1、专业八级-220 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.丝绸之路的历史可以追溯到公元前 2世纪，当时一名中国官员、朝廷的使者张骞沿着这条连接亚欧两大洲的贸易通道出使西域。这条通道源于长安城(即今日的西安)，一路穿越陕西省、甘肃省境内的河西走廊、新疆的塔里木盆地、帕米尔山区、阿富汗、伊朗、伊拉克以及叙利亚，最后抵达地中海的东岸，全程 7千公里，其中有 4千多公里的路段在中国境内。 丝绸之路沿途的大批历史文物、引人入胜的自然风景以及富有情趣的地方文化，使这一长途远游成了世界上最精彩的旅游节项目之一。在丝绸之路的中国段，
2、沿线散居着许多少数民族，他们对来自世界各地的游客都以礼相待，热情好客。这里的食物和工艺品不同于中国中部的食物和工艺品。这里的民间传说，如同天方夜谭一般神奇，听来别有一番情趣。 （分数：20.00）_2.筷子是中餐桌上最有特色的用餐工具。 几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种可以将饭从碗中逐口送入口中的最简单同时也是最有效的工具。早在周朝时期(公元前 11世纪公元前 3世纪)筷子便被人们用来夹取荤、蔬菜，而米饭则用手来取而食之。这一时期的筷子叫作“箸”，与“住”字谐音。可这个“住”字在船上被列为禁忌语，因为船是不可以在航行途中打住不前的，人们因而改“箸”字为“筷”字，与“快”字谐音。此后人们在“筷
3、”字后又添加了后缀词“子”。中国许多厨房用品的名称都带有后缀词“子”，如“杯子”、“盘子”、“锅子”、“桌子”等等。 全国各地的筷子大小基本一样，而用材的种类则各有不同，选材包括竹子、木材、漆器、玉石、象牙、塑料、铝、银、金等。特长的筷子通常为厨房用筷。过去人们用嵌有银器的木筷他来测试是否有人在餐中下毒，因为银器碰到一些有毒物品会起变色反应。 （分数：20.00）_3.最近，美国报刊报道了一则感人的消息：一对贫困的美国夫妇，两人都失业了，由于付不起房租，不得不搬出了久居的家，带着儿子在汽车里住了几个星期。一天他们在路上发现一个钱包，里面有 2500美元，这对于贫困中的他们是多么急需呀，丈夫认为
4、应交给警察局，妻子闪了一念“留下”之后，也觉得应该交还失主。很快，失主就来认领了，按照美国的惯例，失主应付给捡拾者 20%左右的酬金。然而，他却分文未给就走了，对此，警察感到非常失望和遗憾，便将此事告知了新闻界，于是报纸、电视都报道了这件事。一时间，警察局收到全国成百上千的来信，信中赞扬这对夫妇的诚实，有的信中还夹着 100美元或 200美元。一位先生问清了钱包里的钱数，如数寄来了 2500美元。这对夫妇前后收到总数达 6000美元。还有一位愿免费向这对夫妇提供住房，直到他们的经济状况转好为止。 （分数：20.00）_4.中国有句古话是这样的：“山不在高，有仙则名；水不在深，有龙则灵。”中国书
5、法好似山上之仙、水中之龙。 中国书法同其他书写形式有很大区别。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的艺术形式，其中包括甲骨铭文、青铜器铭文、篆书、隶书、楷书、行书和草书。 许多汉字属象形文字，常可从字的形状揣知其义。无论是刀刻书法还是笔墨书法都可以通过字形的夸张取得艺术效果。 因此书法一直是一门研究艺术。千百年来中国书法家倾注了大量的心血研究书法艺术的形式、规则及理论。他们的成果对朝鲜、日本和东南亚国家的汉字书法家产生了巨大的影响。这些国家的书法家经常不断地访问中国，探索书法艺术。 （分数：20.00）_5.丝绸之路不仅是一条古代通商的道路，它更是连接古代中华文明、印度文明、埃及文明、希腊文明
6、和美索不达米亚文明的纽带，是东西方文化和科学技术交流的桥梁，是横贯欧亚大陆的历史文化大动脉。丝绸之路促使人类文明在不同地域之间进行交流。不同文明传来的新鲜养分，孕育着新的文化。它是古老的中国走向世界、接受世界其他地方文明营养的主要通道。中国文化性格的塑造与丝绸之路息息相关。 （分数：20.00）_专业八级-220 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.丝绸之路的历史可以追溯到公元前 2世纪，当时一名中国官员、朝廷的使者张骞沿着这条连接亚欧两大洲的贸易通道出使西域。这条通道源于长安城(即今日的西安)，一路穿越陕西省、甘
7、肃省境内的河西走廊、新疆的塔里木盆地、帕米尔山区、阿富汗、伊朗、伊拉克以及叙利亚，最后抵达地中海的东岸，全程 7千公里，其中有 4千多公里的路段在中国境内。 丝绸之路沿途的大批历史文物、引人入胜的自然风景以及富有情趣的地方文化，使这一长途远游成了世界上最精彩的旅游节项目之一。在丝绸之路的中国段，沿线散居着许多少数民族，他们对来自世界各地的游客都以礼相待，热情好客。这里的食物和工艺品不同于中国中部的食物和工艺品。这里的民间传说，如同天方夜谭一般神奇，听来别有一番情趣。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：The Silk Road dates back to the second cent
8、ury B.C. when a Chinese official and envoy of the royal court Zhang Qian embarked on his business trip to Xiyu (meaning western countries) following this trade thoroughfare linking Asia and Europe. Originating from Chang“an (the present-day Xi“an), the route traversed Shaanxi Province, the Hexi Corr
9、idor in Gansu Province; the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, the Pamir Mountain region, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Syria, ending at the eastern shores of the Mediterranean. More than 4,000 of its 7,000 kilometers were in China. A wealth of historical relics, fascinating scenery and interesting local cultur
10、es along the Silk Road makes this long trip one of the world“s most exciting tourist attractions. Many Chinese ethnic minorities scatter along the Chinese portion of the road, all courteous and hospitable to visitors from the rest of the world. The food and crafts in the region are different from th
11、ose in central China. And the folklore is simply exotic and colorful.2.筷子是中餐桌上最有特色的用餐工具。 几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种可以将饭从碗中逐口送入口中的最简单同时也是最有效的工具。早在周朝时期(公元前 11世纪公元前 3世纪)筷子便被人们用来夹取荤、蔬菜，而米饭则用手来取而食之。这一时期的筷子叫作“箸”，与“住”字谐音。可这个“住”字在船上被列为禁忌语，因为船是不可以在航行途中打住不前的，人们因而改“箸”字为“筷”字，与“快”字谐音。此后人们在“筷”字后又添加了后缀词“子”。中国许多厨房用品的名称都带有后缀
12、词“子”，如“杯子”、“盘子”、“锅子”、“桌子”等等。 全国各地的筷子大小基本一样，而用材的种类则各有不同，选材包括竹子、木材、漆器、玉石、象牙、塑料、铝、银、金等。特长的筷子通常为厨房用筷。过去人们用嵌有银器的木筷他来测试是否有人在餐中下毒，因为银器碰到一些有毒物品会起变色反应。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：Chopsticks, or kuaizi, are the most distinctive eating tool at the Chinese dining table. For thousands of years we Chinese have always r
13、egarded chopsticks as the simplest possible and the most efficient tool for transporting bite-sized morsels of food from a bowl to the mouth. As early as in the Zhou Dynasty (11th3rd century B.C.), chopsticks were used for picking up meat and vegetable, while hands were used for rice. The Chinese te
14、rm for chopsticks during this period was zhu, a character whose sound was homonymous with another word meaning “to stop“. Since this character was taboo on ships, which were not supposed to stop en route, it was changed to kuai, a word homonymous with another word meaning “quick“. Then, another char
15、acter zi was added as a sort of suffix, as occurs with the names of many common objects, such as beizi (cup), panzi (plate), guozi (pot), zhuozi (table) , etc. Chopsticks, which are roughly uniform in size throughout China, can be made of a variety of materials, including bamboo, wood, lacquer, jade
16、, ivory, plastic, aluminum, silver and gold. Special long bamboo chopsticks are generally used in the kitchen. In the past, wooden chopsticks inlaid with silver thread were used to test whether poison was put in a meal, since silver reacts to a number of poisonous substances by changing its color.3.
17、最近，美国报刊报道了一则感人的消息：一对贫困的美国夫妇，两人都失业了，由于付不起房租，不得不搬出了久居的家，带着儿子在汽车里住了几个星期。一天他们在路上发现一个钱包，里面有 2500美元，这对于贫困中的他们是多么急需呀，丈夫认为应交给警察局，妻子闪了一念“留下”之后，也觉得应该交还失主。很快，失主就来认领了，按照美国的惯例，失主应付给捡拾者 20%左右的酬金。然而，他却分文未给就走了，对此，警察感到非常失望和遗憾，便将此事告知了新闻界，于是报纸、电视都报道了这件事。一时间，警察局收到全国成百上千的来信，信中赞扬这对夫妇的诚实，有的信中还夹着 100美元或 200美元。一位先生问清了钱包里的钱数
18、，如数寄来了 2500美元。这对夫妇前后收到总数达 6000美元。还有一位愿免费向这对夫妇提供住房，直到他们的经济状况转好为止。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：Recently, some newspapers and magazines in the United States have focused on a moving story concerning an unemployed couple. Poverty-stricken and unable to pay the rents, the couple and their young son had to move
19、out of the house they had lived so long and had been sheltered only by their own automobile for the past several weeks. One day on the road, they came across a wallet with 2500 dollars in ita sum of money the destitute family was in burning need of it! The husband suggested, however, that the money
20、be handed to the police station immediately. And the wife agreed after a “wavering second“, though. Soon the wallet was claimed by the loser. According to the conventional practice in the United States, the owner of the wallet should pay the couple 20% of the amount of the recovered money as remuner
21、ation. Regrettably, the wallet owner left the police station without giving a cent. The police thought it was unfair and therefore informed the press circle of the whole story about the couple and the wallet, which then became publicly known through newspaper and TV reports. Shortly afterwards, the
22、police station was invaded with an avalanche of letters from all over the country, praising the honest couple. Some letters were stuffed with 100 or 200 dollar bank notes or checks. A gentleman, after making sure that the lost and found wallet had contained 2500 dollars, remitted the exact amount of
23、 money to the couple. The total amount of money the couple received in this fashion exceeded 6000 dollars. There is another person who volunteered to provide the couple with accommodation free of charge until they are financially capable.4.中国有句古话是这样的：“山不在高，有仙则名；水不在深，有龙则灵。”中国书法好似山上之仙、水中之龙。 中国书法同其他书写形
24、式有很大区别。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的艺术形式，其中包括甲骨铭文、青铜器铭文、篆书、隶书、楷书、行书和草书。 许多汉字属象形文字，常可从字的形状揣知其义。无论是刀刻书法还是笔墨书法都可以通过字形的夸张取得艺术效果。 因此书法一直是一门研究艺术。千百年来中国书法家倾注了大量的心血研究书法艺术的形式、规则及理论。他们的成果对朝鲜、日本和东南亚国家的汉字书法家产生了巨大的影响。这些国家的书法家经常不断地访问中国，探索书法艺术。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：An ancient Chinese saying goes that “Any mountain can be fa
25、mous with the presence of an immortal, and any river can be holy with the presence of a dragon.“ Chinese calligraphy is like an immortal in a mountain and a dragon in a river. Chinese calligraphy is very different from other forms of writing. During their long history of development Chinese characte
26、rs have evolved and been written into many different artistic styles, including the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells and on ancient bronze objects, the seal character, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script. Many Chinese characters are pictographs and often the me
27、aning of a particular character is apparent in the pictorial form of the character. Calligraphy, whether done with a knife or brush, can be rendered in ways that exaggerate the form, consequently yielding effects of artistic beauty. Calligraphy, therefore, has been traditionally a subject of artisti
28、c study. Down through the centuries Chinese calligraphers have devoted substantive attention to studying the forms, laws and theories pertinent to the art of calligraphy. Moreover, their works have significantly influenced calligraphers of Chinese characters in Korea, Japan and Southeast Asian count
29、ries. People from these countries regularly visit China in search of calligraphic art.5.丝绸之路不仅是一条古代通商的道路，它更是连接古代中华文明、印度文明、埃及文明、希腊文明和美索不达米亚文明的纽带，是东西方文化和科学技术交流的桥梁，是横贯欧亚大陆的历史文化大动脉。丝绸之路促使人类文明在不同地域之间进行交流。不同文明传来的新鲜养分，孕育着新的文化。它是古老的中国走向世界、接受世界其他地方文明营养的主要通道。中国文化性格的塑造与丝绸之路息息相关。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：The Silk R
30、oad functioned not only as a trade route, but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China, India, Egypt, Greece and Mesopotamian plains. It also helped to promote the exchange of cultures, science and technology between East and West. Being the artery of communcations acress Eura
31、sia, the Silk Road facilitated the exchange of human civilizations between different regions, during which came the new thoughts and bred new cultures. The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient China to open up to the outside world, as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country, which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chinese culture.
