1、专业八级-184 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)B Rainmaking/B Scientific rainmaking was started by Vincent J. Schaefer after the year ofU (1) /U. A luckyU (2) /Ubrought him to success. Schaefer was hired, during World War II, by Dr. Irving Langmuir to study how and whyU (3) /
2、Uforms on the wings of airplanes. The two went to New Hampshire becauseU (4) /Uwere common and cold winds often blew. In New Hampshire, they were surprised to learn that the temperature of the clouds surrounding them was far below theU (5) /U, and yet ice did not form there. After the war Schaefer w
3、ent on the experiment. One morning a friend asked him to go for lunch. He went and left theU (6) /Uof the freezer up. When he returned from lunch, he found the temperature of the freezer wasU (7) /Uthan that required for ice crystals to remain solid. There were two choices now. He could wait for the
4、 freezer to lower the air temperature or he could addU (8) /Uice. He chose the latter. Then when he did this, he happened toU (9) /Ua large amount of air. Suddenly he sawU (10) /Uwere formed. He did the experiment again and succeeded in making a tiny snowstorm in the laboratory.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项
5、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).How did Richard first know he was iii?（分数：1.00）A.He felt tired and sleepy.B.He was desperate for a drink of water.C.lie had a poor appetite.D.He went to the doctor and had a urine test.(2).How old was he when
6、 he began to suffer from diabetes?（分数：1.00）A.He was in his puberty.B.He was in his childhood.C.He was in his middle age.D.He was in his sixties.(3).According to the interview, what does a diabetic actually suffer from?（分数：1.00）A.A shortage of insulin.B.A shortage of water.C.A heavy load of sugar.D.A
7、 heavy load of urine.(4).What should a diabetic do, according to the doctor?（分数：1.00）A.Eat more vegetables and fruit, but less fat.B.Do more exercises to get rid of sugar.C.Drink as much water as possible.D.Stop eating sweets and candies.(5).What is most likely to be the treatment for Richard?（分数：1.
8、00）A.A proper diet and tablets.B.A new kidney for him.C.Insulin injections.D.An operation to remove sugar.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).How have three members of Action Direct Group been acquitted?（分数：1.00）A.After they had been on hunger strike.B.After they lodged strong protest.C.After the court
9、 failed to get enough evidence.D.After the victim testified they were innocent.(2).Why were the three on hunger strike?（分数：1.00）A.They were beaten up by the police guard.B.They were not given enough food to eat.C.They were put in solitary confinement.D.They were charged without any evidence.(3).How
10、long did the trail last?（分数：1.00）A.Two days.B.The whole month of December.C.Ten days.D.Only the first week of December.I Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).How mu
11、ch money was being transferred from Federal Reserve Board in New York to the Central Bank of Argentina?（分数：1.00）A.More than 8,000,000 dollars.B.More than 15,000,000 dollars.C.More than 50,000,000 dollars.D.More than 25,000,000 dollars.(2).How was the stolen money discovered?.（分数：1.00）A.During handli
12、ng of baggage at the airport.B.During a drug investigation at the airport.C.During investigation of the accident.D.During handling of documents.四、BPART READING (总题数：6，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BScience is a cumulative body of knowledge about the natural world, obtained by the application of a particular meth
13、od practised by the scientist. The word science itself is derived from the Latin scire, which means to know, to have knowledge of or to experience. Technology is the fruit of applied science, it is the concrete expression of research done in the laboratory and applied to manufacturing commodities to
14、 meet human needs. The word scientist was introduced only in 1840 by William Whewell, Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Cambridge. In his Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, he wrote: “We need a name to describe a cultivator of science in general. I should be inclined to call him
15、a scientist.“ The “cultivators of science“ before 1840 were known as “natural philosophers“. The founders of the 300-year-old Royal Society were typical “natural philosophers“. They were curious, often eccentric persons who poked inquiring fingers at nature. In the process of doing so they stated a
16、technique of inquiry we know today as the “scientific method“.Briefly, these are the steps in the method. First comes the thought that sparks off the inquiry. (For. example, in 1896, the physicist Henri Becquerel, in communications to the French Academy of Sciences, stated that he found that uranium
17、 salts emitted rays of unknown nature. His discovery excited Marie Curie. Along with her husband Pierre, she wanted to know more about this radiation. What was it exactly, and where did it come from?)Second comes the collecting of facts: the techniques of doing this will differ according to the prob
18、lem to be solved. However it is based on experiments in which one may use anything from a test tube to an earth satellite to gather essential data. (If you do not know the difficulties which the Curies encountered to gather their facts, as they investigated the mysterious uranium rays, I advise you
19、to read the remarkable story in the book Madame Curie by her daughter Eve. )This leads to step three: organising the facts and studying the relationships that emerge. (These rays were different from anything known. How can this be explained? Did this radiation come from the atom itself? It might wel
20、l be that other materials also emit radiation. Madame Curie investigated and found this was so. She invented the word radioactivity for this phenomenon. She followed this with further experimental work on only “active“ radioelements. )Step four is the statement of a hypothesis or theory: that is, fr
21、aming a general truth that has emerged and that may be modified as new facts emerge. (In July 1898, the Curies announced the probable presence in pitchblende ores of a new element endowed with powerful radioactivity. This was the beginning of the discovery of radium. )Then follows the clearer statem
22、ent of the theory. (In December 1898, the Curies reported to the Academy of Sciences: “The various reasons we have enumerated lead us to believe that the new radioactive substance contains a new element to which we propose to give the name of Radium. The new radioactive substance certainly contains
23、a very strong proportion of bariums in spite of that its radioactivity is considerable. The radioactivity of radium therefore must be enormous. “)And the final step is the practical test of the theory-the prediction of new facts. This is essential because from this flows the possibility of control b
24、y man of the forces of nature that are newly revealed.Note how Marie Curie used deductive reasoning in order to push on. “This kind of detective work is basic to the methodology of science. Further, she was concerned with probability and not certainty-in her investigations. Also, although the Curies
25、 were doing the basic research work at great expense to themselves in hard physical toil, they knew that they were part of an international group of people all concerned with their search for truth. Their reports were published and immediately examined by scientists all over the world. Any flaws in
26、their argument, would be pointed out to them immediately.（分数：4.00）(1).It is implied rather than clearly stated in the first paragraph that_.（分数：1.00）A.science is concerned about the natural worldB.technology is the result of applied scienceC.a scientist is a cultivator of scienceD.the scientific met
27、hod is indispensable in the pursuit of science(2).Which of the following is the most important in the steps in the scientific method?（分数：1.00）A.Collecting and organising the facts.B.Stating a hypothesis.C.Testing the hypothesis,D.Publishing the theory.(3).Which of the following questions might the C
28、uries NOT ask in their investigations?（分数：1.00）A.What was radiation exactly?B.What materials might have radioactivity?C.How could man avoid powerful radioactivity?D.How strong is the radioactivity of radium?(4).What happened in scientific circles after the Curies had completed the final step?（分数：1.0
29、0）A.Scientists used deductive reasoning to test their investigations,B.Scientists were concerned with probability in their investigations.C.Scientists read their reports and examined their investigations.D.Scientists were critical of their investigations.BTEXT B/BFor hundreds of years, farmers have
30、selected and bred plants and animals to favour, or bring out, characteristics they desired For example, cows that produced large amounts of milk were selected for breeding, while poor milk producers were not allowed to reproduce. Similarly, horses were bred for speed and strength. Those having these
31、 desired characteristics were selected for breeding. Over time, these preferred breeds became more common than earlier, less desired types. This selective breeding is called artificial selection.The theory of evolution by natural selection was put forward in a joint presentation of the views of Char
32、les Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace before the Linnaean Society of London in 1858. Darwin and Wallace were not the first to suggest that evolution occurred, but their names are linked with the idea of evolution because they proposed the theory of natural selection as the mechanism by Which evoluti
33、on occurs. We are always more likely to believe in a process when people explain how it happens than if they merely assert that it does.The theory of evolution by means of natural selection is based on three observations. First, as we can see by comparing one cat or human being with another, the mem
34、bers of a species differ from one another; that is, there is variation among individuals of the same species. Second, some of the differences between individuals are inherited. (Other differences are not inherited, but are caused by different environments. For instance, two plants with identical gen
35、es may grow to different sizes if one of them is planted in poor soil.) Third, more organisms are born than live to grow up and reproduce: many organisms die as embryos or seeds, as saplings, nestlings, or larvae.The logical conclusion from these three observations is that certain genetic characteri
36、stics of an organism will increase its chances of living to grow up and reproduce over the chances of organisms with other characteristics. To take an extreme example, if you have inherited a severe genetic disease of the liver, you have a much lower chance of living to grow up and reproduce than so
37、meone born without this disease.Inherited characteristics that improve an organisms chances of living and reproducing will be more common in the next generation and those that decrease its chances of reproducing will be less common. Various genes or combinations of genes will be naturally selected f
38、rom one generation to the next (that is, to cause evolution). It is not necessary that all genes affect survival and reproduction; the same result occurs if just some genes make an individual more likely to grow up and reproduce.To summarize:1. Individuals in a population vary in each generation.2.
39、Some of these variations are genetic.3. More individuals are produced than live to grow up and reproduce.4. Individuals with some genes are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with other genes.Conclusion: From the above four premises it follows that those genetic traits that make their o
40、wners more likely to grow up and reproduce will become increasingly common in the population from one generation to the next.（分数：3.00）(1).The main difference between natural and artificial selection is that human beings_.（分数：1.00）A.control the direction of artificial selectionB.control the direction
41、 of natural selectionC.make new genes in artificial selectionD.make new genes in natural selection(2).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Members of a species differ from one another.B.All differences between individuals are inherited.C.Two organisms with identical genes may gro
42、w to different sizes.D.Not all of the organisms can live to reproduce.(3).What would happen to inherited characteristics in the next generation in the process of natural selection?（分数：1.00）A.Inherited characteristics that decrease an organisms chances of living and reproducing will be more common.B.
43、Inherited characteristics that increase an organisms chances of living and reproducing will be less common.C.Inherited characteristics that increase an organisms chances of living and reproducing will remain the same.D.Inherited characteristics that decrease an organisms chances of living and reprod
44、ucing will be less common.BTEXT C/B“Winners“Winners have different potentials. Achievement is not the most important thing, authenticity is. The authentic person experiences the reality of himself by knowing himself, being himself, and becoming a credible, responsive person. He actualizes his own un
45、precedented uniqueness and appreciates the uniqueness of others.A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He can separate facts from opinion and doesnt pretend to have all the answers. He listens to others, evaluates what they say, but comes to his own conclusions.
46、While he can admire and respect other people, he is not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.A winner can be spontaneous. He does not have to respond in predetermined, rigid ways. He can change his plans when the situation calls for it. A winner has a zest for life. He enjoys work, pl
47、ay, food, other people, sex, and the world of nature. Without guilt, he enjoys his own accomplishments. Without envy he enjoys the accomplishments of others.Although a winner can freely enjoy himself, he can also postpone enjoyment. He can discipline himself in the present to enhance his enjoyment i
48、n the future. He is not afraid to go after what he wants but does so in appropriate ways. He does not get his security by controlling others. He does not set himself up to lose.A winner cares about the world and its peoples. He is not isolated from the general problems of society. He is concerned, compassionate, and committed to improving the quality of life. Even in the face of national and international adversity, he does not see himself as totally powerless. He does what he can to make the world a better place. “Losers“Although people are born to win, they
