1、专业八级-225 及答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)The Differences Between American and British English. Introduction American English and British English: two 1 of English A. Three major differences: 2 vocabulary spelling B. The most important rule of thumb: be 3 in your usage
2、 . Principal differences between American and British English A. Use of the present perfect 4 : to express an action that has occurred in the recent past and has influence until now example: “I lost my key. Can you help me look for it?“ is 5 in British English but accepted in American English. other
3、 differences concerning the use of already, just and yet B. 6 two forms: have or have got have got being 7 in British English; have being popular in American English C. The verb get the past participle in American English: gotten ; got in British English D. Vocabulary: the major difference the same
4、word means different things, e.g. 8 , rubber solution: 9 exception: the 10 used for automobiles E. 11 examples: on the weekend/at the weekend; on a team/in a team; please write me soon/please write to me soon F. Past simple/past participle some verbs with two forms of the past simple/past participle
5、: burn, burnt or burned, dream, dreamt or dreamed, etc. British English: 12 ; American English: the regular one G. 13 words ending in -or (American) -our (British); words ending in -ize (American) -ise (British) to use the 14 on your word processor . Conclusion A. Very few differences between Britis
6、h and American English B. The largest difference: the choice of vocabulary and 15 （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_Good WritingEducators in English-speaking countries have developed a set of basic characteristics of good English writingunity, 16 , emphasis, development and clarity. Here, a different set of concepts
7、 are introduced: . Good writing is 17 . It should be 18 , having something insightful to say about the topic. It is not simply 19 . It may 1)enlighten you or 20 the subject; 2)make you feel something similar; 3)make you feel exactly 21 . . Good writing involves thoughtful 22 . It is the result of 99
8、% of hard work and 1% of 23 . . Good writing is directed toward an 24 . The audience determines 1)diction and sentence structure 2)the sentence 25 3)the overall 26 4)details that would be included . Good writing achieves a clear 27 . . Good writing expresses 28 clearly. It reflects good thinking, wh
9、ich should be put into precise, 29 and lucid articles. For non-native speakers of English, clear expression involves being 30 . （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_How to Build Your Vocabulary EffectivelyVocabulary is the foundation of learning a language. Without it, none of the skills could be learned well. Here are
10、 some methods to build your vocabulary effectively: . Be aware of 31 guess a word“s meaning from its 32 look up the word 33 34 words of interest to you . Gain vocabulary through reading A. Reason: 35 what to learn 36 what you have learned B. 37 : what attract you what are 38 for you . Use dictionary
11、 as a(n) 39 keep it at hand use a good dictionary in your workplace cheek up the various meanings of one word get a(n) 40 of the way the word has developed from the word“s history . Review the words regularly set aside a specific amount of 41 look up new words and review old words set a goal for the
12、 42 of words and by what date keep the information on a word 43 . The 44 factor 45 being the most vital factor （分数：40.05）填空项 1:_专业八级-225 答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)The Differences Between American and British English. Introduction American English and British Engl
13、ish: two 1 of English A. Three major differences: 2 vocabulary spelling B. The most important rule of thumb: be 3 in your usage . Principal differences between American and British English A. Use of the present perfect 4 : to express an action that has occurred in the recent past and has influence u
14、ntil now example: “I lost my key. Can you help me look for it?“ is 5 in British English but accepted in American English. other differences concerning the use of already, just and yet B. 6 two forms: have or have got have got being 7 in British English; have being popular in American English C. The
15、verb get the past participle in American English: gotten ; got in British English D. Vocabulary: the major difference the same word means different things, e.g. 8 , rubber solution: 9 exception: the 10 used for automobiles E. 11 examples: on the weekend/at the weekend; on a team/in a team; please wr
16、ite me soon/please write to me soon F. Past simple/past participle some verbs with two forms of the past simple/past participle: burn, burnt or burned, dream, dreamt or dreamed, etc. British English: 12 ; American English: the regular one G. 13 words ending in -or (American) -our (British); words en
17、ding in -ize (American) -ise (British) to use the 14 on your word processor . Conclusion A. Very few differences between British and American English B. The largest difference: the choice of vocabulary and 15 （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：varieties）解析： varieties 听力原文 The Differences Between American and B
18、ritish EnglishGood morning, everyone, today we are going to talk about the differences between American and British English. While there are certainly many more varieties of English, American English and British English are the two varieties that are taught in most programs of teaching non-native sp
19、eakers. Generally, it is agreed that no one version is “correct“, however, there are certainly preferences in use. The three major differences between American and British English are: pronunciation differences in both vowel and consonants, as well as stress and intonation; vocabularydifferences in
20、nouns and verbs, especially phrasal verb usage; spellingdifferences are generally found in certain prefix and suffix forms. The most important rule of thumb is to try to be consistent in your usage. If you decide that you want to use American English spellings, then be consistent in your spelling. I
21、n another word, the color of the orange is also its flavourcolor is American spelling and flavour is British. This is of course not always easyor possible. The following guide is meant to point out the principal differences between these two varieties of English. Firstly, use of the present perfect
22、in British English. The present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past and has an effect on the present moment. For example, I“ve lost my key. Can you help me look for it? In American English the following is also possible: I lost my key. Can you help me look for i
23、t? In British English the above would be considered incorrect. However, both forms are generally accepted in standard American English. Other differences involving the use of the present perfect in British English and simple past in American English include already, just and yet. In British English
24、I“ve just had lunch. I“ve already seen that film. Have you finished your homework yet? In American English: I just had lunch or I“ve just had lunch, I“ve already seen that film or I already saw that film. Have your finished your homework yet? or Did you finish your homework yet? Secondly, possession
25、. There are two forms to express possession in English. Have or Have got: Do you have a car? Have you got a car? He hasn“t got any friends. He doesn“t have any friends. She has a beautiful new home. She“s got a beautiful new home. While both forms are correct and accepted in both British and America
26、n English, have got, have you got, he hasn“t got, etc. are generally the preferred forms in British English while most speakers of American English employ the “have“: do you have, he doesn“t have, etc. Thirdly, the verb get . The past participle of the verb get is gotten in American English. For exa
27、mple, he“s gotten much better at playing tennis. In British English, they say he“s got much better at playing tennis. Fourthly, vocabulary. Probably the major difference between British and American English lies in the choice of vocabulary. Some words mean different things in the two varieties, for
28、example, mean: in American Englishangry, bad humored, while in British Englishnot generous, tight fisted; rubber: in American Englishcondom, while in British Englishtool used to erase pencil markings. There are many more examples, too many for me to list here. If there is a difference in usage, your
29、 dictionary will note the different meanings in its definition of the term. Many vocabulary items are also used in one form and not in the other. One of the best examples of this is the terminology used for automobiles. American English hood , British English bonnet ; American English trunk , Britis
30、h English boot ; American English truck , British English lorry . Once again, your dictionary should list whether the term is used in British English or American English. Fifthly, prepositions. There are also a few differences in preposition use, including the following: American English on the week
31、end , British English at the weekend ; American Englishon a team , British English in a team ; American English please write me soon , British English please write to me soon . Sixthly, past simple/past participle. The following verbs have two acceptable forms of the past simple/past participle in b
32、oth American and British English, burn, burnt or burned, dream, dreamt or dreamed, learn, learnt or learned, smell, smelt or smelled, spell, spelt or spelled, spill, spilt or spilled, spoil, spoilt or spoiled. However, the irregular form is generally more common in British English (the first form of
33、 the two) and the regular form is more common to American English. Seventhly, spelling. Here are some general differences between British and American spellings: Words ending in - or (American) -our (British), color, colour, humor, humour, flavor, flavour etc. Words ending in -ize (American) -ise (B
34、ritish), recognize, recognise, patronize, patronise, etc. The best way to make sure that you are being consistent in your spelling is to use the spell check on your word processor if you are using the computer and choosing which variety of English you would like. As you can see, there are really ver
35、y few differences between standard British English and standard American English. However, the largest difference is probably the choice of vocabulary and pronunciation. No matter which dialect you have chosen, you need to be consistent in the usage. I hope that you, by adopting my suggestions, can
36、speak fluent and standard American or British English with perfect pronunciation, carefully selected vocabulary and correct grammar. Thanks for your attention. 考点 本题考查对细节的理解。 该讲座探讨的是美式英语和英式英语之间的差别，根据听力原文可知，英语的变体语言有很多种，而美式和英式英语是在母语非英语教学中应用最广的，所以答案为 varieties，注意采用复数形式。 解析： pronunciation 考点 本题考查重要细节。 通
37、过听力原文可知，美式英语和英式英语有三大不同之处，第一个是发音，即元音与辅音发音的差异，其次是重音和音调方面的不同，因此答案为 pronunciation。 解析： consistent 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，运用英语最重要的经验法则就是保持一致性，故可直接得出答案为 consistent。 解析： function 考点 本题考查对重要信息的概括。 两种英语具体差别的第一点就在于英式英语中现在完成时的运用，根据听力原文可知，现在完成时用来描述发生在过去并对现在产生影响的动作，即现在完成时的作用，所以可以总结得出答案为 function。 解析： incorrect/un
38、accepted 考点 本题设题点在举例处。 根据听力原文和其所在段落前面的内容可知，英式英语中多运用现在完成时来强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，而对于这种情况，美式英语有时会用一般过去时表达，而这种用法在英式英语中并没有得到认可，常会被认为是不正确的，所以答案为 incorrect或 unaccepted。 解析： Possession 考点 本题设题点在分论点处。 通过听力原文可知，美式英语和英式英语具体差别的第二点是在表达“拥有，所有”概念时的不同，此外注意首字母须大写，因此答案为 Possession。 解析： preferred 考点 本题考查对细节的理解。 根据听力原文可知， ha
39、ve 或者 have got 都可以表达“有”的意思，但这两种表达在英式英语和美式英语中又各有侧重， have got 是英式英语中的首选形式，所以答案为 preferred。 解析： mean 考点 本题设题点在举例处。 听力原文表明美式英语和英式英语的第四点差别在词汇的选择上，并列举两例，说明同一单词在两种英语中却有完全不同的意思，这两个单词分别是 mean 和 rubber ，根据所填空格之后的提示词 rubber ，可以得出答案为 mean 。 解析： use a dictionary 考点 本题考查重要细节。 通过听力原文可知，为了区分词汇的用法，可以借助词典了解词的多种意思，因此答
40、案为 use a dictionary。 解析： terminology 考点 本题考查重要细节。 听力原文阐述了两种语言在表达同一个意思时各自有且仅有的表达方式，进而列举了和汽车相关的专门用语的例子，如 hood, bonnet, trunk, boot 等，所以答案为 terminology“术语”。 解析： Prepositions 考点 本题设题点在分论点处。 通过听力原文可知，美式和英式英语的第五点差别是在介词的应用方面，如美式英语用 on the weekend，英式英语用 at the weekend，此外该空位于句首，首字母须大写，因此答案为 Prepositions。 解析：
41、 the irregular form 考点 本题考查重要细节。 通过听力原文可知，在动词的过去式和过去分词方面，英式英语更倾向于使用不规则形式，因此答案为the irregular form。 解析： Spelling 考点 本题设题点在分论点处。 根据听力原文可知，第七点差别为拼写，并且下面的两点总结都是围绕此差别展开的，所以答案为Spelling。注意首字母要大写。 解析： spell check 考点 本题考查重要细节。 演讲者总结的第七点差别是在具体的拼写上，这里提到了一些词在美式英语中是以- or 结尾，英式英语中以 -our 结尾等。根据听力原文可知，要检查在拼写上是否一致最好的
42、方法就是使用文字处理器上的拼写检查功能，所以答案为 spell check。 解析： pronunciation 考点 本题考查对细节的理解。 演讲者在最后总结说，英式英语和美式英语之间的差别很少，根据听力原文可知，在这些很少的差别当中最大的区别可能是在对词汇和发音方式的选择上，所以可以直接得出答案为 pronunciation。 Good WritingEducators in English-speaking countries have developed a set of basic characteristics of good English writingunity, 16 ,
43、emphasis, development and clarity. Here, a different set of concepts are introduced: . Good writing is 17 . It should be 18 , having something insightful to say about the topic. It is not simply 19 . It may 1)enlighten you or 20 the subject; 2)make you feel something similar; 3)make you feel exactly
44、 21 . . Good writing involves thoughtful 22 . It is the result of 99% of hard work and 1% of 23 . . Good writing is directed toward an 24 . The audience determines 1)diction and sentence structure 2)the sentence 25 3)the overall 26 4)details that would be included . Good writing achieves a clear 27
45、. . Good writing expresses 28 clearly. It reflects good thinking, which should be put into precise, 29 and lucid articles. For non-native speakers of English, clear expression involves being 30 . （分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：coherence）解析： coherence 听力原文 Good WritingWhat is good writing? Different culture
46、s using different languages may come up with very different answers to the question. Indeed, even different individuals may have different standards, tastes and expectations. However, as far as English is concerned, a set of basic characteristics, which is believed to be present in all good writing,
47、 has been promoted by educators in English-speaking countries. They are: unity, coherence, emphasis, development and clarity. While these good old values are still relevant, today“s discussion of good writing focuses on a different set of concepts. I“ll define good writing using different terms: goo
48、d writing is good thinking; good writing involves thoughtful revision; good writing is directed toward an audience; good writing achieves a clear purpose; good writing expresses ideas clearly. Firstly, good writing is good thinking. Good thinking leads to good writing, and muddy thinking can only re
49、sult in muddy writing. As simple as that. Writing is a thinking process; it is not making a big deal out of nothing. Good writing should be substantive, really having things to say. Not only having things to say, but also having insightful things to say about the topic. This concept is particularly important for you non-native speakers of English. You may tend t
