1、专业八级-176 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING they are intensely important in interpersonal 11 communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby“s life, the stimuli that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The 12 eyes need not to be real: a mask with two dots will produce 13 a smi
2、le. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered 14 will not motivate a smile, or will the sight of only one eye 15 when the face is presented on profile. This attraction to eyes 16 opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-old were asked
3、 17 to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, and 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In 18 Japan, furthermore, where babies are carried on their mother“s 19 back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes like they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults 2
4、0 make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning.（分数：25.00）The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined; speakers make a contact with the eyes of their listener for about one 21 second, then glances away as they talk; in a few moments 22
5、they reestablish eye contact with the listener or ensure 23 the selves that their audience is still tentative, then shift 24 their gaze away once more. Listeners, furthermore, 25 keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allow themselves 26 to glance only briefly. It is important that they be look
6、ing at 27 the speaker at the precise moment the speaker reestablishes 28 eye contact; if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical 29 this eye maneuvering is to the maintenan
7、ce of conversational flow become evident when two speakers are wearing dark 30 glasses; there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.（分数：25.00）While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have each
8、reason to demand 31 significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take too much 32 of too many dangerous chemical. If food already contains 33 natural carcinogens, this does not make much sense to add 34 dozens of newly man-made ones. Though most people will 3
9、5 withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally find 36 in food and water, but at least a few individuals will 37 probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to narrow its regulatory standards, stiffen
10、 38 its inspection program and loosen its enforcement policies. 39 The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to fewer hazardous alternatives. Perhaps 40 most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly.（分数：25.00）专业八级-1
11、76 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING the windship by the steamship. 如果是不可数名词，则它可单独使用表类指，如：Electricity is a form of energy.解析：boundedbound解析 bind 和 bound两个动词极易混淆：bind 作动词表“镶边，装订”，它的过去式和过去分词为 bound，因此此处应为 bound。至于动词 bound则表示“跳跃，限制”，它的过去时和过去分词为 bounded。注意不要将两词混为一谈。解析：survivalsurviving解析 名词虽然可以做
12、前置修饰语修饰另一个名词，但在此处 survival只能表示书的用途、功能，因此语意不适合，应选用 survive的-ing 形式修饰 works表示“现存的，保留下来的”。解析：characteristicscharacteristic解析 本句的主语应该为 the wedge-shaped letters，因此此处应选用一个形容词和后面的 of结构共同修饰主语。characteristic 既可作名词又可作形容词，因此在这里应选它作形容词，意思是“典型的；特有的”。考生应对较复杂句子的结构了如指掌，知道每一部分充当什么结构用什么样的词性来完成。解析：A Aramaicthe解析 langu
13、age 作为可数名词必须与冠词合用或变成复数形式使用，因此这里应在 Aramaic language前加上定冠词 the特指某一具体的语言，又如：the English language，the Chinese language。解析：transcriptedtranscribed解析 名词 transcript意为“抄本、副本”，不能作动词。它由动词 transcribe(转录，抄写)演变而来，因此千万不能想当然以为英语里的词性变换很随意，最好先查查词典搞清一个词是否能充当很多词性，不要将不同词性的词混淆起来。解析：wordscharacters解析 word 一词的含义为“词”，而我们经常
14、说的“字，字符”往往用另一个词“character。”来表达，意为“A mark or symbol used in a writing system”，如：Chinese characters are in a sense like pictures to many foreigners.解析：everyeach解析 every 用来形容三者或三者以上的“每一个”，而一张纸只有两端，因此必须将 every改为 each这个既能表示两者又能表示两者以上的“每一个”的词。解析：itwhich解析 这句话如果用 it，则犯了 run-on sentence的毛病，即两个或两个以上的简单句在没有任何
15、连词连接的情况下并存于一个句子。这样的错误在中国学生中特别常见，也许是受到中文影响的缘故，因此这句话最好的改法是将 it变成 which，构成一个关系分句来修饰 the sheet；次之的改法是在 it前加上 and或词义类似的其他连词，当然这样的改法不免使句子显得有些臃肿拖沓。解析：第二个 andbut解析 这句话中的两个分句应是转折的关系，即前半句指明纸沙草的优点，后半句指出它的缺点，因此应选用表转折的连词如 but，而不能是用表顺接的连词 and。Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul“ is debatable; they are i
16、ntensely important in interpersonal 11 communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby“s life, the stimuli that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The 12 eyes need not to be real: a mask with two dots will produce 13 a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered 14 will
17、 not motivate a smile, or will the sight of only one eye 15 when the face is presented on profile. This attraction to eyes 16 opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-old were asked 17 to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths
18、, and 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In 18 Japan, furthermore, where babies are carried on their mother“s 19 back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes like they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults 20 make little use of the face either to encode or decode meani
19、ng.（分数：25.00）解析：theythat解析 分号后的分句应有它独立的主谓结构，正像它前面的结构一样。而后半句的谓语是 is，表语则为 a fact，主语似乎是缺失的，因此在 they前面加上 that就构成了主语从句作为这半句的主语。注意主语从句如果是一个陈述句通常要用 that来引导，如果是问句则用疑问词来引导。解析：stimulistimulus解析 stimuli 看似单数实则是 stimulus的复数形式，因此应该为stimulus。注意在英语中有些看似单数的名词形式实际上是复数，而看似复数的实际上是单数，如：alumni是 alumnus的复数形式，curricula 是
20、curriculum的复数形式。解析：to/解析 need 这个动词很特别，它兼一般实义动词和情态动词两个角色，这一点与另一个动词 dare相同。need 作情态动词时，它的否定形式是直接在 need后加 not，而它作实义动词时则不可；另外 need作情态动词时后面直接接另一个动词，不做任何变化，而它作实义动词时则要么接不定式结构要么接-ing 结构。从原句来看 need在这里作情态动词，因此将 to删去。解析：ornor解析 从原句看，两个分句的关系应是并列的，如果前者是否定则后者也应是否定。另外后半句的句式是倒装形式，如果用连词 or的话句子是不用倒装的，只有用它的否定形式 nor才需要
21、用倒装。综上所述，原句中的 or应改为 nor。解析：onin解析 profile 前应使用介词 in而不是 on，表示“侧面，从侧面”，如：The painting shows her in profile.解析：opposedas解析 opposed 前应使用连词 as引导比较分句。解析：oldolds解析 用连字符连起的数个单词除了可以做一个名词的前置修饰语如 a who-cares facial expression外，还可作名词，如：forget-me-not(勿忘我(一种植物的名称)，a four-year-old(一个四岁的孩子)。如果这样的结构作名词，它的复数形式一般可在第一个
22、词或最后一个词后面加复数形式，如：men-of-war，runners-up，touch-me-nots，close-ups，原句中的 four-year-old的复数是在 old后加 s。解析：andbut解析 从两个分句的关系上来看应是对比或转折的关系，不应用表顺接的连词 and，而应使用 but。解析：furthermorehowever解析 上一句话指明在美国文化中眼睛的重要性，而这一句话似乎指出日本文化中眼睛并不具有同样的重要性，因此两句话的关系应是转折而不是递进，不应选择 furthermore，而应选择表转折的连词诸如 however，nevertheless 等。解析：like
23、as解析 从原句来看，这里有一个 as.as比较结构，因此应将 like换成 as。其实 as和like的最大区别是 like表“像”时只能做一个介词，后面跟名词词组或代词，而 as是连词时则可引导一个分句。The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined; speakers make a contact with the eyes of their listener for about one 21 second, then glances away as th
24、ey talk; in a few moments 22 they reestablish eye contact with the listener or ensure 23 the selves that their audience is still tentative, then shift 24 their gaze away once more. Listeners, furthermore, 25 keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allow themselves 26 to glance only briefly. It i
25、s important that they be looking at 27 the speaker at the precise moment the speaker reestablishes 28 eye contact; if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical 29 this eye ma
26、neuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow become evident when two speakers are wearing dark 30 glasses; there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.（分数：25.00）解析：a/解析 to make contact with 是一个短语，意为“接触、联系”，在 contact前不加任何冠词，如：Ho
27、w did you make contact with the terrorists?其他类似短语还有 lose contact with，如：Mother and son lost contact when Nicholas was in his early twenties.解析：glancesglance解析 这里犯了主谓不一致的错误：主语 speakers为复数，而主动词却用单数第三人称形式 glances。因此应将 glances改为 glance。对于较长、较复杂的句子，一定要善于找出它的主干即主谓宾来。解析：ensurereassure解析 这里用 ensure犯了近义词混淆的错
28、误：ensure 和 assure都有“保证，使放心”的意思，但 ensure后面不接人，而是 ensure sth. 或 ensure that，如：to ensure the supremacy of the National Party, ensure that it is written into your contract。assure 后面往往接人，常接 assure sb. that/of这样的结构，如：He hastened to assure me that there was nothing traumatic to report. They argued that Mr.
29、 Mandela must assure himself of broad-based black support. 这里从意思上来看还应将 assure变为 reassure，因为说话人是“再次确认听者在注意听”，与前面的 reestablish相呼应。解析：tentativeattentive解析 tentative 的意思是“试验性的，试探的，尝试的”，这里将tentative与 attentive混淆起来，attentive 意为“注意的，专心的，留意的”，应用在此处。英语里有很多动词派生出不止一个形容词来，它们的意思有的截然不同，一定不能望词生义，应勤查字典，做到字字准确。解析：fu
30、rthermoremeanwhile解析 furthermore 表示递进的关系，而在这句话里没有这个意味，这句话陈述的是另一方面的情况，即听者是如何反应的，所以用 meanwhile这样的表同时、并列的连词较好。解析：allowallowing解析 这句话里两个分句的主动词 keep和 allow的关系很重要，如果两个动词的关系是并列的，则两个分句之间一定要有连词连接起来，而本句话却没有。另一方面，这里如果将一个分句作为主句会突出重点，似乎更好些，所以可将 allow变成-ing 形式，引导分句补充主句的意思。解析：glanceaway解析 glance 一词的意思为“扫视，匆匆一瞥”，而这
31、句话的意思是“视线会短暂地移向别处”，因此这里少了 away一词，表“移开，离去”。解析：momentwhen解析 这里 moment有 precise来强调，那么它后接的关系分句最好不要省略when。解析：willeither解析 由于 that从句后有两个 will的结构，而且后一个由 or来引导，为了达到平衡最好用 either来引导第一个 will结构。另外 disinterested除了可以表示“无私的，不偏不倚的”之外，还有“失去兴趣，不感兴趣的”的意思，因此这里可以使用 disinterested。解析：becomebecomes解析 这句话的主语是由一个从句担当的，因此谓语动词
32、应用单数形式becomes，不能用复数。While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have each reason to demand 31 significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take too much 32 of too many dangerous chemical. If food already contains 33 na
33、tural carcinogens, this does not make much sense to add 34 dozens of newly man-made ones. Though most people will 35 withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally find 36 in food and water, but at least a few individuals will 37 probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.
34、 To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to narrow its regulatory standards, stiffen 38 its inspection program and loosen its enforcement policies. 39 The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to fewer hazardous alternatives. Perhaps 40 most
35、important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly.（分数：25.00）解析：eachevery解析 every 可用在一些诸如“sign，effort，reason，intention”这样的名词前起强调作用，而 each却不可，如：The Chinese Foreign Ministry is making every effort to secure a peaceful settlement. I think there is every c
36、hance that you will succeed.解析：takein解析 take 后面应加 in表示“摄取，摄入(养分，营养)”，而 take单独使用则表示“吃、喝”，如：Take a little soup before having the main course. 因此在这里最好用 take in。解析：chemicalchemicals解析 chemical 一词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词。当它表示不同种类的化学品时可用复数形式。这里离 chemical最近的限定词是 too many，用于可数名词，因此chemical因改为 chemicals。至于 too much
37、of电可认为它后接的是物质名词，只不过这个物质名词用的是复数形式表不同种类的物质。解析：thisit解析 this 应换成 it，因为在这句话里代词应充当形式主语的角色代替后面的不定式结构 to add dozens of newly man-made ones，只有 it可充当形式主语，this 不能。解析：newlynew解析 副词 newly表示“新近，最新”，它可形容一个形容词或副词，如：a newly-married couple, a room newly decorated。但在这里 newly和 man-made应同时修饰名词 ones，表示“新的人工致癌物质”，因此只能将 n
38、ewly换成 new，形容代词 ones。解析：findfound解析 find 在这里应变为它的-ed 分词形式 found作 contaminants的后置修饰语，动词原形本身无法做到这一点。解析：but/解析 though 或 although不能与 but连用，这一点是中英文的差异之一，须变习惯成自然。解析：narrowtighten解析 原句的意思应是“政府应加强管理，实行更严格的管理标准”，那么这里narrow从搭配上来看是不合适的，应换成 tighten，表“加强”，如：The government plans to tighten the economic sanctions
39、along the border. Take-off and landing procedures have been tightened after two jets narrowly escaped disaster.解析：loosenstrengthen解析 loosen 从字义上来看显然是错的，这里的意思是“(政府)应加强对政策的实施”，因此应选用 strengthen。解析：fewerless解析 此处如果用 fewer，表示的意思为“更少的有害替代品”，这显然是讲不通的，应将 fewer变为 less修饰 hazardous，意为“危害性更小的替代品”。要搞清限定词或副词究竟修饰哪一个词。
