroom. But is that always the case? W: You know, the dynamic of each class is different. I know that in, for example, the MBA schools, the students are expected to do a lot of project work, so the professors may n
33、ot be as involved in directing classroom interaction. There may be a lot of times when the students are working amongst themselves. I would imagine in teacher-led classes that this dynamic is much more apparent. I personally remember an instructor, I can“t remember where this professor was from, but
34、 the topic of the class just seemed to change constantly, as if, you know, “And now we“re going to talk about something completely different.“ It made for, you know, a challenging time in taking notes. M: And then there are the challenges of everyday language. Even a common way that Americans avoid
35、confusion when spelling a name out loud can be confusing if you“re not familiar with it. W: I remember a physician who had, you know, very good written English. He was used to writing papers and he could even present very well because he had presented at international conferences. But when he went t
36、o set up phone service, and he was telling them “My last name starts with T“ and they would say “T like table?“ he said “No, I“m not a table. I don“t need a table. It“s T.“ And he didn“t understand that they were using this strategy, this device of associating, you know, first letter of your name wi
37、th a common object so that we make sure that we write a T instead of a D. M: Susan Iannuzzi is a consultant on English language teaching who also writes textbooks. And that“s all for our interview. Thanks for coming, Susan. Goodbye. W: My pleasure. Goodbye. According to Susan Iannuzzi, why should we
38、 avoid judging other people“s conversation style? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，不要评判别人谈话风格的原因是：这样的风格并不是说话人性格的体现，只是他们的文化习惯而已，因此答案为 D。A.It may help enhance one“s awareness of cultural differences. B.It may help one gain a command of language use.C.It may help one improve his speaking skills.D.It may help one g
39、et along well with his fellow students.解析：听力原文 According to Susan Iannuzzi, why should the instructors point out the style differences in conversation ? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，教师指出谈话风格的不同是有益处的，因为这一点并不是学生通常会考虑到的问题，这有助于提升他们对文化差异的认识，因此正确答案为 A。A.To show that students have to do a lot of project work.B.To
40、show that the basketball style is not always apparent. C.To show that it is difficult for students to take notes.D.To show MBA classes are mostly teacher-led classes.解析：听力原文 Why does the interviewee mention the MBA schools? 本题设题点在举例处。根据听力原文可知，MBA 学校的机制与一般学校不同，在教师主导的课堂中，这种篮球式风格会更明显。这里暗示篮球风格并非在所有情况下都明
41、显，因此答案为 B。A.They tend to be more goal-oriented.B.There is likely to be more work.C.They tend to be more dynamic in conversation. D.Teachers may lose control of the class.解析：听力原文 What can we know about Susan Iannuzzi“s opinion of teacher-led classes? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，由教师主导的课堂讨论动态性更加明显，话题会发生变化，因此答
42、案为 C。A.To make sure the letter is “T“ instead of “D“. B.To tell the physician he needs a table.C.To indicate the physician is like a table.D.To make fun of the physician.解析：听力原文 What do Americans mean by saying “I like table?“ in the example? 本题设题点在转折处。根据听力原文可知，他们说 I like table的目的是将名字的第一个字母与一个常见物体相关
43、联，以明确所说的字母是 T而不是 D，因此答案为 A。（分数：15.00）A.Mechanical operation of the body.B.Absence of disease or illness. C.Physical, mental and social well-being.D.Well-connected social status.解析：听力原文 W: I am talking to Richard Johnson, an official of WHO, the World Health Organization. Today he will talk with us a
44、bout the change of people“s understanding of health. Hello, Richard. M: Hello. W: Now, Richard, the concept of health has been changing all the time. And different people and groups hold different opinions towards it. Would you mind telling us the original concept of health? M: Of course not. Health
45、 has long been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine. In this sense, health has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medica
46、l terms. Therefore, creating health for people means providing medical care to treat or prevent disease and illness. W: Then what was the emphasis of the work of the WHO during that period? M: Well, the emphasis was of course on providing clean water, improved sanitation and housing. W: I see. When
47、did the concept begin to change? M: In the late 1940s, the WHO challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health. They stated that health was a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. The mind, body and spirit of a person were se
48、en holistically. W: How long did this concept last? M: It lasted until the 1970s. At that time, people focused their attention on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle and behavior of the individuals. Specific behaviors which were seen to increase risk
49、of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behavior and lifestyles. W: It sounds reasonable. It must have been beneficial to people. M: Unfortunately, not. W: But why? M: You see, this individualistic healthy lifestyles approach did help the wealthy members of the society. But the majority were people experiencing poverty, unemployment or little control over the conditions
