1、专业八级-182 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING even the Japanese 5 now take three weeks. Americans still make with just two. 6 Germany responds to this contrast with its usual concern about whether people“s aversion to work is damaging its competition. Yet German workers, the Japanese, seem to
2、7 be acting sensibly: as their incomes rise, they can achieve a better standard of living with fewer hours of work. The puzzle is why America, the world“s richest country, sees things differently. It is a puzzle with sinister social clues. 8 Parents spend less time with their children, who may be le
3、ft alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenile crime is in the rise? Some explanations for America“s 9 time at work fail to stand up for scrutiny. Some blame weak 10 trade unions that leave workers open to exploitation, others suggest Americans actually want to work longer hours
4、.（分数：25.00）Then, why do Americans want to work harder? One reason may be that the real earnings of many Americans have been stagnant or falling during the past two decades. People work longer merely maintaining their living standards. Yet 11 many higher-skilled workers, who have enjoyed big increase
5、s in their real pay, have been working harder still. Also, 12 one reason for the slow growth of wages has been the rapid growth in employmentwhat is more or less where the 13 argument began. Taxes may have something to do with it. People who work an extra hour in America are allowed to keep more of
6、their money than those who do the same in Germany. Fails in marginal tax rates in America since the 1970s have made it all the less profitable to work longer. 14 None of these answers really explains why the century-long decline in working hours has gone into converse in 15 America but not elsewhere
7、 (though Britain shows signs of following America“s lead). Perhaps cultural differencesthe last refuge of the defeated economistare at play. Economists used to believe that once workers earned enough to provide their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries, 16 their incentive to work would be erode
8、d, like lions relaxing after a kill. But humans are more susceptible to advertise 17 than lions. Perhaps clever marketing has ensured that “basic needs“for a shower with built-in TV, for a rocket-projected 18 carexpand continuously. Shopping is already one of America“s most popular pastimes. But it
9、requires moneyso more work and less leisure. 19 Or try this: the television is not very good, and baseball and hockey keep being wiped out by strikes. Perhaps Wilde was right. Maybe Americans have something better to do. 20 （分数：25.00）Massive changes in all of the world“s deeply cherished sporting ha
10、bits are underway. Whether it“s one of London“s parks full of people playing softball, or Russians taking 21 rugby, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture. That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much lo
11、ved by the French is a good case of point. Just a few 22 years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part in. But 23 in recent years it was dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matt
12、ers welcome the shift toward 24 globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multinational corporations that want worldwide return for the 25 millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of goods to see this unofficial world championship 26 become just that. It is undoubted
13、ly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, but made happen because of marketing 27 considerations. Sell the game you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser 28 as well. The skilful way which American football has been sold 29 to Europe is a good e
14、xample of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major money-made events. 30 （分数：25.00）There exists a social and cultural disconnection between journalists and their readers, which help
15、s explain why the “standard templates“ of the newsroom seem alien for many 31 readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-sized cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned on random and asked the s
16、ame questions. 32 Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they“re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put roots in a community. 33 Reporters tend to be part of broa
17、dly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect conventional 34 values. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn“t rooted in inaccurate or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash 35 of world views between reporters and their readers. This is an explosive situation
18、for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubling business that keeps 36 hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wonder why customers are annoyed and 37 fleeing in large numbers. But it
19、never seems to get around to notice the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers 38 are complaining about. If it does, it would open up its 39 diversity program, now focusing broadly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, 40 education and class.
20、（分数：25.00）专业八级-182 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING even the Japanese 5 now take three weeks. Americans still make with just two. 6 Germany responds to this contrast with its usual concern about whether people“s aversion to work is damaging its competition. Yet German workers, the Japanese,
21、 seem to 7 be acting sensibly: as their incomes rise, they can achieve a better standard of living with fewer hours of work. The puzzle is why America, the world“s richest country, sees things differently. It is a puzzle with sinister social clues. 8 Parents spend less time with their children, who
22、may be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenile crime is in the rise? Some explanations for America“s 9 time at work fail to stand up for scrutiny. Some blame weak 10 trade unions that leave workers open to exploitation, others suggest Americans actually want to work lon
23、ger hours.（分数：25.00）解析：any/解析 “now”并不属于过去的任何时间，不能将其从“any other time in the past half century”中排除出去，所以不能使用“any”。解析：raisedrisen解析 动词“raise”为及物动词，只能选用不及物动词“rise”的过去分词“risen”来代替。解析：boastof/about解析 “boast”做及物动词往往表示“某地或某国以拥有某物为荣”，在此处最好加入“of/about”表示“吹嘘”之意。解析：continuecontinues解析 本句的主语为“working time”，所以谓语动词
24、必须与该主语一致。解析：weekweeks“解析 如果“six week”作前置修饰语，则需要用连字符“-”联结起来，且“week”用单数形式。但此处的结构不同，所以必须把“week”变为复数，并加“”修饰后面的名词词组“paid annual holiday”。解析：makedo解析 “make do with”表示“凑合，勉强为之”。解析：competitioncompetitiveness解析 破坏的不是“竞争”，而是“竞争力”，所以应该把“competition”改为“competitiveness”。解析：cluesimplications解析 “clues”为探究一件事所需要跟踪的
25、“线索”，为“因”而不是“果”，而此处暗示的是“果”，因为下文提到了各种不良后果，所以应改为意思相近的“implications”。解析：inon解析 “on the rise”表示“上升，处于上升通道”，没有“in the rise”一词。解析：forto解析 “stand up for”表示“捍卫，保护”，而此处的意思应为“经得起(质疑)”，所以应改为“stand up to”。Then, why do Americans want to work harder? One reason may be that the real earnings of many Americans have
26、 been stagnant or falling during the past two decades. People work longer merely maintaining their living standards. Yet 11 many higher-skilled workers, who have enjoyed big increases in their real pay, have been working harder still. Also, 12 one reason for the slow growth of wages has been the rap
27、id growth in employmentwhat is more or less where the 13 argument began. Taxes may have something to do with it. People who work an extra hour in America are allowed to keep more of their money than those who do the same in Germany. Fails in marginal tax rates in America since the 1970s have made it
28、 all the less profitable to work longer. 14 None of these answers really explains why the century-long decline in working hours has gone into converse in 15 America but not elsewhere (though Britain shows signs of following America“s lead). Perhaps cultural differencesthe last refuge of the defeated
29、 economistare at play. Economists used to believe that once workers earned enough to provide their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries, 16 their incentive to work would be eroded, like lions relaxing after a kill. But humans are more susceptible to advertise 17 than lions. Perhaps clever market
30、ing has ensured that “basic needs“for a shower with built-in TV, for a rocket-projected 18 carexpand continuously. Shopping is already one of America“s most popular pastimes. But it requires moneyso more work and less leisure. 19 Or try this: the television is not very good, and baseball and hockey
31、keep being wiped out by strikes. Perhaps Wilde was right. Maybe Americans have something better to do. 20 （分数：25.00）解析：maintainingto maintain解析 现在分词“maintaining”表示伴随或结果，而不定式“to maintain”则表目的；此处应理解为工作的目的。解析：stilltoo解析 在此处“still”意思模糊，到底是“依旧”还是“更加”，如果是后者则一般需放在所修饰词的前面，所以最好把“still”换成“too”。解析：whatwhich解析
32、此处“what”引导的应为非限定性定语从句，而“what”并不能担当此任，应改为“which”。解析：lessmore解析 此处应把“less”改为“more”，否则语义不通。这句话的意思是“自 20世纪70年代以来，边际税收的下降使工作的时间越长，得到的收益越多”。解析：conversereverse解析 “converse”表示“反面，相反”，而此处的真正含义为“调头朝相反方向运动”，所以应改为“reverse”。解析：providefor解析 “provide”表示“提供”，而“provide for”表示“供养，提供生计”，所以应选择后者。解析：advertiseadvertising
33、解析 “susceptible to”中的“to”为介词，不是不定式符号，所以应改为“advertising”。解析：projectedpropelled解析 “project”表示“投掷，发射”，而“propel”表示“推进”。解析：sohence解析 “so”表示“所以”时不能做副词只能做连词，所以只能换成表示“所以”的副词“hence”。解析：somethingnothing解析 从上下文来看，此处的意思是“美国人除了工作外便没有什么更好的事情可做”，所以选用“nothing”代替“something”。Massive changes in all of the world“s deep
34、ly cherished sporting habits are underway. Whether it“s one of London“s parks full of people playing softball, or Russians taking 21 rugby, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture. That annual bicycle race, the
35、 Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case of point. Just a few 22 years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part in. But 23 in recent years it was dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. Th
36、e people who really matters welcome the shift toward 24 globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multinational corporations that want worldwide return for the 25 millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of goods to see this unofficial world championship 26 become ju
37、st that. It is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, but made happen because of marketing 27 considerations. Sell the game you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser 28 as well. The skilful way which American football has been sold
38、29 to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major money-made events. 30 （分数：25.00）解析：takingup解析 “take”一词表示“接受，收取”，在本句中意思不够明确，最好改为“take up”表示“培养(一个新的爱好)”。解析：
39、ofin解析 这句话的意思是“环法自行车大赛就是一个很好的例子”，此处只能将“of point”改为“in point”表达此意。解析：(part)in/解析 “taking part in”显然缺少一个词作“宾语”，所以不如直接去掉“in”。解析：mattersmatter解析 此处“matter”的是“people”，所以应与之一致。解析：returnreturns解析 “return”一词作“回报，收益”解时往往用复数形式“returns”。解析：goodsgood解析 “good”表示“好处”时为不可数名词；这一点与“goods”表示“货物”时不同。后者无论单复数都为“goods”。解
40、析：happento解析 “make”在被动语态中后接不定式时不能省略“to”。解析：youand解析 由“Sell”开头的句子由两个并列的简单句组成，且当中没有任何连接词，不符合语法习惯。应在两者当中加入“and”，相当于：“If you sell the game, you can sell Coca Cola.”解析：whichin解析 “which”引导的从句先行词为“way”，所以应在“which”前加入“in”。解析：money-mademoney-making解析 “events”和“make money”的关系为主动，所以应改“made”为“making”。There exis
41、ts a social and cultural disconnection between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates“ of the newsroom seem alien for many 31 readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-sized cities around the country, plus one large metr
42、opolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned on random and asked the same questions. 32 Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they“re less likely to go to chur
43、ch, do volunteer work, or put roots in a community. 33 Reporters tend to be part of broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect conventional 34 values. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn“t rooted in inaccurate or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clas
44、h 35 of world views between reporters and their readers. This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubling business that keeps 36 hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility projec
45、t dedicated to wonder why customers are annoyed and 37 fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to notice the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers 38 are complaining about. If it does, it would open up its 39 diversity program, now focusing broadly on race and gende
46、r, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, 40 education and class.（分数：25.00）解析：forto解析 “be alien to sb. ”表示“对某人来说很陌生；与某人不相干”。解析：onat解析 “at random”表示“随机地，随意地”。解析：rootsdown解析 “put roots”的说法不存在，应改为“put down roots”表示“扎根”。解析：broadlya解析 “elite”为集合名词表示“(一个社会的)优秀阶层”，所以尽管用单数却是表示复数含义。解析：
47、inaccurateinaccuracy解析 “skills”无法用“inaccurate”来形容，所以可以把“inaccurate”改为名词“inaccuracy”，表示“(报道的)有欠准确”。解析：troublingtroubled解析 本句中的“business”是指“麻烦缠身的行业”而非“给他人招致麻烦的行业”，所以应该使用“trouble”的过去分词表被动含义。解析：wonderwondering解析 “dedicated to”中的“to”为介词而非不定式“to”。解析：noticenoticing解析：doesdid解析 从“If”开头的句子来看，此句话所陈述的为与现实相反的假设，所以“if”引导的条件句应使用过去时。解析：broadlynarrowly解析 从上下文来理解，这里应该把“broadly”改为“narrowly”表示目前报纸选题的狭窄。
