1、专业八级-201 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：60.00)The Messages in Distance. People from different cultures 1 differently A. North Americans stand about two feet apart when talking. North Americans represents “ 2 “ culture. B. South America
2、ns stand much closer. C. 3 prefer very close contact. They belong to 4 : hold hands, look into the other“s eyes, bathe the other in their breath. . 5 A. A flight distance: comes within this distance, animals will run. B. 6 : with continued menace, animals will attack. . Distance reflects 7 A. Contac
3、t to 8 inches for wrestling or intimacy. B. Personal-space bubble is about feet. C. Personal distance allowance is 9 the limit of physical domination for discussing personal matters. D. 4 to 7 feet is 10 e.g. Office workers stand this far apart to talk. A boss standing this far from his secretary is
4、 considered 11 . E. 7 to 12 feet is a far-phase social distance E Above 12 feet is 12 . - speechmaking - for a very 13 of speaking e.g. a young woman rejected a wedding proposal because the man sat on a chair 8 feet away. . 14 on reactions towards crowding. e.g. Crowed in a small room - Men: become
5、15 . - Women: become friendlier and more intimate. （分数：60.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.Name calling.B.Spreading nasty rumors.C.Being naughty.D.Physical aggression.A.Persona
6、l and morality.B.Psychology and strengths.C.Personality and strengths.D.Confidence and power.A.Stressful experience.B.Mental disorder.C.Suicide attempt.D.Physical threatening.A.Being continually taunted.B.Being physically threatened.C.To the extend of extremely depressing.D.A, B and C.A.Those who ar
7、e much fatter than their peers.B.Those with a physical or mental defect.C.Those who are very physically weak.D.Those who are shy or diffident.（分数：20.00）A.Bullying is not inevitable.B.Bullying of continually taunted can be tolerant.C.Bullying is a nightmare to all children.D.There is no line in bully
8、ing behavior.A.Schools.B.Prisons.C.Residential environment.D.A, B and C.A.In the school.B.At home.C.In prison.D.All of the above.A.Bullying can occur anywhere, not just in school.B.Teachers must pay more responsibility.C.Children should be blamed.D.Bullying by a step-brother or sister is not bullyin
9、g.A.Demanding action from the Head of the school.B.Talking with the child“s teacher.C.Changing class or school for the child.D.Discussing with the child to find a solution.专业八级-201 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：60.00)The Messages in Di
10、stance. People from different cultures 1 differently A. North Americans stand about two feet apart when talking. North Americans represents “ 2 “ culture. B. South Americans stand much closer. C. 3 prefer very close contact. They belong to 4 : hold hands, look into the other“s eyes, bathe the other
11、in their breath. . 5 A. A flight distance: comes within this distance, animals will run. B. 6 : with continued menace, animals will attack. . Distance reflects 7 A. Contact to 8 inches for wrestling or intimacy. B. Personal-space bubble is about feet. C. Personal distance allowance is 9 the limit of
12、 physical domination for discussing personal matters. D. 4 to 7 feet is 10 e.g. Office workers stand this far apart to talk. A boss standing this far from his secretary is considered 11 . E. 7 to 12 feet is a far-phase social distance E Above 12 feet is 12 . - speechmaking - for a very 13 of speakin
13、g e.g. a young woman rejected a wedding proposal because the man sat on a chair 8 feet away. . 14 on reactions towards crowding. e.g. Crowed in a small room - Men: become 15 . - Women: become friendlier and more intimate. （分数：60.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：behave）解析： behave 听力原文 The Messages in DistanceGood mo
14、rning, everyone. Have you ever known that a man“s sense of self isn“t bounded by his skin? He walks around inside a kind of private bubble, which represents the amount of airspace he feels he must have between himself and other people. In today“s session, I am going to talk about personal space and
15、distance. There are four parts. First, the different understandings towards personal space lead to culturally different behaviour. Second, genetically speaking, it is an animal“s instinct to have personal bubbles. Third, the closeness of people decides personal relations. At last, men and women sens
16、e differently about the crowding. All right, let“s get down to the first part. The misunderstandings can develop because people from different cultures handle space in very different ways. For two unacquainted adult male North Americans, for example, the comfortable distance to stand for conversatio
17、n is about two feet apart. The South American likes to stand much closer, which creates problems when a South American and a North American meet face to face. The South American who moves in to what is to him a proper talking distance may be considered “pushy“ by the North American; and the North Am
18、erican may seem standoffish to the South American when he backs off to create a gap of the size that seems fight to him. If Americans and Latins have misunderstandings about maintaining a sociable distance, Americans and Arabs are even less compatible in their space habits. Arabs thrive on close con
19、tact. The Mediterranean Arabs belong to a touch culture and, in conversation, they literally envelop the other person. They hold his hands, look into his eyes, and they bathe him in their breath. North Americans who had lived overseas had been highly distressed by cultural differences so subtle and
20、so basic that their effects were felt for the most part at a preconscious level. Such distress is usually referred to as culture shock. Now, we shall have a close look at how animals deal with space. Animals also react to space and in ways that are predictable for each species. For example, many hav
21、e both a flight distance and a critical distance. If any creature sufficiently threatening comes within flight distance of the animal, it will run; but if the animal is cornered and the menace continues to advance until within critical distance, the animal will attack. A lion tamer apparently manipu
22、lates a lion by knowing to a hair what the beast“s critical distance is. The trainer steps across this sensitive boundary and the lion springs at him, landing on the stool that stands between them. Instantly, the man backs off until he“s beyond critical distance. And the animal stays where it is, no
23、 longer impelled to attack. A human being“s personal-space bubble represents the same kind of margin of safety. Let a stranger breach the bubble and the need to flee or to strike out usually surfaces immediately. One police textbook recognized this when it advised the detective, while questioning th
24、e suspect, to sit quite close to him with no table or other obstruction between and to move even closer as the interrogation progressed. As a matter of fact, the degree of closeness can convey messages far subtler than a threat. The third part tells you how the distance reflects personal relationshi
25、p. It neatly expresses the nature of any encounter. In fact a whole scale of distances, each felt to be appropriate in America for a particular kind of relationship. Contact to eighteen inches apart is the distance for wrestling or lovemaking or for intimate talk, even a discussion of the weather be
26、comes highly charged. At this range, people communicate not only by words but by touch, smell, body heat; each is aware of how fast the other is breathing, of changes in the pallor or texture of the skin. One and a half to two and a half feet is the close phase. It approximates the size of the perso
27、nal-space bubble in a noncontact culture such as North Americans. A wife can comfortably stand inside her husband“s bubble, but she may feel uneasy if another woman tries it. Personal distance is still for most people, within arm“s length, the limit of physical domination. It“s appropriate for discu
28、ssing personal matters. Four to seven feet is close social distance. In an office, people who work together normally stand this far apart to talk. However, when a man stands four to seven feet from where his secretary is sitting and looks down at her, it has a domineering effect. Far-phase social di
29、stance, seven to twelve feet, goes with formal conversation, and desks of important people are usually big enough to hold visitors to this distance. Above twelve feet, one gets into public distances, appropriate for speechmaking and for very formal stiff styles of speaking. Choosing the right distan
30、ce can be crucial. A young woman I know, proposed to by a man who thought she was in love with, turned him down on the spur of the moment. What decided her was the fact that he did this proposing while sitting a chair eight feet away. Lastly, the gender difference will also result in different react
31、ions towards crowding. Crowding definitely influences behaviour, and it influences men and women differently. Men, crowded together in a small room, become suspicious and combative. Women in the same situation become friendlier and more intimate with each other; they“re apt to like each other better
32、 and to find the whole experience more pleasant than they would if the group were converted in a larger room. In a small crowded room, an all-male jury gives a tougher verdict, an all-female jury a more lenient one. So much for today“s session. I shall reemphasize the importance of personal space an
33、d distance between people. Please remember that it is a truth anyone can easily demonstrate by moving in gradually on another person. At some point, the other will begin, irritably or just absentmindedly, to back away. Goodbye! 解析 要点题。但须根据笔记记录变换词性。讲座中说道：First, the different understandings towards pe
34、rsonal space lead to culturally different behaviour. 题目为 People from different cultures -|_|- differently. 将 behaviour改变成动词 behave就能契合答案的语法和语义要求。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：oncontact）解析： noncontact解析 推断题。但又有细节题的特质。录音中详细解释了北美人对谈话距离的要求为两英尺左右：Two unacquainted adult male North Americans, for example, the comfortable
35、 distance to stand for conversation is about two feet apart. 不像南美人 likes to stand much closer，更不能适应阿拉伯人 thrive on close contact。由此可推断北美人属于 noncontact culture。事实上，细心的学生在讲座说到第二大点的时候就可捕捉到这一信息：One and a half to two and a half feet is the close phase. It approximates the size of the personal-space bubble
36、 in a noncontact culture such as North Americans。这题的关键在于不但要有逻辑思维能力还需敏锐的听力。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Arabs）解析： Arabs解析 细节题。讲座第一段中提到北美人、南美人和阿拉伯人对待谈话距离的不同感受。题目第一段第三个小标题问的是“ -|_|- prefer even more close contact. ”前面第一小标题说的是北美人，第二说的是南美人，那么第三就应该是阿拉伯人了。而且录音中也提到：Arabs thrive on close contact. 答案就更毋庸置疑了。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：t
37、ouch culture）解析： touch culture解析 细节题。讲座提到：The mediterranean Arabs belong to a touch culture and, in conversation, they literally envelop the other person. They hold his hands, look into his eyes, and they bathe him in their breath. 可见地中海阿拉伯人完全属于“零距离”文化。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Animals“ space sense）解析： Animals
38、“ space sense解析 归总题。讲座相关内容包括：Animals also react to space and in ways that are predictable for each species. For example, many have both a flight distance and a critical distance. 虽然原文中没有直接可用的归纳词，但可以从填空题中的已知信息判断这一部分讲述的是动物的空间感，因此答案为 Animals“ space sense。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：A critical distance）解析： A critica
39、l distance 解析 细节题。讲座中说了动物的两种空间感，一是 a flight distance，二是 a critical distance。Many have both a flight distance and a critical distance. 题目已将这两种空间感的内容归纳整理好了，不难理解 A flight distance: comes within this distance, animals will run. (6) : with continued menace, animals will attack. 正是讲座中提到的内容：If any creature
40、 sufficiently threatening comes within flight distance of the animal, it will run; but if the animal is cornered and the menace continued to advance until within critical distance, the animal will attack。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：personal relationship）解析： personal relationship解析 要点题。讲座原文明确提到接下来的要点是人际距离如何反映人际关系
41、：The third part tells you how the distance reflects personal relationship. 因此答案是personal relationship。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：18/eightee）解析： 18/eighteen解析 细节题。如果仔细听并记下笔记就不难回答这一问题。讲座中说道：Contact to eighteen inches apart is the distance for wrestling or lovemaking or for intimate talk, even a discussion of the
42、weather becomes highly charged. 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：within arm“s length）解析： within arm“s length解析 细节题。讲座直截了当地指出：Personal distance is still for most people, within arm“s length, the limit of physical domination. It“s appropriate for discussing personal matters. 与题目 Personal distance allowance is -|_|-the l
43、imit of physical domination for discussing personal matters. 完全相符。所以答案就是 within arm“s length。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：close social distance）解析： close social distance解析 细节题。根据讲座原文“Four to seven feet is close social distance. ”即可直接得出答案。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：domineering）解析： domineering解析 细节题。讲座中说道：.when a man stands fo
44、ur to seven feet from where his secretary is sitting and looks down at her, it has a domineering effect。既然老板与秘书说话距离过远会有凌驾于别人之上的感觉，那么题目中的 A boss standing this far from his secretary is considered -|_|-. 就应该直接填入 domineering。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：public distance）解析： public distance解析 推断题。讲座原文和题目的内容基本相符，只需稍加思考
45、即可答出。讲座中说：Above twelve feet, one gets into public distances, appropriate for speechmaking and for very formal stiff styles of speaking. 指 12英尺以上人们就进入了公共场所的距离，那么题目Above 12 feet is -|_|-. 就应该填入 public distance。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：formal stiff/rigid style）解析： formal stiff/rigid style解析 推断题。讲座中提到：Above twelv
46、e feet, one gets into public distances, appropriate for speechmaking and for very formal stiff styles of speaking. 这里 formal style是关键词，关键词填错不得分。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：The gender effect/difference）解析： The gender effect/difference解析 归总题。讲座最后部分提到不同性别对拥挤现象的不同反应：.the gender difference will also result in differe
47、nt reactions towards crowding. 因此答案为 The gender difference。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：suspicious and combative）解析： suspicious and combative解析 细节题。讲座最后一大点说道：Men, crowded together in a small room, become suspicious and combative。男人们聚集在一个小房间里的反应是猜疑和斗志旺盛，这与后文中女性会变得 friendlier and more intimate完全相反，可以根据讲座内容直接填写，关键是正确拼写 suspicious和 combative二词。 三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.Name calling.B.Spreading nasty rumors.C.Being naughty. D.Physical aggression.解析：听力原文 I: Good morning, listeners. Today we are very happy to invite Professor Jackson Jones to discuss the problem
