1、专业八级-222 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)B The Classical Sense of Good Government/B Politics plays an extremely important role in human society. Political philosophers started to discuss the quality of good government thousands of years ago Among the forerunners are Pla
2、to, Aristotle, and Machiavelli. B. Platos Political Proposal/B A. It is an irony for Plato to discuss good government because he U1 /Upolitics. 1. _. B. Plato believed that political freedom could not be helpful. In fact, they usually led to uncertainty and dangerous changes. C. Plato fearedU 2 /Ube
3、cause other disciplines are very orderly and predictable. 2. _. D. In Platos opinion, justice consisted of everybody doing what he or she U3 /U by natural talent. 3. _. B. Aristotles Political Proposal/B A. Aristotle believed that every state is a kind of U4 /U. 4. _. B. Aristotle believed that peop
4、le in a state would be rather similar, and did not foresee the ethnic and cultural diversity of modern states. C. Aristotle believed that polls, or U5 /U, is the highest state of 5. _. human social and political development; and can ensure good life for everybody. D. According to Aristotle, in order
5、 to achieve the best quality of life, people must try to U6 /U 6. _. B. Stoicism and Machiavelli/B A. Stoicism means U7 /U one lives in. 7. _. B. Stoicism believes that the world is made up of virtue and vice, and the world is a difficult and disorderly place where happiness is unusual C. Plato and
6、Aristotle presented what politics U8 /U, but Machiavelli discussed 8. _. what politics U9 /U and how it actually functions. 9. _. D. Machiavelli believed that just being U10 /U does not promise 10. _. good leadership.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、B
7、SECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)I Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview./I（分数：5.00）(1).The interview is mainly about _.（分数：1.00）A.economic globalizationB.legal profess
8、ion in the context of globalizationC.legal professionD.economic matters in the context of globalization(2).According to the interview, what is the major difference between China and Britain in terms of legal systems?（分数：1.00）A.Different cultural background.B.Less legislation, more legislation.C.Diff
9、erent processes.D.Socialist society, capitalist society.(3).According to the interview, a global lawyer should possess the following skills except _.（分数：1.00）A.advocacy skillsB.persuasive skillsC.facilitating skillsD.supporting skills(4).According to the passage, which is the best way to cultivate c
10、ultural awareness?（分数：1.00）A.One should spend time as much as possible in the target culture.B.One should make more foreign friends.C.One should be confident in himself in dealing with cultural matters.D.One should communicate well with foreign clients.(5).Chinese law firms, compared with their west
11、ern counterparts, lack _.（分数：1.00）A.individual talentsB.teamworkC.work related experienceD.communicative skills三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：4，分数：5.00)1.I Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./IWe kn
12、ow for sure that _.（分数：1.00）A.50 people died in the terrorist bombingB.there were four explosive devices involved in the terrorist bombingC.the attacks were not carried out by suicide bombersD.“The Secret Organization of Al-Qaida“ will not be speculated on by London Police2.I Questions 6 to 8 are ba
13、sed on the following news. At the end of the news item, yon will be given to seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./IShenzhou-V flew with a single astronaut for _ a little more than a year ago.（分数：1.00）A.21 and a half hoursB.31 and a half hoursC.41 and a half hoursD.51 and a half h
14、ours3.I Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./IWho died in the attack?（分数：1.00）A.A guerilla and an Israeli soldierB.A peacekeeper and an Israeli soliderC.A peacekeeper and a guerillaD.A pea
15、cekeeper and a civilianI Question 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).What is the main idea for this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Japanese Prime Minister Koizumis visiting Tokyos Yasuk
16、uni Shrine.B.Some Japanese peoples actions and remarks towards the history.C.The deadlock between China and Japan.D.The promotion of a Japan-China free trade agreement.(2).In terms of Sino-Japan relationship, Japan and China should _.（分数：1.00）A.start a private-sector study on a bilateral free trade
17、agreementB.be prudent in dealing with the history issueC.make decisions on its own and take appropriate steps.D.refrain from visiting Tokyos Yasukuni Shrine四、BPART READING (总题数：3，分数：8.00)BTEXT A/BMost people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time Uelapse
18、s/U, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to
19、 the STM, also known as the working memory.There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is define
20、d as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modem theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and im
21、prove the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in “rote rehearsal“. By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type o
22、f memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to
23、come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice “elaborate rehearsal“. This involves assigning semantic mea
24、ning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory an
25、d used often. However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more clues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization. (42
26、6)（分数：4.00）(1).The underlined word “elapses“ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “_.“（分数：1.00）A.passesB.adds tipC.appearsD.continues(2).Why does the author mention a dogs bark?（分数：1.00）A.It is a type of memory.B.It is a type of interruption.C.Dogs have better memories than humans.D.A dogs bark i
27、s similar to a doorbell.(3).The author believes that “rate rehearsal“ is _.（分数：1.00）A.the best way to remember somethingB.more efficient than chunkingC.ineffective in the long runD.an unnecessary interruption(4).Why does the author mention doorbell rings?（分数：1.00）A.It is a type of information.B.It i
28、s a type of break.C.It is a type of incentive.D.It is a type of warning.BTEXT B/BDearest Julian and Juliette,You must be back from Africa, I imagine, by now but meanwhile Africa has come to us; with a vengeance, in a frightful hem wave with temperatures day after day of 105, and 80 degrees at night.
29、 In my own case, meteorology has been compounded by a spell of ill-health, due to the after-effects on long course of radiation which I had to take this spring. I hadnt told you of this trouble before, since it hadnt seriously interfered with my activities and there seemed to be no point in spreadin
30、g unnecessary apprehensions. It started in 1960, with a malignant tumour on the tongue. The first surgeon I went to wanted to cut out half the tongue and leave me more or less speechless. I went with him to nay old friend, Dr Max Cutler. Cutler recommended treatment with radium needles and so did th
31、e Professors of Radiology and Surgery at the U. of Cal. Medical Centre at San Francisco, whom I consulted. I took the treatment in the early summer of 1960, and it was remarkably successful. The tumour on the tongue was knocked out and has shown no signs of returning. However, as generally happens i
32、n these cases, the lymph glands of the neck became involved. I had one taken out in 1962, and this spring another mass appeared. This was subjected to twenty five exposures of radio-active cobalt, an extremely exhausting treatment from which I was just recovering when at last I was able to make the
33、trip to Stockholm and London. Since my return there has been a flare-up of secondary inflammation, to which tissues weakened by radiation are peculiarly liable, often after considerable intervals. Result: I have had to cancel my lecture tour . Another handicap is my persistent hoarseness due to the
34、nerve that supplies the right-hand vocal cord having been knocked out, either by an infiltration of the malignancy, or by the radiation. I hope this hoarseness may be only temporary, but rather fear I may carry it to the grave.What the future holds, one doesnt know. In general these malignancies in
35、the neck and head dont do much metastasizing. Meanwhile I am trying to build up resistance with the combination of a treatment which has proved rather successful at the University of Montreal and the University of Manila-the only institutions where it has been tried out over a period of years-and wh
36、ich has been elaborated upon by Professor Guidetti, of the University of Turin, who has read papers on his work at the last two International Cancer Congresses, at Buenos Aires and Moscow. I saw Guidetti while in Turin and was impressed by some of his case-histories, and with Cutlers approval we are
37、 carrying out his treatment here. When this damned inflammation dies down, which may be expected to do in a few weeks, I hope to get back to regular work. For the present I am functioning at only a fraction of normal capacity. (515)Much love to you both from both of us,Ever your affectionateAldous（分
38、数：2.00）(1).The author is suffering from _.（分数：1.00）A.cut in his tongueB.lymph inflammationC.cancerD.hoarse voice(2).The author seems to be rather _ about his disease.（分数：1.00）A.patient and optimisticB.impatient and pessimisticC.impatient but optimisticD.indifferent but impatientBTEXT C/BIs the study
39、 of science simply a discipline in search of laws relating to the existence of material truths? Or is it also a search for principles which testify to the reality of a single Creator who has predetermined and man dated the existence of all things, both material and spiritual, according to certain co
40、mprehensive and interrelated universal laws?Recently, many cosmologists-scientists who study the structure and origin of the universe-have acknowledged that there is a definite link between the scientific and religious accounts of the Creation.An account on the subject “where life begins“ indicated
41、that recent cosmological studies relating to the origin of Creation tend to validate the biblical account. The universe, according to the studies, was a huge fireball created about twenty billion years ago by the magnificently illuminating explosion of a giant primordial atom. The Bible describes th
42、e Creation in these words:In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth. The earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep and the Spirit of Cod was moving over the face of the waters. And God said, “Let there be light.“ And there was light. (Genesis 1)At anoth
43、er level of scientific inquiry, oceanographers-scientists who study the origin, composition and life forms found in the ocean and bodies of water-have been searching to determine whether the oceans would be a productive source of food supply for humankind in the futura. Water bodies and oceans cover
44、 70% of the earths surface and oceanographers are firmly convinced that they can be utilized as a potential source of Christianity and Islam appears to attest to the validity of scientific investigation in the development of ocean resources as source of food supply.The Koran states, “And He is who h
45、ad made the sea subservient to you that you may eat flesh from it and bring forth ornaments which you wear and you might see the ships cleaving through it and that you might seek of his bounty and give thanks.“ (Koran 16:14)In the words of the poet Walt Whitman, in his Leaves of Grass,“I say the who
46、le earth and the stars are in the sky for religions sake.“ (370)（分数：2.00）(1).This selection implies that _.（分数：1.00）A.there is evidence that scientists are generally atheistsB.cosmologists read the Bible as part of their researchC.scientific studies show evidence of the validity of religious account
47、s of the universe and its originD.intellectual agnosticism has been on the rise(2).A possible title of this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.Science and ReligionB.The Science of ReligionC.The Origin of the UniverseD.The Creation of the World五、BTEXT D/B(总题数：3，分数：12.00)The popular version of the lone wagon tra
48、in, forging its way west, in constant danger of losing the faintly marked trail, its occupants trembling in fear of imminent Indian massacre, is just a Hollywood concoction, says historian Sandra Myres, who has been researching the role of women in settling the American west. She has unearthed vivid accounts of the trail west and of homesteading at the journeys end. The
