1、专业八级-226 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BStudy Activities in University/B In order to help college and university students in the process of learning, four key study activities have been designed and used to encourage them to make knowledge their own. essay writing: ce
2、ntral focus of university work esp. in the humanities, e.g.(l) (1) _ Benefits: 1) helping to select interesting content in books and to express understanding. 2) enabling teachers to know progress and to offer (2) _ (2) _ 3) familiarizing students with exam forms. seminars and classroom discussion:
3、another form to internalize knowledge in specialized contexts. Benefits: 1) (3) _ enables you to know the effectiveness of your (3) _ expression and others response to your speech immediately. 2) Within the same period of time, more topics can be dealt with than in (4) _ (4) _ 3) The use of a broade
4、r range of knowledge is encouraged. individual tutorials: a substitute for group discussion. Format: from teacher (5) _ to flexible conversation. (5) _ Benefit: encouraging ideas and interaction. lectures: a most (6) _ used study activity. (6) _ Disadvantages: 1) less (7) _ than discussions or tutor
5、ials. (7) _ 2) more demanding in note-taking. Advantages: 1) providing a general (8) _ of a subject under discussion. (8) _ 2) offering more easily understood versions of a theory. 3) updating students on (9) _ developments. (9) _ 4) allowing students to following different (10) _. (10) _（分数：10.00）填
6、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Old Fred does something stupid because _.（分数：1.00）A.he has some mental problemsB.he is too old to know what he is doingC.he wants to have a good ChristmasD.he has got into the habit of stealing(2).B
7、ritish police are not armed. The average policeman _.（分数：1.00）A.doesnt really think about itB.dislike it very muchC.worries about it greatlyD.wants a reform(3).The interviewee feels that the English people love _.（分数：1.00）A.violenceB.compromiseC.forearmsD.police(4).Once a man_.（分数：1.00）A.threatened
8、the policeB.took some hostagesC.robbed a bankD.locked himself in a house(5).What was the most important factor in solving that man s problem?（分数：1.00）A.Power.B.Skill.C.Patience.D.Weapons.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).According to the news,_ have been killed in the war.（分数：1.00）A.1,713B.1,711C.1,7
9、82D.1,730(2).Which statement is not tree?（分数：1.00）A.Bush met Iraqi Prime Minister on Friday.B.Brzezinski is a member of Republican Party.C.American people have no much confidence in the war in Iraq.D.Bush believed that the future would be tough.(3).According to Bush s strategy for military success,
10、the enemies included _.（分数：1.00）A.Saddam Hussein s former regime membersB.terrorists trained by al-JaafariC.war criminalsD.all of aboveI Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen
11、 to the news. /I（分数：2.00）(1).Who will be glad to see that stunning waves?（分数：1.00）A.Fishermen.B.Scientists.C.Tourists.D.Surfers.(2).What s the purposes of the team experts to set sail?（分数：1.00）A.Their goal is only to prove the huge wave s existence.B.They went to study the waves.C.They wanted to rid
12、e one as well as to prove its existence.D.They get sail just out of fun.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BThe ivory-billed woodpecker, if you haven t heard, is no longer extinct. In late spring, a group of 17 researchers announced in the online version of Science that they had spotted at leas
13、t one member of this majestic species living in the cypress and tupelo swamps of eastern Arkansas. Once found everywhere in Southern hardwood forests, the ivory-billed woodpecker tumbled in population after the turn of the century, the victim of avid collectors and logging. It had last been seen in
14、1944, reduced to what Tim Gallagher, author of “The Grail Bird: Hot on the Trail of the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker,“ calls “a symbol of everything that has gone wrong with our relationship to the environment.“The Grail Bird“ is the story of this remarkable rediscovery, told by one of the chief rediscov
15、erers. The editor of Living Bird magazine, Gallagher began the book several years ago with milder ambitions. The plan was to interview anyone who had seen the bird - or thought he or she had. Soon, though, he was swept into a web of tantalizing rumors and half-clues, propelled by the possibility tha
16、t a living ivory-bill might yet be found. “If someonecould prove that this remarkable species still exists, it would be the most hopeful event imaginable: we would have one final chance to get it right, to save this bird and the bottomland swamp forests it needs to urvive.“ Hope was a thing with a t
17、hree-foot wingspan.“The Grail Bird“ is less an ecological study than a portrait of human obsession; if not for the outcome, it could as easily be a book about the hunt for Bigfoot. Gallagher stakes out swamps teeming with alligators and cottonmouths. He sifts through shady evidence, from fuzzy Insta
18、matic photographs to bags of bark shavings - peeled, possibly, by the ivory-billed woodpecker in its search for beetle grubs. He suffers bloodied feet and an infected knee. His closest companion, Bobby Ray Harrison, a wildlife photographer and an arts professor at Oakwood College, dresses in full ca
19、mouflage gear and canoes with a camcorder attached to his helmet. Sasquatch chasers,“ Gallagher s wife calls them. Yet for all the shenanigans, his book is an insightful look at what most biological fieldwork involves: a lot of sweating, sitting and waiting for ghosts to - maybe - make themselves re
20、al.As tales go, “The Grail Bird“ isnt the most stylishly told. Gallagher lets his characters talk at too-great length, and the incidental details are sometimes overly incidental. (“After pigging out on bad burgers, we got a room at a cheap motel and quickly fell into a deep, exhausted sleep with lot
21、s of snoring.“) But most readers probably won t mind. As some rivers are to be enjoyed not for the quality of the water but for the quality of the stones to be found therein, so it is with some books. Gallagher presents a series of lively characters: Fielding Lewis, a former Louisiana state boxing c
22、ommissioner who in 1971 took two fuzzy photographs of the wood pecker that were subsequently - and perhaps mistakenly - discredited; an anonymous “woodpecker whisperer“ who claims to have a telepathic connection to the birds, even a thousand miles away. (One group of searchers failed, they were told
23、, because they were noisily scaring off the bird.)Oddly missing from this recounting is any extended focus on the ivory-billed woodpecker itself. Granted, the bird has been invisible for decades, a presence notable largely for its absence. Still, the book might have given us the animal s history in
24、more detail - something to convey the visceral appeal of this “grail.“ Without that, the quest - though triumphant - at times feels hollow, and the fulfillment of the author s obsession veers perilously close to sounding like an end in itself.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the text, the ivory-billed wood
25、pecker _.（分数：1.00）A.is extinct since the year of 1994B.was found by a group of 17 researchers through the internetC.is called “Grail Bird“ because it is hallowed to the degree of holinessD.is so famous that it has become a symbol of the spoiled relationship between human beings and nature(2).By sayi
26、ng that the book of “Grail Bird“ could “easily be a book about the hunt for Bigfoot“, the author means that _.（分数：1.00）A.the book is merely about the hunt for impossible thingsB.if the bird had not been discovered by the researchers, the book would have been like all the books about Bigfoot - only l
27、egends, no facts and truthsC.the hunt for the ivory-billed woodpecker enjoys similarity to the hunt for Bigfoot, because both of them are rare animalsD.the book is about the human obsession of finding legendary animals and about their guilty conscience facing nature(3).Concerning the style of the bo
28、ok, it is revealed in the text that _.（分数：1.00）A.it is a normal book of discovering trip, with no particular styleB.it is stylish in its narration and the characters are vividC.its style is not so perfect especially concerning the trivial talks of the characters and the too incidental detailsD.reade
29、rs do not like the trivial style of this book(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Fielding Lewis has taken two pictures of the bird, but it was too fuzzy and he was mistakenly discredited.B.The author believes that the woodpecker-whisperer do have a telepathic connection to t
30、he birds.C.The quality of the book may not so perfect in itself, but there is still something to be cherished and reflected on.D.There is much sweating, sitting and waiting before the completion of the book.(5).From this article, we may draw the conclusion that（分数：1.00）A.The focus on the bird is an
31、important yet missing characteristic, and without it even the successful discovery will seem hollowB.It is not the bird but the human efforts that attract a lot of readers attentionC.The article argues that the book is with great content and great focusD.Although the book is not stylish, readers sti
32、ll find interesting things in its characterization and extended history of the birdBTEXT B/BWe all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a computer. Because computers work with binary numbers, first-generation languages, ca
33、lled machine languages, required the writing of long strings of binary numbers to represent such operations as add, subtract, and compare. Later improvements allowed octal, decimal, or hexadecimal representation of binary strings. It is difficult to write error-free programs in machine language; man
34、y languages have been created to make programming easier and faster. Symbolic, or assembly, languages- second-generation languages- were introduced in the early 1950s. They use simple mnemonics such as “A“ for add or “M“ for multiply, which are translated into machine language by a computer program
35、called an assembler. An extension of such a language is the macro instruction, a mnemonic (such as “READ“ ) for which the assembler substitutes a series of simpler mnemonics. In the mid-1950s, a third generation of languages came into use. Called high-level languages because they are largely indepen
36、dent of the hardware, these algorithmic, or procedural, languages are designed for solving a particular type of problem. Unlike machine or symbolic languages, they vary little between computers. They must be translated into machine code by a program called a compiler or interpreter. The first such l
37、anguage was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), developed about 1956 and best used for scientific calculation. The first commercial language, COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language), was developed about 1959. ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language), developed in Europe about 1958, is used primarily in mathematics
38、 and science, as is APL (A Programming Language), published in 1962. PI/1 (programming Language I), developed in the late 1960s, and ADA (for Ada Augusta, countess of Lovelace, biographer of Charles Babbage), developed in 1981, are designed for both business and scientific use. For personal computer
39、s the most popular languages are BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), developed in 1967 and similar to FORTRAN, and Pascal (for Blaise Pascal, who built the first successful mechanical calculator), introduced in 1971 as a teaching language. Modula 2, a Pacal-like language for com
40、mercial and mathematical applications, was introduced in 1982. The C language, introduced (1972) to implement the Unix operating system, has been extended to C + to deal with the rigors of object-oriented programming. Fourth-generation languages are nonprocedural. They specify what is to be accompli
41、shed without describing how. The first one, FORTH, developed in 1970, is used in scientific and industrial control applications. Most fourth-generation languages are written for specific purposes. Fifth-generation languages, which are still in infancy, are an outgrowth of artificial intelligence res
42、earch. PROLOG (PRO gramming Logic) is useful for programming logical processes and making deductions automatically.Many other languages have been designed to meet specialized needs. GPSS (General Purpose System Simulator) is used for modeling physical and environmental events, and SNOBOL (String-Ori
43、ented Symbolic Language) and LISP (LISt Processing) are designed for pattern matching and list processing. LOGO, a version of LISP, was developed in the 1960s to help children learn about computers. PILOT (Programmed Instruction Learning, Or Testing) is used in writing instructional software, and Oc
44、cam is a nonsequential language that optimizes the execution of a program s instructions in parallel processing systems.（分数：3.00）(1).The 3rd generation of programming language shares all the following characteristics EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.it is used in designing softwareB.it is hardware-independentC.i
45、s should be translated into the computer language by softwareD.it is designed to solve some specific problem(2).In the late 1950 s, for the first time a computer programming language _.（分数：1.00）A.began using binary numbersB.was used to implement the Unix operating systemC.was put into the marketD.wa
46、s used for modeling physical and environmental events(3).Which programming language is designed for the instruction of youngsters?（分数：1.00）A.B AS IC.B.FORTRAN.C.ALGOL.D.LOGO.BTEXT C/BIn sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruli
47、ng families to try to preserve theft superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teachin
48、g them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance. In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Amo
