1、专业八级-227 及答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Understanding Types of Poems. Epic poems A. Definition: a narrative concentrating on 1 and events that are significant to a particular culture B. Examples: 2000 B.C.: Gilgamesh recorded on 2 Greek: Homer“s Iliad and Odyssey 3 :
2、 Virgil“s Aeneid and Ovid“s Metamorphoses Medieval period: Beowulf 4 : Dante“s The Divine Comedy , John Milton“s Paradise Lost C. Characteristics: an imposing, significant 5 ; a vast setting; courageous, even superhuman actions; supernatural forces; an objective point of view . 6 A. Definition: shor
3、t poems expressing deep feelings, set to 7 and performed to audience B. Examples: the Greeks: Sappho and Pindar the Romans: Catullus and Horace the middle ages: Omar Khayyam from Persia later centuries: John Donne and Ben Jonson the 19th and 20th centuries: Wordsworth, Keats, Byron and Shelley C. Ch
4、aracteristics: depending on 8 . Dramatic poems A. Definition: derived from theatrical drama, written in the form of a dialogue or a 9 B. Examples: 10 , Indian drama, Chinese opera, and Japanese Noh theatre . The 11 : sonnets, ballads, odes, epigrams and so on A. Sonnets 1)English sonnets: written by
5、 Shakespeare length: 14 lines rhyme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg rhythm: five two-syllable feet 2)Petrarchan or Italian sonnet: named after Francesco Petrarch rhyme: 8 line: abbaabba 6 line: xyzxyz 3)theme: love and affection with 12 B. Ballads: presenting a dramatic or exciting episode from 13 form: four
6、lines per stanza and a refrain rhyme: abab C. Odes: poems with serious subject matters, elevated styles and elaborate structures 1)uniform stanzas and a regular rhythm pattern 2)three sections of stanza: describing the 14 or situation presenting the problem presenting an insight D. Epigrams: short p
7、oems ending with a wise point functions 15 in different traditions （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_How to Be Effective Readers?. Introduction of reading and how to be effective readers A. Introduction of reading A method of absorbing 16 comprehension reading speed Factors influencing our reading ability: vocabular
8、y cultural background knowledge 17 B. How to be effective readers Developing a love of reading: making leading a regular and enjoyable activity Having a dear 18 in reading: why improve the reading speed different strategies for 19 Developing good reading habits: concentrating on the important parts
9、20 skipping the insignificant parts . The types of reading A. Intensive reading: reading carefully for a(n) 21 of text Benefits: achieving fluency and competence in 22 developing critical thinking skills B. Extensive reading: reading a lot for pleasure with emphasis on 23 Benefits: increasing 24 , e
10、specially reading level and speed promoting our own reading development encouraging us to be 25 readers developing the habit of reading for pleasure . The skills of effective reading A. Skill focuses for different levels of readers Programs for beginners: developing a basic reading vocabulary 26 ski
11、lls reading for meaning Programs for intermediate or advanced readers: expanding vocabulary 27 comprehension skills mastering skills B. Skills for quick and efficient reading Skimming: finding the 28 of the passage only trying to locate 29 Scanning: searching for 30 or ideas moving your eyes quickly
12、 down the page （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_Sexism in EnglishSexism in English language reflects the traditional ethics that men are 31 to women. Here, four aspects will be discussed to explain the causes. . The cultural factor Holy Bible : 32 the order of the birth of man and woman 33 committed by the woman .
13、The physiological factor men: 34 women: mature more rapidly women being considered to be 35 in intelligence . The social factor: 36 1. Feminists: the society we live in is 37 2. 38 in allocating tasks, activities, rights and responsibilities In history: women were responsible for housework and child
14、-care, while men“s mission is 39 . In modern society: 1)Half of women are employed 40 , but their main roles are wife and mother. 2)Men also have family roles, but they are mainly defined by their 41 position. . 42 People treat women as men“s appendix. men: educated to be manly, 43 , and brave women
15、: 1)required to be polite, conservative, obedient, and gentle 2)have to constrain their emotions to 44 men 3)mould themselves to be inferior in their potential sub-consciousness 4)try to speak 45 to show their submission and politeness （分数：40.05）填空项 1:_专业八级-227 答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING
16、COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Understanding Types of Poems. Epic poems A. Definition: a narrative concentrating on 1 and events that are significant to a particular culture B. Examples: 2000 B.C.: Gilgamesh recorded on 2 Greek: Homer“s Iliad and Odyssey 3 : Virgil“s Aeneid and Ovid“s Metamorphoses Mediev
17、al period: Beowulf 4 : Dante“s The Divine Comedy , John Milton“s Paradise Lost C. Characteristics: an imposing, significant 5 ; a vast setting; courageous, even superhuman actions; supernatural forces; an objective point of view . 6 A. Definition: short poems expressing deep feelings, set to 7 and p
18、erformed to audience B. Examples: the Greeks: Sappho and Pindar the Romans: Catullus and Horace the middle ages: Omar Khayyam from Persia later centuries: John Donne and Ben Jonson the 19th and 20th centuries: Wordsworth, Keats, Byron and Shelley C. Characteristics: depending on 8 . Dramatic poems A
19、. Definition: derived from theatrical drama, written in the form of a dialogue or a 9 B. Examples: 10 , Indian drama, Chinese opera, and Japanese Noh theatre . The 11 : sonnets, ballads, odes, epigrams and so on A. Sonnets 1)English sonnets: written by Shakespeare length: 14 lines rhyme: abab, cdcd,
20、 efef, gg rhythm: five two-syllable feet 2)Petrarchan or Italian sonnet: named after Francesco Petrarch rhyme: 8 line: abbaabba 6 line: xyzxyz 3)theme: love and affection with 12 B. Ballads: presenting a dramatic or exciting episode from 13 form: four lines per stanza and a refrain rhyme: abab C. Od
21、es: poems with serious subject matters, elevated styles and elaborate structures 1)uniform stanzas and a regular rhythm pattern 2)three sections of stanza: describing the 14 or situation presenting the problem presenting an insight D. Epigrams: short poems ending with a wise point functions 15 in di
22、fferent traditions （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：heroic deeds）解析： heroic deeds 听力原文 Understanding Types of PoemsGood morning, everyone, welcome to my lecture. Today“s topic is about the types of poems. We all know a poem is a created work that uses language to express ideas that are meaningful and memorab
23、le. Several broad types of poems that have been used throughout history include the epic poems, lyrical poems, dramatic poems, and the various familiar fixed forms such as ballads and sonnets. So, today, we“d like to talk about different types of poems, a special kind of literature. The first type w
24、e will talk about is the epic poems, the oldest poetic form. Sometimes we call it the heroic poem. An epic poem is a long narrative that concentrates on heroic deeds and events that are significant to a particular culture. Mythology is often expressed in the form of an epic poem. Many epics existed
25、in oral form only and have not survived. Examples of epic poems that have survived in written form include Gilgamesh, which was recorded about 2000 BC on clay tablets. Much of Greek mythology was recorded as epic poems by numerous authors, including Homer“s Iliad and his Odyssey. Virgil“s Aeneid and
26、 Ovid“s Metamorphoses are famous epics which cover Roman mythology. Written during the medieval period, Beowulf relates numerous Anglo-Saxon legends. More recent examples of popular epic poems include Dante“s The Divine Comedy, John Milton“s Paradise Lost and so on. Characteristics of an epic poem i
27、nclude an imposing, significant hero; a vast setting; courageous, even superhuman actions; supernatural forces, such as demons or gods; and an objective point of view surveying the whole story . The second type is the lyrical poems. Lyric poetry originally referred to as the Greek practice of delive
28、ring verse to the accompaniment of the music. A lyric poem generally is a short poem, often expressing personal deep feelings, having a musical quality that might be set to music and performed to audience. Some familiar lyric poets include the Greeks, Sappho and Pindar, and the Romans, Catullus and
29、Horace. During the middle ages the Persian Omar Khayyam wrote memorable lyric verses. During later centuries John Donne and Ben Jonson were famous for their lyric poems. The 19th and 20th centuries were filled with lyric poets. Some of the most famous include Wordsworth, Keats, Byron and Shelley. Ly
30、ric poems typically depend on rhythm and rhyme. Rhythm is often called meter and is composed of several feet or beats. Two syllable feet and three syllable feet are the most common, and a lyric verse normally has a small number of lines, each divided into a recognizable pattern of feet. A verse may
31、contain a definite rhyme pattern or may be left without rhyme and called blank verse. The third type is the dramatic poems. Dramatic poetry is meant to be spoken or sung to an audience. It derives from theatrical drama and is generally written in the form of a dialogue or a monologue. Examples of dr
32、amatic poetry can be found in Greek tragedies, Indian drama, Chinese opera and Japanese Noh theatre. The last type would be summarized as the various familiar fixed forms of poetry. There are many popular fixed forms of it, such as sonnets, ballads, odes, epigrams and so on. Each form follows a defi
33、nite model. The most famous sonnets are those of Shakespeare“s, also called English sonnets. English sonnets are 14 lines in length and consist of 3 verses, which consist of four lines, and a couplet, which consists of two lines. The rhyme pattern is generally characterized by abab, cdcd, efef, gg.
34、Shakespeare“s lines employ a five two-syllable feet rhythm. Another popular sonnet form is the Petrarchan or Italian sonnet, named after Francesco Petrarch. This form also has 14 lines broken into an 8 line with a rhyme pattern of abbaabba and a 6 line with a rhyme pattern of xyzxyz. Sonnets are oft
35、en written about love and affection and employ skillful imagery. Their length allows the poet to create complications in the body of the sonnet and then to resolve the conflicts in the closing lines. A ballad is a form of verse meant to be sung or recited and usually presents a dramatic or exciting
36、episode from real life. The traditional ballad form includes four lines per stanza and, often, a refrain. The four lines in each ballad verse consist of tour two-syllable feet in the first and third lines and three two-syllable feet in the second and fourth lines. The rhyme pattern is often abab. An
37、 ode is generally a lengthy lyric poem with a serious subject matter, and elevated style, and an elaborate structure. One form is modeled after the Roman poet, Horatio, and uses uniform stanzas and a regular rhythm pattern. The stanzas are often divided into three sections. The first section describ
38、es the scene or situation. The second section presents the problem, and the third section presents an insight, a vision, a decision, or a revelation. Epigrams are usually short poems ending with a twist or a clever, witty point. In the Greek tradition they were inscribed on statues or sanctuaries. I
39、n the Roman tradition the epigram became a witty gift given to entertain a patron or a loved one, and not something to be inscribed. In the English tradition the epigram became a witty rhymed couplet with Coleridge, Pope, and even Benjamin Franklin becoming its master. Of course, there are a few oth
40、er identifiable poetic forms in addition to the ones mentioned above. And certainly, there will be additional forms invented by insightful poets in the future. Above all, understanding and appreciating the many different forms of poetry will help you more generally appreciate the creative work of th
41、e poets. So read some poems after class and I am sure you will have some new findings through doing so. See you next time. 考点 本题设题点在定义解释处。 演讲者首先谈论的是四大种类诗歌中的第一种类 epic poems，根据听力原文可知，史诗是以英雄事迹和对特定文化有重大意义的事件为主题的长篇叙事诗，故答案为 heroic deeds。 解析： clay tablets 考点 本题设题点在定语从句处。 演讲者接下来列举了史诗的例子，第一个提到的是 Gilgamesh ，根
42、据听力原文可知，史诗 Gilgamesh 是在大约公元前 2000 年被记录在泥板上的，故答案为 clay tablets。 解析： Roman 考点 本题考查重要细节。 演讲者列举史诗例子时，提到了不同时期的文学作品，由听力原文中的 Virgil“s Aeneid and Ovid“s Metamorphoses are famous epics which cover Roman mythology. 可知，答案为 Roman。 解析： recent times 考点 本题考查重要细节的概括。 根据听力原文 More recent examples of popular epic poem
43、s include Dante“s The Divine Comedy , John Milton“s Paradise Lost. 可知，本题答案为 recent times。 解析： hero 考点 本题设题点在列举处。 根据听力原文可知，史诗的特征包括伟大的英雄、宏大的背景、勇敢的行动、超自然的力量，以及能概述整个故事的客观观点，故填入 hero。 解析： Lyrical poems 考点 本题考点设在分论点处。 由听力原文 The second type is the lyrical poems. 可知，演讲者接下来讨论了诗的第二种类 Lyrical poems，即抒情诗，故本题答案为
44、 Lyrical poems，注意该空位于句首，首字母须大写。 解析： music 考点 本题考查重要细节。 演讲者指出抒情诗通常是表达人们内心强烈感受的短诗，根据听力原文可知，抒情诗是具有音乐特质的，可能会设有背景音乐并表演给观众，故答案为 music。 解析： rhythm and rhyme 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，抒情诗注重节奏和韵律，故答案为 rhythm and rhyme。 解析： monologue 考点 本题考查重要细节。 演讲者介绍的第三种诗歌为 dramatic poems，再由听力原文.in the form of a dialogue or a m
45、onologue. 可知，戏剧诗以对话或独白的形式表现，故本题答案为 monologue。 解析： Greek tragedies 考点 本题设题点在举例处。 演讲者谈论的第三种类型的诗是 dramatic poems，即戏剧诗，根据听力原文可知，戏剧诗的典范包括古希腊悲剧、印度戏剧、中国京剧以及日本能剧，故填入 Greek tragedies。 解析： fixed forms 考点 本题设题点在分论点处。 根据听力原文可知，诗歌中的最后一个类型为大家所熟知的诗的固定形式，包括十四行诗、歌谣、颂歌、警句等，故答案为 fixed forms。 解析： imagination 考点 本题考查重要细
46、节。 根据听力原文可知，十四行诗的主题是关于爱和情感，并熟练地运用想象力，由于空格处需要填入一个名词，故答案为 imagination。 解析： real life 考点 本题设题点在分论点处。 根据听力原文可知，歌谣被用来传唱或朗诵，它通常来源于现实生活中戏剧性的或激动人心的一段情节，因此答案为 real life。 解析： scene 考点 本题考查重要细节。 在谈论颂歌时，演讲者指出颂歌运用统一的诗节和常规的韵律模式，根据听力原文可知，诗节常被分为三个部分：第一部分为 describes the scene or situation(描述场景或情况)；第二部分为 presents the
47、 problem(提出问题)；第三部分为 presents an insight, a vision, a decision, or a revelation(表达见解等)，故答案为 scene。 解析： vary/differ 考点 本题考查对细节的归纳概括。 根据听力原文可知，在希腊传统里，警句被刻在雕像或圣殿里；在罗马传统里，警句作为礼物用来娱乐他人；而在英语传统中，警句成为诙谐押韵的对句。由此可见，在不同的传统里，警句的功能大不相同，故答案为 vary 或者 differ。 How to Be Effective Readers?. Introduction of reading an
48、d how to be effective readers A. Introduction of reading A method of absorbing 16 comprehension reading speed Factors influencing our reading ability: vocabulary cultural background knowledge 17 B. How to be effective readers Developing a love of reading: making leading a regular and enjoyable activ
49、ity Having a dear 18 in reading: why improve the reading speed different strategies for 19 Developing good reading habits: concentrating on the important parts 20 skipping the insignificant parts . The types of reading A. Intensive reading: reading carefully for a(n) 21 of text Benefits: achieving fluency and competence in 22 developing critical thinking skills B.
