1、专业八级-185 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling t
2、ask after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to cheek your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap. filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps b
3、elow require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.BJealousys Purpose/BGood morning, everyone. Todays lecture will focus on a commonpsychological problemjealousy. Evolutionary psychology holds
4、 that human impulses and behaviors are best understood as the (1)_ of 1. _natural selection.According to Buss, a professor of psychology, jealousy did not arisefrom capitalism, particularly, culture, socialization, media, characterdefects of neurosis, but it is an adaptive (2)_, forged over millions
5、 2. _of years, which is connected with long-term love.To chart the boundaries of jealousy, Buss surveyed hundreds of menand women in the different countries, and found that most men chose(3)_infidelity, and most women chose emotional infidelity. 3. _A woman can be (4)_that a child she bears carries
6、her 4. _genes. But, for a man, it is always possible that the partner is havingsomeone elses baby. So he is particularly (5)_about matters of 5. _sex. In surveys, three-quarters of men say they would have sex with anattractive member of the (6)_sex who propositioned them on 6. _the street.Womens jea
7、lousy, by contrast, tends to revolve around emotionalissues. Women are almost always involved in raising children, and theywant to (7)_that the male will provide resources sufficient for 7._the children to thrive. Hence, females are particularly attuned to emotional infidelity, which may ultimately
8、(8)_the well-being of 8._their offspring.In Buss view, jealousy remains a (9)_force in the modern 9._age. If it is properly used, jealousy can (10) _ relationship, 10._spark passion, and amplify commitment So jealousy should not berecognized as a “negative emotion“ that invariably portends a relatio
9、nshipin distress.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answ
10、er sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with a therapist. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview. （分数：5.00）(1).What does this interview mainly talk about?（分数：1.00）A.The high divorce rate in this
11、country.B.The conflicts people are confronted in their daily life.C.Differences between men and women in marriage.D.Superficial friendship in this country.(2).What kind of people usually go to a therapist?（分数：1.00）A.The couple who want to have a divorce.B.Young people who have conflicts with their p
12、arents.C.People who are not satisfied with their job.D.People who have successful careers.(3).What does Mr. Schwartz, the therapist, say about the nature of marriage in this country?（分数：1.00）A.The couple have to comprise to each other.B.The structure of marriage is tied into a kinship structure.C.It
13、s a relationship between two families.D.Its two people who are largely on their own, and who are expecting a great deal from each other.(4).Mr. Schwartz thinks that friendships in this country is_.（分数：1.00）A.superficialB.very closeC.quite difficultD.much emphasized(5).What can be inferred from this
14、conversation?（分数：1.00）A.Many professional women launch their careers first, then have children later.B.People in this country spend less time with friends than with family.C.There is no much difference between men and women with a view to friendship.D.Women come to the therapist more often than men.
15、三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 7 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).A fire broke out at the psychiatric hospital_.（分数：1.00）A.the day before yesterdayB.at two o
16、clock yesterday morningC.around 2: 00 p.m. yesterdayD.at twenty past five yesterday morning(2)._ worked together and put out the fire.（分数：1.00）A.Firemen, policemen and reportersB.Doctors, nurses and patientsC.Firemen, policemen and doctorsD.Volunteers, policemen and firefighters1.In this section you
17、 will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen t
18、o the news.The news from the Indian Kashmir tells us that_.（分数：1.00）A.the barriers have been removedB.the government army have besieged the areaC.a general strike has been overD.there will be another StrikeQuestions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be gi
19、ven 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Yesterdays strike led to complete confusion for_.（分数：1.00）A.touristsB.commutersC.employersD.bus drivers(2).Railway workers joined in the strike because they_.（分数：1.00）A.attempted to halt the whole network for trai
20、n travelB.wanted to support workers from other unionsC.were dissatisfied with proposed rise in unemploymentD.were unhappy with their working conditions四、BPART READING (总题数：6，分数：20.00)In this section there are six reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages
21、 and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.BTEXT A/BPrior to 1905, space and time were comfortable absolutes. Over 250 years of practical experience and experimentation had firmly established the supremacy of the physics of Sir Isaac Newton. The picture of the universe painted by Newt
22、on was one of amazing clarity and practical value. The motions of projectiles, pendulums, steam engines, and even distant planets could be readily explained using the brilliant 17th century physicists theories. However, certain phenomena, including how light was able to travel in a vacuum and the ex
23、act nature of gravity continued to elude satisfactory scientific explanation.While searching for a solution to the failure of the now famous Michelson-Morey experiment, Albert Einstein( who left Germany when the Nazis took power, and became an American citizen in 1940 ) discovered his Special Theory
24、 of Relativity. A few years later, he expanded his theory into an all-encompassing grand view of the universe. His General Theory of Relativity was the first to describe the nature of gravity. The General Theory describes a four dimensional universe in which the three spatial dimensions are coupled
25、with a fourth, time. Any object in the universe with mass is described as causing a warp, or curve into the very structure of spacetime itself. Gravity is shown to be a result, not of some unforeseen, mysterious force, but as a function of the curvature of space itself. All matter, from the tiniest
26、sub-atomic particle to the most massive of galaxies, will induce this curvature.This idea is frequently explained by describing space as a rubber sheet, and a body such as the sun as a bowling hall. If the hall is placed on the rubber sheet, the sheet will bend under the weight of the ball, forming
27、a gravity well. Thus, the orbits of the planets can be seen to result from them “rolling“ around the mouth of the suns gravity well. Of course, this analogy is but a shadow of the tree nature of space. In reality, this gravity well is a four dimensional structure. Shortly after publication of the Ge
28、neral Theory, physicists began to explore this strange new world.（分数：4.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：1.00）A.Albert Einsteins life and achievements.B.How Einstein changed the way we look at the universe.C.The Special Theory of Relativity.D.Landmarks in understanding the universe.(2)
29、.According to the passage, which of the following phenomena did Einstein describe in his General Theory of Relativity, that was not explained by Newtons theory?（分数：1.00）A.A solution to the Michelson-Morley experiment.B.The motions of distant planets.C.How light could travel in a vacuum.D.The nature
30、of gravity.(3).According to the passage, the General Theory describes gravity as a function of_.（分数：1.00）A.timeB.massC.curvatureD.unknown forces(4).It can be inferred from the simplicity of the example of the bowling ball and rubber sheet to describe Einsteins theory that_.（分数：1.00）A.this was how Ei
31、nstein reached his conclusionsB.Einstein used this example to explain his theory to studentsC.the theory is so complex that a more detailed example would not allow most people to quickly understand the general ideaD.any theory is just a way of trying to explain something for which there is no certai
32、nty, so a simple example is sufficientBTEXT B/BPatent medicine used in America dates back to the early days of the Republic, when drugs imported from Europe were sold by postmasters, goldsmiths, grocers, and tailors. Their use expanded during the Jacksonian era as Americans rebelled against traditio
33、nal doctors and enthusiastically endorsed quackery. Increasing urbanization and industrialization also fed the market for patent medicines, as new drugs were needed to combat epidemics. But these sales, by mid-century, were due to two non-medical events.Patent legislation in 1793 made it possible fo
34、r manufactures to protect their product against counterfeiters. But most manufacturers did not seek patents on the formulas for their medicines, since these were often combinations of common products like alcohol and vegetable extracts which they preferred not to reveal. Instead, they sought patents
35、 on the shape of the bottle, promotional materials, and label information.The number of newspapers published in the country grew from 200 during Jeffersons administration to over 4000 at the time of Lincolns presidency. The Penny Press, begun by Benjamin Day in 1833, was marketed at a mass audience
36、and cost just one cent per issue. To recover revenue lost from subscription prices, Day and others sought profits through advertising. Patent medicine was the perfect product to advertise in penny papers since its sensational claims buttressed the sensational bent of the news and stories in them.“Ly
37、dia Pinkhams Vegetable Compound“ was the most successful patent medicine of the century, and Mrs. Pinkhams face was known across the country. Like most Americans, she was convinced that Divine Providence had stocked the promised land with vegetables and herbs unknown elsewhere, which could cure dise
38、ase. Mrs. Pinkham received the basic formula for her nostrum as payment for a debt owed her husband. As a result of severe economic hardships for her family, she began heavy promotion of the medicine in Boston newspapers in 1876, and her son attached his mothers picture to the product. Thus was born
39、 modem advertising. Mrs. Pinkham was popular with her female followers for her feminist bent, and for the fact that she encouraged them to write her for advice. An analysis of the compound by the AMA in 1914 revealed it was 20 percent alcohol, with the rest made of vegetable extracts.（分数：3.00）(1).Wh
40、at aspect of patent medicine does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：1.00）A.The danger.B.Why it was so popular.C.Whether it was an example of quackery.D.The disadvantages.(2).Which of the following did patent medicine and the penny press have in common, according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.An approach to
41、 gaining attention of the public.B.A belief in advertising.C.The need to recover money.D.A mass audience.(3).Women were attracted to Mrs. Pinkham because_.（分数：1.00）A.of her photoB.of her productC.of her interest in themD.of her sonBTEXT C/BThe traditional image of cave dwellers is probably ape-like
42、creatures clad in skimpy animal skins, complete with clubs and matted hair and chewing unidentifiable bones. But in the region around Saumur, living in caves is making a comeback. Not that it ever completely disappeared.In a region famous for its wine production( Anjou), it is hardly surprising that
43、 caves form a part of local life, but it was the nineteenth century quarries cut into the local tuffeau stone which provided an impetus for cave dwellers. Excavating the stone for building purposes left arched caverns, and local inhabitants found that these provided cheap living quarters. If you wan
44、ted to extend them, all you had to do was to hack away a bit more of the easily worked rock. Build a wall across the front, with a door and windows and you had a home.“Its possible to drive through this area without seeing it properly because so much is underground,“ says Michel Renou, director of a
45、 recently opened study center at Doue la Fontaine.Until recently many cave houses were used for storage, for maturing wine and for growing mushrooms rather than for habitation, but now there is a definite trend back to cave dwelling. Caves are proving particularly popular with painters, sculptors an
46、d craft workers. There is even a building firm that specializes in restoring and making safe disused cave houses.Bernard Foyer, once an electronics executive, moved to a cave this summer, selling his conventional home. “Its more tranquil,“ he explains. “It suits my state of mind: I like to be left a
47、lone in my cave.“ He claims that the authorities pay little attention to cave dwellers and, knowing that they often have small incomes, the tax collectors by and large leave them be.“And theyre a lot cheaper to buy than any normal house,“ says Mr. Foyer. “I bought my first cave 15 years ago. It had
48、five rooms, a lot of storage space and cost me 1,000 francs (about 100).“（分数：3.00）(1).What has the writer found in Saumur?（分数：1.00）A.Traces of prehistoric cave dwellers.B.Caves inhabited since prehistoric times.C.People who dress in animal skins.D.People who choose to live in caves.(2).How did cave dwelling start in this region7（分数：1.00）A.It is an ancient tradition.B.The wine producers lived near their stores.C.Local people moved into holes made when rock was cut.D.Persecution made it n
