1、专业八级-210 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：60.00)Queen Mary“s Reign. Historic events A. King Henry planned Mary, his 1 , to marry his son Edward. B. Her mother plotted that Mary would marry, King Henry “s 2 , the Dauphin Francis. . 3 A. F
2、rance and England both try to take control of Scotland as a 4 to their countries. B. To strengthen 5 by consenting Mary“s marriage. . Queen Mary“s 6 A. Mary was educated in France in a manner befitting to be queen, affected by extravaganza, art, culture and 7 . B. Mary signed official promises to sa
3、feguard the 8 . C. Mary married Francis and became queen of 9 . D. Mary returned home after 10 . . Mary“s return A. 11 in the land of Scotland: Protestantism vs. Catholicism. B. Mary allowed Protestantism to continue as the official religion of Scotland, while she herself 12 . C. Mary kept her promi
4、se not to make any 13 of the state of religion. D. Mary wed Lord Darnley, her cousin, a Catholic and drove James 14 . E. Mary became queen in real sense, free to 15 . （分数：60.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B INTERV
5、IEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.Development of Indo-European Language.B.Origins of Indo-European Language.C.Revolution of Indo-European Language.D.Popularity of Indo-European Language.A.British.B.Nomads.C.Indians.D.Russian.A.Vocabulary.B.Grammar.C.Phonology.D.A, B and C.A.Sanskrit.B.Indian.C.Chinese.
6、D.Japanese.A.Proto-Indo-European.B.Ur-Language.C.Pro-European.D.None.（分数：20.00）A.Language change according to a product-based view.B.Language change according to a process-based view.C.Tendency of differentiating languages.D.Tendency of assimilating languages.A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.A.1780“s.B.1770“s.C.1870
7、“s.D.1880“s.A.Grammar replacement.B.Phonology replacement.C.Pronounce replacement.D.Linguistic replacement.A.It can replace other theories.B.It is not important at all.C.It is new but not reasonable.D.It plays a key role.专业八级-210 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTI
8、ON A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：60.00)Queen Mary“s Reign. Historic events A. King Henry planned Mary, his 1 , to marry his son Edward. B. Her mother plotted that Mary would marry, King Henry “s 2 , the Dauphin Francis. . 3 A. France and England both try to take control of Scotland as a 4 to their countries
9、. B. To strengthen 5 by consenting Mary“s marriage. . Queen Mary“s 6 A. Mary was educated in France in a manner befitting to be queen, affected by extravaganza, art, culture and 7 . B. Mary signed official promises to safeguard the 8 . C. Mary married Francis and became queen of 9 . D. Mary returned
10、 home after 10 . . Mary“s return A. 11 in the land of Scotland: Protestantism vs. Catholicism. B. Mary allowed Protestantism to continue as the official religion of Scotland, while she herself 12 . C. Mary kept her promise not to make any 13 of the state of religion. D. Mary wed Lord Darnley, her co
11、usin, a Catholic and drove James 14 . E. Mary became queen in real sense, free to 15 . （分数：60.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：grandniece）解析： grandniece 听力原文 Queen Mary“s ReignGood morning, everyone. In today“s lecture on British history, I would like to relate to you an inside story of Queen Mary, that is, how she
12、 was brought up to the throne and how it was going. At the beginning, King Henry had plans for his grandniece, the infantry Mary. He wanted her to marry his son Edward, and serve the ancient ties between Scotland and France. On July 1, 1543, Scottish nobles who were allied with the English king sign
13、ed a treaty agreeing to the marriage. But Mary“s mother, Marie of Guise, was a shrewd stateswoman, and she had plans of her own. Most of Scottish considered England an enemy. Both France and England wanted to make Scotland a dependant state to their countries. England had tried repeatedly to take co
14、ntrol of Scotland if for no other reason than that it, too, considered England an enemy. The French-Scottish alliance committed the two nations to helping each other against England aggression. Meanwhile, Marie of Guise and Cardinal David Beaton worked to have Mary crowned queen of Scotland and Fran
15、ce to the next level. This would be through a marriage between Mary and King Henry “s eldest son, the Dauphin Francis. Mary“s uncles, the brothers of Marie of Guise, aided in the discussions. The Scottish Parliament, which preferred an alliance with France to any connection with its arch enemy Engla
16、nd, consented to the marriage. Then, Mary“s life had gone to another page. Mary was sent to France in August 1548both for her own safety and to prepare for the ceremony. Then, with France“s help, the Scots were able to defeat the England. Mary was educated at the French court in a manner befitting a
17、 queen. Treated as a member of the royal Valois family, she was surrounded by extravagance, art, culture, Catholicism, and her influential uncles. Her closest companion was her future husband, the sickly Francis, for whom she felt genuine affection. Before her marriage, Mary signed official promises
18、 to safeguard the liberties of Scotland. Many historians believe that she also signed three secret documents in which she gave the kingdom of Scotland to France if she did not produce an heir. In April 1558, almost 10 years after her arrival in France, Mary married Francis. Her father-in-law boldly
19、proclaimed the couple the king and queen of England, even though Elizabeth I ascended to the throne that same year. According to England“s succession laws, Mary had no legal claim to the throne. Upon Henry “s death the following year, Francis became king of France, and Mary, queen. She now officiall
20、y wore two crowns. And there comes the return of Mary. A thick fog hugged the ship sailing into Harbor on August 19, 1561. Eighteen-year-old Mary, Queen of Scots, was returning home. She had been away for 13 years. Mary was returning to a land torn by civil war. After Mary“s husband Francis died in
21、December 1560, her Protestant half-brother, Lord James Stewart, invited her to rule Scotland. If Mary did not promote Catholicism publicly, he said, the lords would allow her to practice her religion privately. They hoped that Mary would convert to Protestantism. At first, Mary went along with the l
22、ords and allowed Protestantism to continue as the official religion of Scotland, while she herself remained Catholic. She probably thought that once she gained enough political support, she could restore Catholicism to Scotland. Many Scots, she knew, still believed in the “Auld Faith“. If the foggy
23、weather on her arrival dismayed Mary, the warm welcome she received must have cheered her. An eyewitness noted how the queen“s “beauty, youth and stately carriage“ excited the throngs who turned out to see her. They lighted joyful bonfires that night and serenaded the queen with Psalms. On the first
24、 Sunday after her return, however, Scottish nobles saw a priest preparing to celebrate Mass and tried to disrupt the service. James had to block them at the chapel door. At a ceremony a few days later, a child gave Mary a Bible in England. Mary was shocked to receive this reminder of the importance
25、Protestants put on reading scripture. For four years, Mary kept her promise not to make any alteration or innovation of the state of religion. She even warred against a powerful Catholic lord who challenged her loyalty to her half-brother James. Further, she arrested an archbishop for saying Mass. A
26、t the same time, however, she secretly looked for a husband, preferably a Catholic ruler of a strong military power. With the help of someone like the crown prince of Spain, for instance, she might bring Scotland back into the Catholic fold. She might also gain the throne of England, where many Cath
27、olics did not consider Elizabeth the legitimate ruler. But Mary“s quest for a foreign alliance failed. In 1565, a new opportunity knocked. Mary“s cousin, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, returned from England to his father“s estate in Scotland. Darnley was Catholic. Like Mary, he was descended from the
28、sister of Henry and had a strong claim to the English throne. Even better, he was tall, young, and handsome, and he shared Mary“s love for dancing, playing the lute, horseback riding, and hawking. In July, over the objections of her council, Mary wed Darnley. That fall, they chased their opponentsin
29、cluding Jamesout of Scotland. Mary must have felt that, at last, she was really queen, free to form her own policies. The fog that greeted her arrival had finally lifted. That“s it for today. Thank you for listening. 解析 细节题。讲座中说道：King Henry had plans for his grandniece, the infantry Mary. 所以 Mary是 H
30、enry的 grandniece。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：eldest so）解析： eldest son解析 细节题。讲座提到玛丽的母亲希望玛丽能够同时成为苏格兰女王和法国皇后，而要做到这一点，玛丽必须和具有王位继承权的亨利二世的大儿子结婚：This would be through a marriage between Mary and King Henry “s eldest son, the Dauphin Francis. 因此答案是 eldest son。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Political reasons/motivations）解析： Political re
31、asons/motivations解析 归总题。讲座这一部分主要讲述了苏格兰王室把玛丽嫁到法国去的政治原因：The French-Scottish alliance committed the two nations to helping each other against England aggression. 可见联姻的目的是巩固法国和苏格兰的同盟，共同抗击英格兰的入侵，因此答案为 political reasons/motivations。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：dependent state）解析： dependent state解析 细节题。讲座中提到法国和英格兰都希望把苏格
32、兰变成自己的附属国：Both France and England wanted to make Scotland a dependant state to their countries. 因此答案是 dependent state。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：French-Scottish ties/joints/links）解析： French-Scottish ties/joints/links解析 推断题。从讲座中可以了解到法国和英格兰争抢苏格兰使其成为它们的领地。所以，这桩政治婚姻的目的是将法国和苏格兰联合起来，共同对抗英格兰。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：climbing to
33、 throne）解析： climbing to throne解析 归总题。讲座并未直接给出答案，通过对讲座相关内容的梳理可知，最后玛丽确实获得了两个王冠，成为苏格兰和法国的王后：Upon Henry “s death the following year, Francis became king of France, and Mary, queen. She now officially wore two crowns. 因此这一部分讲座内容可以归纳成玛丽是如何登上后位的，答案为 climbing to throne或意思相近的词组。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Catholicism）解析：
34、 Catholicism解析 细节题一讲座中详细地指出：.she was surrounded by extravagance, art, culture, Catholicism, and her influential uncles. 笔记记下即可。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：liberties of Scotland）解析： liberties of Scotland解析 细节题。根据讲座内容“Before her marriage, Mary signed official promises to safeguard the liberties of Scotland. ”可知答案为
35、 liberties of Scotland。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：France and Scotland）解析： France and Scotland解析 推断题。讲座中提到：According to England“s succession laws, Mary had no legal claim to the throne. Upon Henry “s death the following year, Francis became king of France, and Mary, queen. She now officially wore two crowns. 可见在
36、丈夫弗朗西斯继位后，玛丽拥有了两个王冠，她既是法国的王后也是苏格兰的女王，因此答案是 France and Scotland，两者缺一不可。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：13/thirteen years）解析： 13/thirteen years解析 细节题。讲座中明确提到：She had been away for 13 years. 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Religious clashes）解析： Religious clashes解析 归总题。根据讲座内容可知，当时的苏格兰面临宗教冲突，主要是新教与天主教之间的较量，讲座后半段的重点就在于此。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：rema
37、ined Catholic）解析： remained Catholic解析 细节题。讲座中明确指出：Mary went along with the lords and allowed Protestantism to continue as the official religion of Scotland, while she herself remained Catholic. 可知她依然信仰天主教，所以答案是 remained Catholic。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：alteration or innovatio）解析： alteration or innovation解析 细
38、节题。根据讲座相关内容“Mary kept her promise not to make any alteration or innovation of the state of religion. ”可知答案是 alternation or innovation。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：out of Scotland）解析： out of Scotland解析 细节题。讲座最后提到玛丽与有着英格兰继承权的达恩利勋爵结婚，之后，他们成功驱逐了玛丽的兄弟詹姆士，玛丽最终成为苏格兰真正的统治者：That fall, they chased their opponentsincluding
39、Jamesout of Scotland. 所以答案是 out of Scotland。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：form/make her policies）解析： form/make her policies解析 归总题。讲座最后提到：she was really queen, free to form her own policies，也就是说她终于成了真正意义上的女王，能够自由地制定自己的政策，因此空格中的内容可以归纳为 form/make her policies。 三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.Developm
40、ent of Indo-European Language.B.Origins of Indo-European Language. C.Revolution of Indo-European Language.D.Popularity of Indo-European Language.解析：听力原文 I: Good morning, listeners. Today we are very glad to have Joanna Watson from Cambridge University to discuss with us the origins of Indo-European
41、languages. Nice to meet you, Joanna. J: Very pleased to meet you. I: As we all know, Indo-European languages have got the same ancestor. J: The traditional view goes like this. An Ur-language, ancestor to all Indo-European languages, was spoken by nomadic horsemen. They lived in what is now western
42、Russia, north of the Black Sea near the beginning of the Bronze Age. As these mounted warriors roamed over greater and greater expanses, they conquered the indigenous peoples and imposed their own proto-Indo-European language, which evolved in local areas into the European languages we know today. I
43、: This is a quite reasonable explanation, isn“t it? J: It seems reasonable in itself. But in recent years, many scholars, particularly archaeologists, have become dissatisfied with the traditional explanation. The starting point of the problem of the origins of Indo-European is not archaeological bu
44、t linguistic. I: What do you mean? J: Well, when linguists look at the languages of Europe, they quickly find that these languages are related. The connections can be seen in vocabulary, grammar and phonology. For instance, the numbers from one to ten are quite similar in several Indo-European langu
45、ages. There are significant similarities among many European languages and also Sanskrit, the language of the earliest literary texts of India, but those languages such as Chinese or Japanese are not members of the same family. I: Interesting. Can you give us a typical example? J: Sure. Take the Rom
46、ance languages as an example. Even to someone with no knowledge of Latin, the profound similarities among Romance languages would suggest that they were derived from a common ancestor. It would be possible to reconstruct many of the characteristics of the original proto-language. In much the same wa
47、y the branches of the Indo-European family could be studied and a hypothetical family tree constructed. I: So Indo-European languages do have a common ancestor. J: That“s true. And we call it proto-Indo-European. This is the tree approach to the explanation of the origin of Indo-European languages.
48、The basic process represented by the tree model is one of divergence: when languages become isolated from one another, they differ increasingly, and dialects gradually differentiate until they become separate languages. I: I see. So divergence is the main tendency in language evolution. What“s the main topic of this intervi
