1、专业八级-225 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BEducational Values/B During the first week at North American universities, students must do a few things in preparation, so life is ratherU (1) /Ufor them. For a foreign student, they are even busier in adjusting themselves to a
2、 new educational system. At a North American university, one course isU (2) /Udifferent from another. Each professor has his or her preterred teaching method, and the curriculum used is often non-standardized. Most courses offered at North American universities require activeU (3) /U. They are frequ
3、ently designed to include a large amount of discussion. In some graduate courses, the students often take on the traditional role of a teacher, while the professor acts only as aU (4) /U. Many teachers hold that a relaxed classroom provides an excellent learning environment. It is common for profess
4、ors to treat their students asU (5) /U. Such teachers are still respected by students and still hold a position ofU (6) /Uin classroom. Professors often have different levels of relationships with their students besides simply that of teachers. Students are expected to be responsible for their own l
5、earning. They are encouraged to learn for the sake of learning. Students will complete teachers assignments independently withU (7) /Uassistance. They should take theU (8) /Uto go to the library and discover all the resources available. The “honor system“ demandsU (9) /Uon all students. Any kind of
6、cheating is unacceptable. There is both a cooperative and competitive, spirit among students. They are willing to help others in non-academic activities, but for these courses where their performance is graded, they are moreU (10) /Uin the amount of help they give their classmates.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填
7、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).How did the researcher get most of their data?（分数：1.00）A.By asking students to do questionnaires.B.Through giving each students a programmable paper for a week.C.Through interviews.D.Through recording stud
8、ents activities.(2).Those students who say that what they do is more like work seem to do well in _.（分数：1.00）A.preparation for the futureB.making moneyC.transition to workD.high school(3).Students rate _ the worst curriculum subject for engagement.（分数：1.00）A.physical educationB.computerC.historyD.ph
9、ilosophy(4).What do the interviewee think as the first and most obvious requirement for teachers to achieve more engagement for students?（分数：1.00）A.To show the relevance of students doings to their life as much as possible.B.To make clear the goal of every lesson.C.To find out how well students are
10、learning.D.To organize more group activities.(5).Challenge in the family gives children _.（分数：1.00）A.modelingB.new opportunitiesC.freedom from worryD.vision and direction三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).How did Iraq react to the American and British air raids?（分数：1.00）A.The public was indignant.B.Th
11、e public was resigned.C.The president remained silent.D.The president decided to ask other countries for help.(2).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Two Iraqis were killed in the attacks.B.Twenty-four American and British aircrafts were involved in the attacks.C.Some civilian areas near R
12、ussia were hit.D.Pentagon claimed that Iraqi air defenses had threatened the allied aircrafts.(3).Where were the American and British aircrafts targets?（分数：1.00）A.Their targets were near Pentagon.B.Their targets were five miles away from Baghdad.C.Their targets were below the 32nd parallel.D.Their t
13、argets were near the parallel where Iraqi civilians are not allowed to go.IQuestions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).What did he and his wife do in the 1960s and 70s?（分数：
14、1.00）A.They danced in a group.B.They played instruments together.C.They sang rock-and-roll together.D.They sang folk song together.(2).At what age did he die?（分数：1.00）A.62.B.52.C.42.D.32.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BIs language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a cr
15、itical period of life can be starved and dam aged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year.
16、 But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are stil
17、l backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily a
18、gain. A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time, but the process is slew and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are. cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns o
19、ut to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four h
20、is language differs from that of his parents in style rather titan grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say
21、, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy bear“. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on inter
22、action between the mother and the child, where the mother recognises the signals in the childs babbling(咿哑学语) , grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Se
23、nsitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.（分数：4.00）(1).The purpose of Frederick Is experiment was _.（分数：1.00）A.to prove that children are born with the ability to speakB.to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human sp
24、eechC.to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speakD.to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language(2).The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that _.（分数：1.00）A.they are incapable of learning language rapidlyB.they are ex
25、posed to too much language of onceC.their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speakD.their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them(3).What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that _.（分数：1.00）A.he is born with the capacity to speakB.he has a brain more complex than an a
26、nimalsC.he can produce his own sentencesD.he owes his speech ability to good nursing(4).Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The faculty of speech is reborn in man.B.Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.C.The childs brain is highly
27、 selective.D.Most children learn their language in definite stages.BTEXT B/BA team of international researchers has found new evidence that an endangered subspecies of chimpanzee is the source of the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) in humans. Experts said the finding coul
28、d lead to new treatments for AIDS and contribute to the development of a vaccine against the disease.The research team said the chimp - a subspecies known as Pan troglodytes native to west central Africa - carries a simian immunodeficiency virus(SIV) that is closely related to three strains of human
29、 immunodeficiency virus( HIV), the virus that causes AIDS. One of these strains, HIV-I, has caused the vast majority of the estimated 30 million HIV infections around the world.The researchers are uncertain when the chimp virus, called SIVcpz(for simian immunodeficiency virus chimpanzee), first infe
30、cted humans, although the oldest documented case of HIV has been linked to a Bantu man who died in Central Africa in 1959. But they said the virus, which does not appear to harm the chimps, was most likely transmitted to humans -when hunters were exposed to chimp blood while killing and butchering t
31、he animals for food. Once transmitted to humans, the researchers believe the virus mutated into HIV-1.Team leader Beatrice Hahn, an AIDS researcher at the University of Alabama in Birmingham, said the chimps have probably carried the virus for hundreds of thousands of years. Since humans have likely
32、 hunted the animals since prehistoric times, Hahn said the virus may have jumped to humans on many occasions, but was not transmitted widely among humans until the 20th century. Increased hunting of the chimpanzees, along with human migration to African cities and changing sexual motes, could help e
33、xplain the recent epidemic, Hahn said.Scientists had long suspected that a nonhuman primate was the source of HIV-1. Earlier studies suggested that the sooty mangabey monkey, a native of West Africa, was the likely source of HIV-2 - a rarer form of the AIDS virus that is transmitted less easily than
34、 HIV-1. However, only a few samples of SIV strains exist, making it difficult for researchers to confidently connect the strains to HIV-1.As part of their effort to discover the source of HIV-1, the research team studied the four known samples of SIVcpz. They learned that three of the four samples c
35、ame from chimps belonging to the subspecies P.t. troglodytes. The remaining sample came from another subspecies, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, which inhabits East Africa.The team then compared the SIVcpz strains to each other and found that all three of the viruses from P.t. troglodytes were close
36、ly related, while the virus from P. t. schweinfurthii was genetically different. Next they compared the SIVcpz strains to the main subgroups of H1V-1, known as M, N, and O. Their comparisons showed that the P.t. troglodytes viruses strongly resembled all three ttlV-1 subgroups.Additional evidence th
37、at HIV-I could be linked to P.t. troglodytes came when the researchers examined the chimps natural habitat. The researchers quickly discovered that the chimps live primarily in the West African nations of Cameroon, Central African Republic. Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and Republic of the Congo, the ge
38、ographic region where HIV-1 was first identified.Upon closer study, the researchers learned that the chimps were being killed in growing numbers for the so-called bushmeant trade, a trend assisted by the construction of new logging roads in once remote forests. The researchers said that continued hu
39、nting of the animals meant that many people are still likely to be exposed to SIVcpz, increasing the risk of additional cross-species transmissions.Many AIDS researchers welcomed the teams finding, but said the new work had not proved the connection definitively. Most of the doubts centered on the d
40、ifficulty of drawing conclusions from such a small number of SIVcpz samples. Because so few samples exist - all drawn from chimps in captivity - researchers do not know how prevalent the virus is among wild chimps, or how the virus is transmitted. Doubts are likely to persist until the course of the
41、 virus is studied in chimps in the wild.Some health experts said the finding could have far-reaching implications for combating AIDS. Because SIVcpz does not cause the chimps to become ill, researchers believe that the animals disease-fighting immune systems may have developed a defense against the
42、virus. Since chimps are 98 percent genetically similar to humans, learning more about the chimps immune systems could shed light on new ways to prevent and treat AIDS in humans. Discovering how the chimps immune system controls the virus, for example, could help researchers develop a vaccine that ge
43、nerates a similar immunesystem response in humans.Other experts noted that even if the finding does not help in the fight against AIDS, it provides strong evidence that dangerous viruses can be transmitted to humans from wild animals. In some cases, the viruses may be harmless to the host animals, b
44、ut cause sickness and death when transmitted to humans. As people increasingly venture into remote animal habitats, some scientists believe there is a growing risk of new human exposures to previously unknown disease-causing microbes. In the meantime, widespread slaughter of the chimps could make fu
45、rther study of P. t. troglodytes difficult. The wild chimp population, which exceeded 1 million animals in the early 20th century, is now believed to number fewer than 100, 000. “We cannot afford to lose these animals, either from the animals conservation point of view or a medical investigation sta
46、ndpoint,“ said Hahn. “It is quite possible that the chimpanzee, which has served as the source of HIV-1, also holds the clues to its successful control.“（分数：3.00）(1).Many AIDS experts are not completely satisfied with results of the study because _.（分数：1.00）A.only a limited number of chimpanzees are
47、 used for sampling the virusB.it is now extremely difficult to find chimpanzees that carry the virusC.the samples collected are from two different subspecies of chimpanzeesD.it does not provide reliable evidence of the link between SIV and HIV-1(2).Since chimpanzees are genetically very similar to h
48、umans, _.（分数：1.00）A.chimpanzees are likely to suffer AIDS just like humans if they are infectedB.it does not matter if human beings are infected with SIV rather than HIV-1C.we can use human vaccines to prevent chimpanzees from getting AIDS virusD.AIDS vaccines based on chimps immune mechanism are possible to be made(3).The biggest worry that the researchers now have is _.（分数：1.00）A.more and more wild chimpanzees are being slaughteredB.AIDS virus is difficult to be killed and controlledC.it is not easy to repair peo
