1、专业八级-175 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING however, the food itself never contacts with 5 a radioactive matter. Also the ionizing radiation used by 6 irradiators is not strong enough to disintegrate the nucleus of even one atom of a food molecule. Irradiation does produce chemical changes i
2、n foods. They have been scrutinized by scientists in making safe 7 assessments of irradiated foods. Any kind of treatments causes 8 chemical changes in food. For instance, heat treatment, or cooking, produces chemicals that could be called “thermo-lytic products.“ Scientists find the changes in food
3、 created by irradiation minor to that created by cooking. The products 9 created by cooking are so significant that consumers can smell and taste them, whereas only a chemist with extremely sensible lab equipment may be able to detect radio 10 lytic products.（分数：25.00）DDT, the most powerful pesticid
4、e the world had ever known, exposed nature“s vulnerability. Unlike most pesticides, which effectiveness is limited to 11 destroy one or two types of insects, DDT was capable 12 of killing hundreds of different kinds at once. Developed in 1939, it first distinguished itself during World War II, clean
5、ing South Pacific islands of 13 malaria-caused insects for U.S. troops, while in 14 Europe being used as an effective de-lousing powder. Its inventor was awarded by the Nobel Prize. 15 When DDT became available for civilian use in 1945, there were only a few people who expressed the second 16 though
6、ts about this new miracle compound. One was nature writer Edwin Way Teale, who warned, “A spray as discriminate 17 as DDT can upset the economy of nature as much as a revolution upsets social economy. Ninety percent of all insects are good, but if they are killed, things go out of kilter 18 right aw
7、ay.“ Another was Rachel Carson, who wrote to the Reader“s Digest to propose an article about series of tests 19 on DDT being conducted not far from which she lived in 20 Maryland. The magazine rejected the idea.（分数：25.00）To be called beautiful is thought to name something essential to women“s charac
8、ter and concerns. (In contrast by 21 menwhose essence is to be strong, or effective, or competent.) It does not need someone in the throes of feminist 22 awareness to perceive that the way women are taught to be involved in beauty encourages narcissism, reinforces 23 independence and immaturity. Eve
9、rybody knows that. For it 24 is “everybody“, a whole society, which has identified being 25 feminine with caring about how one looks. Giving these 26 stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation. It is not, of course, the desire to be beautiful is wrong 27 but
10、the obligation to be. Women are taught to see their bodies in parts, and to assess each part separately. Breasts, feet, 28 hips, waistline, neck, eyes, nose, complexion, hair, and so oneach by turn is submitted to an anxious scrutiny. Even 29 if some pass the scrutiny, some will always be found want
11、ed. 30 Nothing less than perfection will do.（分数：25.00）In the United States there are, strict speaking, no national 31 holiday, for each state must, through legislative enactment 32 or executive proclamation, appoint the day which each holiday 33 is celebrated. Congress and the president may establis
12、h legal holidays for the District of Columbia and for federal employees throughout the states and territories; and by long custom, days that receive nationwide observation, such as Christmas, 34 Thanksgiving, Labor Day, Independent Day, and New 35 Year“s Day, are uniformly set apart by all states as
13、 legal, or 36 public, holidays. In 1968 federal legislation established Columbus Day as a legal holiday for the District of Columbia and for the federal government beginning at 1971. The law 37 also provided begun in 1971 federal employees would be 38 granted three-days weekends by observing Washing
14、ton“s 39 Birthday on the third Monday in February, Memorial Day on the last Monday in May, Columbus Day on the second Monday in October, and Veteran Day on the fourth Monday in October. By 1971 most of the states also adopted the new 40 dates.（分数：25.00）专业八级-175 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADD
15、ING however, the food itself never contacts with 5 a radioactive matter. Also the ionizing radiation used by 6 irradiators is not strong enough to disintegrate the nucleus of even one atom of a food molecule. Irradiation does produce chemical changes in foods. They have been scrutinized by scientist
16、s in making safe 7 assessments of irradiated foods. Any kind of treatments causes 8 chemical changes in food. For instance, heat treatment, or cooking, produces chemicals that could be called “thermo-lytic products.“ Scientists find the changes in food created by irradiation minor to that created by
17、 cooking. The products 9 created by cooking are so significant that consumers can smell and taste them, whereas only a chemist with extremely sensible lab equipment may be able to detect radio 10 lytic products.（分数：25.00）解析：bacteriumbacteria解析 bacterium 是单数形式，它的复数形式是 bacteria。和它并列的名词insects和 fungi都是
18、复数，所以应该用 bacteria。解析：makeit解析 此题的关键在于看出 make后面不可能直接跟形容词，应该首先跟一个名词词组或代词作宾语，然后跟形容词作宾语补足语。此处 to keep food longer and in better condition in warehouses and homes是 make的实义宾语，所以在 make；之后应该有一个形式宾语 it。结构的完整性也是八级改错的一个考点。解析：nutritionalnutritious解析 nutritional 和 nutritious是一组应该辨析的同根词。前者的意思是“与营养有关的、影响营养的”，如：“Vi
19、tamin C is a nutritional substance.”后者的意思是“有营养的、富含营养的”，如：“It is important to choose enjoyable and nutritious foods for children. ”原句的意思是“经过辐射处理的食物是有益健康的、有营养的。”应该用nutritious。解析：withas解析 the same 应该和介词 as搭配，表示“与一致或相同”。解析：with/解析 contact 作动词时是及物动词，应该直接跟宾语，而考生往往受 contact作名词时用法的影响，如 be in contact with，而在
20、动词 contact之后也加上一个 with。再如，动词 emphasize后面不能跟介词 on。解析：mattersubstance解析 此题考查 substance和 matter。substance 的意思是“物质”，指一种有物理或化学性质的固体、液体或气体，是可数名词，是个体名词；matter 的意思是“事情、物质”，matter作为“物质”这个意思时，是一个不可数名词。原句的名词前有不定冠词 a修饰，应该用可数名词 substance。解析：safesafety解析 此题辨析的是同根的名词和形容词作另一个名词的修饰语的问题。同根名词和形容词有时都可以作修饰语，但是含义是不同的。如 s
21、afe和 safety都可以作名词的修饰语，但是含义不同。safe 作修饰语的意思是“安全的、不危险的”，如 a safe place；safety 作修饰语的意思是“关于安全性能的”。文中的意思是“关于安全性的评估”，应该用 safety作修饰语。类似的例子还有：blood type and by long custom, days that receive nationwide observation, such as Christmas, 34 Thanksgiving, Labor Day, Independent Day, and New 35 Year“s Day, are uni
22、formly set apart by all states as legal, or 36 public, holidays. In 1968 federal legislation established Columbus Day as a legal holiday for the District of Columbia and for the federal government beginning at 1971. The law 37 also provided begun in 1971 federal employees would be 38 granted three-d
23、ays weekends by observing Washington“s 39 Birthday on the third Monday in February, Memorial Day on the last Monday in May, Columbus Day on the second Monday in October, and Veteran Day on the fourth Monday in October. By 1971 most of the states also adopted the new 40 dates.（分数：25.00）解析：strictstric
24、tly解析 -ing 分词 speaking应由副词来修饰而不是形容词，要注意区分-ing 分词和-ing 形式的名词间的区别，如在“We have not done much shopping today. ”里，shopping 为名词，因此用限定词 much来修饰，而在原文的句子里 speaking则不是。其他类似的说法还有：generally speaking，frankly speaking。解析：holidayholidays解析 holiday 这里应该为 holidays，因为原句的谓语动词为复数 are，因此主语应该使用复数。另外 no后面既可用单数又可用复数，如：No co
25、okies are left. He is no child. 还有 holiday既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，当它表示法定假日时是可数名词，表度假时两者兼可，如：a public holiday; We thought we would go to France for our summer holiday. How many days“ holiday do you get with your new job?解析：whichon解析 which 前应加上介词 on，因为先行词 the day在关系从句中作状语，还原回去应为：each holiday is celebrated on
26、the day，所以须加 on。解析：observationobservance解析 observation 意思是“观察，观测”，而 observance则表示“遵守，庆祝”，因此应选用 observance。对于同一个动词派生出来的不同名词一定要加以区分。解析：IndependentIndependence解析 “独立日”的正确说法为“Independence Day”，而不是“Independent Day”。此处 independence并不修饰 day，表示“独立的一天”。解析：apartaside解析 set apart 指“使分离，使分开，留出时间，金钱”，语义不通，应该为 se
27、t aside表“留出，保留”，如：Some doctors advise setting aside a certain hour each day for worry.解析：atin解析 年份或月份前需用介词 in而不是 at。解析：begunbeginning解析 动词 begin和分句的主语 federal employees的关系应是主动的，因此应将 begun改为 beginning。解析：daysday解析 用连字符连接起来的表数量的名词前置修饰语如 a three-year-old girl，a million-pound banknote等，这里的名词尽管是复数概念但形式仍是单数，因此这里应该为 three-day weekends。解析：alsohad解析 如果一个句子里有 by引导的时间状语从句则动词一般用完成体，因此这里最好将 adopt换成 had adopted。
