1、专业八级-215 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.道德观念，对于人们可能并不陌生，而道德判断，则有些新颖，似乎颇具学术味道。 其实，在任何社会里，都离不开道德判断，它不过是对道德观念的一种具体体现与应用。 概括而言，道德判断可以理解为特定社会中一种以文化为依托的判断；即对社会上的一些作为或不作为，甚至意识、动机乃至性格等的对错、善恶、得失等所形成的观点、所作出的评估。因社会文化的不同，道德判断也是多样的。 在西方传统文化里，个人首先被看作是独立的存在，具有各种权利和行为自由，同时也对自己的行为全权负责。然而，
2、不同个体之间的利益又会发生冲突，如何解决?这就需要遵守维护相互间利益的社会契约原则。 （分数：20.00）_2.作为世界上人口最多的国家，中国必然要受到一体化发展的影响。全球经济一体化提高了全球资本及技术的流动，也引起了各国对中国开放政策的重视。这个世界最大消费市场的开放前景，吸引了大量跨国企业及国际投资进入中国，这些都对中国最近取得的经济成就起到推动作用。通过进口、合资、国际合作及外国直接投资等经营手段，中国在相当短的时期内提高了投资水平，并获得了大量先进技术。同时，贸易自由化也使中国能够增加对外出口，并在国内创造新的收入及就业机会。 （分数：20.00）_3.互联互通是建设 21世纪海上丝
3、绸之路的重要内容。我们将根据东盟方需求及规划，着力构建双方海运水运网、高速公路网、高速铁路网、航空网、通信光缆网，打造安全高效的综合联通网络。同时，我们将加快建设中国东盟港口城市合作网络、中国东盟港口物流信息公共平台，积极推动亚投行早日投入运营，解决本地区，尤其是东南亚地区的融资瓶颈。此外，我们还要扩大双边本币互换的规模和范围，扩大人民币跨境贸易结算，建设人民币同东盟国家货币的市场交易中心，推进金融基础设施建设和金融服务的跨境合作。 （分数：20.00）_4.市场的核心是竞争，是调动个人积极性，是资源合理调配、优化组合，同时也是弱肉强食、铁面无情。市场会刺激生产、经营与创造，但同时也会带来两极
4、分化、畸形结构、甚至是危机动荡。在这个意义上，市场具有多功能性(而并非万能性)。 事实证明，许多领域是不适宜完全引入市场机制的。例如：公众医疗部门、教育事业、公共交通系统、安居工程、某些科研项目等等。引入了，便破坏了其性质，扭曲了其功能，最后以失败告终。市场的确也会失败。其具有双面性。 （分数：20.00）_5.战争是一面镜子，能够让人更好认识和平的珍贵。今天，和平与发展已经成为时代主题，但世界仍很不太平，战争的达摩克利斯之剑依然悬在人类头上。我们要以史为鉴，坚定维护和平的决心。 为了和平，我们要牢固树立人类命运共同体意识。偏见和歧视、仇恨和战争，只会带来灾难和痛苦。相互尊重、平等相处、和平发
5、展、共同繁荣，才是人间正道。世界各国应该共同维护以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为核心的国际秩序和国际体系，积极构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系，共同推进世界和平与发展的崇高事业。 （分数：20.00）_专业八级-215 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.道德观念，对于人们可能并不陌生，而道德判断，则有些新颖，似乎颇具学术味道。 其实，在任何社会里，都离不开道德判断，它不过是对道德观念的一种具体体现与应用。 概括而言，道德判断可以理解为特定社会中一种以文化为依托的判断；即对社会上的一些作为或不作为，甚至意识、动机乃至性格
6、等的对错、善恶、得失等所形成的观点、所作出的评估。因社会文化的不同，道德判断也是多样的。 在西方传统文化里，个人首先被看作是独立的存在，具有各种权利和行为自由，同时也对自己的行为全权负责。然而，不同个体之间的利益又会发生冲突，如何解决?这就需要遵守维护相互间利益的社会契约原则。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：Everybody is familiar with the term “moral“, but not “moral judgment“ which seems to be novel and a bit academic. As a matter of fact, mora
7、l judgment, as a specific manifestation and application of morality, is deeply rooted in any society. Generally speaking, moral judgments may be understood as culture-bound evaluations in a society, that are the assessments or opinions formed as to whether some action or inaction, intention, motive
8、or character is right or wrong, good or bad, beneficial or damaging. Moral judgments are naturally diversified given the cultural differences across societies. In traditional western culture, individuals are primarily viewed as independent entities endowed with a set of natural rights, freedom and r
9、esponsible for their actions. Different individual interests, however, may be at odds with each other from time to time. In resolving these conflicts, the principle of social contract is thus required to uphold interests based on consensus.2.作为世界上人口最多的国家，中国必然要受到一体化发展的影响。全球经济一体化提高了全球资本及技术的流动，也引起了各国对中
10、国开放政策的重视。这个世界最大消费市场的开放前景，吸引了大量跨国企业及国际投资进入中国，这些都对中国最近取得的经济成就起到推动作用。通过进口、合资、国际合作及外国直接投资等经营手段，中国在相当短的时期内提高了投资水平，并获得了大量先进技术。同时，贸易自由化也使中国能够增加对外出口，并在国内创造新的收入及就业机会。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：As the world“s most populous country, China cannot help being affected by the globalization developments. The globalizati
11、on of the world“s economies has increased international mobility of the world“s financial capital and technologies, and their responsiveness to China“s Open Policy. The prospects of operating in the world“s largest consumer market have attracted many multinational companies and international investm
12、ents to China, thereby contributing to China“s recent economic success. Through international business vehicles such as importing, joint ventures, international contractual and licensing agreements, and foreign direct investment, China has been able to raise the level of investment and gain access t
13、o modem technologies in a relatively short period of time. At the same time, trade liberalization has allowed China to increase her exports to create new income and employment opportunities at home.3.互联互通是建设 21世纪海上丝绸之路的重要内容。我们将根据东盟方需求及规划，着力构建双方海运水运网、高速公路网、高速铁路网、航空网、通信光缆网，打造安全高效的综合联通网络。同时，我们将加快建设中国东盟
14、港口城市合作网络、中国东盟港口物流信息公共平台，积极推动亚投行早日投入运营，解决本地区，尤其是东南亚地区的融资瓶颈。此外，我们还要扩大双边本币互换的规模和范围，扩大人民币跨境贸易结算，建设人民币同东盟国家货币的市场交易中心，推进金融基础设施建设和金融服务的跨境合作。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：Connectivity is part and parcel of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. On the basis of ASEAN“s needs and master plans, we can work together to b
15、uild up a safe and efficient integrated connectivity network, including the network of sea and water transportation, express highway, high-speed rail-way, aviation and communication optical cable. Meanwhile, we will speed up the setting-up of the China-ASEAN Port City Cooperation Network as well as
16、the China-ASEAN Port Public Logistics Information Platform, and actively promote early operation of the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) so as to resolve financing bottlenecks in the area, especially those in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, we need to further expand the size and scale of bila
17、teral currency swap arrangements, increase the RMB settlement for cross-border trade, establish the currency market trade center between RMB and currencies of ASEAN countries, and promote the development of financial infrastructure and trans-border cooperation of financial services.4.市场的核心是竞争，是调动个人积
18、极性，是资源合理调配、优化组合，同时也是弱肉强食、铁面无情。市场会刺激生产、经营与创造，但同时也会带来两极分化、畸形结构、甚至是危机动荡。在这个意义上，市场具有多功能性(而并非万能性)。 事实证明，许多领域是不适宜完全引入市场机制的。例如：公众医疗部门、教育事业、公共交通系统、安居工程、某些科研项目等等。引入了，便破坏了其性质，扭曲了其功能，最后以失败告终。市场的确也会失败。其具有双面性。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：The core of market mechanism is competition, which motivates individuals to alloca
19、te resources rationally, optimize investment and so on, operating ruthlessly according to the law of the jungle. The market can stimulate production, entrepreneurship and innovation, and at the same time polarize society, distort structures or even cause crises. In a sense, the market is indeed mult
20、ifunctional, if not omnipotent. It has been proved that market forces are not applicable to every sector in our society, including public health, education, public transportation, public housing, as well as some research projects. The law of the jungle, if imported to these areas, will distort their
21、 nature and functions and inevitably result in complete failure. There is indeed such a thing as market failure.5.战争是一面镜子，能够让人更好认识和平的珍贵。今天，和平与发展已经成为时代主题，但世界仍很不太平，战争的达摩克利斯之剑依然悬在人类头上。我们要以史为鉴，坚定维护和平的决心。 为了和平，我们要牢固树立人类命运共同体意识。偏见和歧视、仇恨和战争，只会带来灾难和痛苦。相互尊重、平等相处、和平发展、共同繁荣，才是人间正道。世界各国应该共同维护以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为核心的国际秩序
22、和国际体系，积极构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系，共同推进世界和平与发展的崇高事业。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：War is like a mirror. Looking at it helps us better appreciate the value of peace. Today, peace and development have become the prevailing trend, but the world is far from tranquil. War is the sword of Damocles that still hangs over ma
23、nkind. We must learn the lessons of history and dedicate ourselves to peace. In the interest of peace, we need to foster a keen sense of a global community of shared future. Prejudice, discrimination, hatred and war can only cause disaster and suffering, while mutual respect, equality, peaceful deve
24、lopment and common prosperity represent the right path to take. All countries should jointly uphold the international order and system underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, build a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation and advance the noble cause of global peace and development.
