1、专业八级-197 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling t
2、ask after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps be
3、low require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.B The Marriage Contract/BA marriage is a contract. You can either write that contract yourselfor choose between two prefabricated contracts. T
4、he first option is similarto the no-fault contract. The second is the so-called “covenant marriage“.Even if you never divorce, your choice among contracts can(1)_ the entire course of your marriage. Thats because the 1._possibility of divorce alters your incentives to keep your spouse happy.Lets com
5、pare three kinds of marriage: a no-fault contract where either party can (2)_ a divorce on demand, a mutual-consent 2. _contract where both parties must agree to a divorce, and a covenant marriage where even mutual consent is not (3)_You might think 3. _that of these three kinds, (4)_. marriage is a
6、lways the most likely 4. _to end in divorce. That isnt true. The reason is that a lot of marital issues are negotiable. And the negotiating process itself provides all theright incentives to (5)_your spouses needs. 5._Under either no-fault or mutual-consent system, the marriage(6)_ as long as its po
7、ssible to keep both partners happier 6. _together than they would be apart. Therefore, these two systems producethe same number of divorces. On the other hand, if youre in a covenantmarriage, divorce might be (7)_even when the marriage turns 7._bad for both of you. If we assume that all marital conf
8、licts are(8)_, the covenant marriage has no striking advantages. But 8._sometimes there are important decisions that cant be negotiated, like thedecision whether to bring home a surprise bouquet of flowers. Its the issues you cant negotiate that makes the covenant marriage worth considering. But the
9、 same inability can make the no-fault marriages the (9_of all. 9._In conclusion, when marital issues are negotiable, no-fault and mutual consent do equally well and covenant marriage is always a mistake.But when important issues cant be negotiated, both the covenant marriage and the no-fault become
10、more (10)_. 10._（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answe
11、r sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with Mrs. Sutter. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).What does this interview mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.The need to control population both i
12、n those underdeveloped countries and in developed countries.B.How to control population in Europe.C.Scarcity of food and other resources in the world.D.Population and environment.(2).According to the interviewee Mrs. Sutter, the reason for limiting population is that _.（分数：1.00）A.the world has less
13、space for people to live inB.the underdeveloped countries have great problems in increasing their productivity to produce more materialsC.population is directly related to consuming food and other resources, which are being run outD.people are always destroying their living environment(3).According
14、to the interviewee, why is it necessary to limit the population even in Europe and America?（分数：1.00）A.European people and American people shouldnt shirk the responsibility of the whole globe.B.The people in Europe and Americas consume a far greater proportion of the worlds resources and the worlds f
15、ood.C.The number of the people in Europe and Americas is no less than that of in underdeveloped world.D.They can save more to meet tile needs of the underdeveloped world.(4).According to the interviewee, under what circumstance is it possible to increase population?（分数：1.00）A.We raise productivity a
16、nd produce more food.B.We are willing to eat less food and use less material.C.We find another planet to live on.D.The developed world is willing to help the underdeveloped world.(5).According to the interviewee, which section of population should free birth control techniques be NOT compulsory?（分数：
17、1.00）A.Upper-middle class people.B.High IQ intelligentsia.C.Those who have less than three children.D.Those who have more than three children.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of t
18、he two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).How many casualties were caused by the three bombs?（分数：1.00）A.2 people.B.30 people.C.28 people.D.1200 people.(2).Who was thought to be responsible for Thursdays bombings?（分数：1.00）A.Terrorists.B.Civilians.C.Muslim extremist rebels.D.The European Un
19、ion.Questions 7 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).The diplomatic difference between France and the United States is mainly on _.（分数：1.00）A.IraqB.LebanonC.AfghanistanD
20、.Syria(2).According to some experts, with President Bushs re-election, the relation between European countries and the United States will_.（分数：1.00）A.reach a low pointB.depend on NATO operationsC.depend on bilateral economic cooperationsD.get warmer and better.1.In this section you will hear everyth
21、ing ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.Among m
22、ajor oil companies, Exxon, Mobil and Shell all reported_.（分数：1.00）A.lower profits, but improved chemical operations offset sluggish profits at petroleum operationsB.higher profits, but improved chemical operations offset sluggish profits at petroleum operationsC.earning statements of major U. S. coo
23、perations continue to show mixed resultsD.Texaco sold its chemical business last year四、BPART READING (总题数：3，分数：10.00)In this section there are six reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheetBTEXT A/B
24、Angered by an excise tax imposed on whiskey in 1791 by the federal government, farmers in the western counties of Pennsylvania engaged in a series of attacks on excise agents. The tariff effectively eliminated any profit by the farmers from the sale or barter of an important cash crop. It became the
25、 lightning rod for a wide variety of grievances by the settlers of the region against the federal government. While citizens in the east did not find it difficult to abide by the concept that individual states were “subservient to the country,“ people west of the mountains were less accepting of dec
26、isions made by the central government. The rebel farmers continued their attacks, rioting in river towns and roughing up tax collectors until the so-called “insurrection“ flared into the open in July of 1794, when a federal marshal was attacked in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Almost at the same t
27、ime several hundred men attacked the residence of the regional inspector, burning his home, barn and several outbuildings. Pittsburgh was also a scene of disorder by enraged mobs.On August 7, 1794 President Washington issued a proclamation, calling out the militia and ordering the disaffected wester
28、ners to return to their homes. Washingtons order mobilized an army of approximately 13,000 (as large as the one that had defeated the British), under the command of General Harry Lee, the then-Governor of Virginia and father of Robert E. Lee. Washington himself, in a show of presidential authority,
29、set out at the head of the troops to suppress the uprising.This was the first use of the Militia Law of 1792, setting a precedent for the use of the militia to “execute the laws of the union, (and) suppress insurrections,“ asserting the right of the national government to enforce order in one state
30、with troops raised in other states. Even more importantly, it was the first test of power of the new federal government, establishing its primacy in disputes with individual states. In the end, a dozen or so men were arrested, sent to Philadelphia to trial and released after pardons by Washington.（分
31、数：4.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：1.00）A.Federal versus state powers.B.The effects of tariffs.C.The whiskey rebellion.D.The Militia Law of 1792.(2).According to the passage, farmers were angry about the tariff because _.（分数：1.00）A.they could no longer barterB.excise agents were enf
32、orcing it too stronglyC.they didnt like a lot of things the government didD.it prevented any income from an important crop(3).The author develops discussion in paragraph 1 by means of_.（分数：1.00）A.describing a processB.an historical accountC.stating an issue and giving examplesD.explaining a problem(
33、4).How did Washington demonstrate his presidential leadership when an army was organized?（分数：1.00）A.By making it as large as the one that had defeated the British.B.By putting General Lee in charge.C.By using the Militia Law.D.By being at the front of the troops.BTEXT B/BIn early Colonial America se
34、ttlers used makeshift shelters, the most primitive of which was the dugout, like a cave dug into the side of a hill, sometimes built up with sod and covered over with poles and bark. Somewhat more ambitious was the palisade hut, or cabin, built of upright poles driven into the ground, woven with wat
35、tles, chinked with clay, and roofed with turf or thatch. The “wigwam“ may be derived from the building traditions of local Indians. These were constructed by bending and tying stripped saplings into a vault, interweaving them with twigs, and covering them with bark. The interior might also be insula
36、ted with straw. Only the iron cooking pots they had brought with them gave any indication of the advanced technology out of which these people had come. Most of the New England settlers came from the rural areas of East Anglia, and the Gothic building forms of that region were transplanted, though m
37、odified by local conditions and materials. The framed half-timbered house in America continued a long medieval European tradition of carpentry construction. Tile heavy timbers were intricately joined and pegged into a rigid timber interlocking frame.In the beginning, most houses consisted of one roo
38、m and an attic, with a fireplace on a short wall. Roofs were shingled or thatched and chimneys were made of logs daubed with clay. This type was long continued in use by poorer inhabitants, new arrivals, and those who pushed on into the wilderness. For the more affluent, the earlier form was soon su
39、pplanted by the socalled “classic“ type. It had two stories and an attic, two rooms to a floor, one on either side of a central chimney built of brick. Brick and stone buildings were rare at first in the colonies because of the shortage of lime for mortar. Even when masonry houses began to symbolize
40、 status, New England retained throughout the colonial period a preference for its earlier wood tradition.The major English variant from the New England cottage was the plantation house of the southern colonies. The same Gothic traditions prevailed there, but because of the differences in economic an
41、d social life and background of these colonists, their architecture tended to imitate the English manor house rather than the yeomans cottage. Also, these settlers crone from different areas of England, bringing with them a greater variety and preference for brick.（分数：3.00）(1).The “wigwam“ is mentio
42、ned in line 5 as an example of a building form_.（分数：1.00）A.made into a hillsideB.more ambitious than a dugoutC.without inside walls that might help to insulateD.possibly developed from those of the earlier inhabitants(2).It can be inferred from the passage that southern colonists _.（分数：1.00）A.develo
43、ped their housing style to meet basic needs rather than develop a new community with its own traditionsB.were more influenced by the English system of social classes than the New England ColonistsC.had a preference for timber because it helped to clear the land for large plantationsD.came from the p
44、oorer areas of England(3).Which of the following statements about early colonial housing is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The plantation house of the southern colonies was based on the wealthier houses in England.B.New England continued to prefer timber rather than brick, even when masonry
45、 house began to symbolize status.C.The English Gothic building traditions influenced the way houses were built in both New England and the South.D.Brick and stone buildings were most common where the influence of English traditions was the strongest.BTEXT C/BIt is 1 a.m. and the last competitor in t
46、he last round of the Santander Piano Competition is still only halfway through Tchaikovskys B flat minor concerto, the third account we have heard in two days. Three thousand people, shoe-horned into an auditorium created by the transformation of a handsome Spanish plaza into something like Selfridg
47、es Christmas grotto, fan themselves frantically under the television lights, as heat and tension rise iii corresponding leaps. It will be a long night, stretching on until 5:30 a. m. when the judges give their verdict. At 11:30 a.m. the finalists are on duty again, forcing sleep-starved features int
48、o brave smiles for the press call.It is a tough routineillustrative, you might think, of the familiar arguments against competitions: the blood-sports mentality, the arbitrary nature of the findings (competitions favor “competition-winners“, not “musicians“) and the effect on the participants lives. Recent history suggests you may be more likely to build an enduring reputation ( beyond the round of official engagements that usually come with competition prizes ) not by winning but by losing spe
