1、专业八级-171 及答案解析(总分：93.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BAbout Wetlands in the U.S.A./BPeople enjoy a famous soup (SHE-CRAB SOUP) in North Carolina because the days of the regional soup may be getting fewer and fewer: “no wetlands, no seafood“.B. The current s
2、ituation of wetlands:/B1) California has lost U U 1 /U /Uof wetlands -91 percent, and the rate of loss of wetlands is an acre per minute.2) 21 other states have losted at least half of their U U 2 /U /U. B. The key value of wetlands:/B1) Each acre of wetland is worth U U 3 /U /Umore money than an ac
3、re of ocean in the benefits; 2) Wetlands act like sponges and U U 4 /U /Ulike our kidney: A. filtering out hazardous materials like dirt, chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers;B. serving as large U U 5 /U /Uareas. 3) More important than ocean U U 6 /U /Uin the diversity of species supported. B. The
4、possible measures to protect wetlands: /B1) Convince people to stop U U 7 /U /Uor doing business in former wetlands; 2) Encourage developers and businesses to stay in U U 8 /U /Ucities; 3) Get the government to stop developers from building in wetlands;4) Raise U U 9 /U /Uof this serious issue; 5) P
5、rotest the destruction of wetlands when we see it.B. The only solution:/BAn increase in U U 10 /U /Uin favor of protecting wetlands, which both the builders and the government will listen. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分
6、数：5.00）(1).The conversation is primarily concerned with _. A. the development of the rubber industry in Malaysia B. the impact of rubber industry on Malaysia C. the uneven distribution of wealth in Malaysia D. the current situation in Malaysia（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What percentage does rubber industry
7、 account for in the Gross National Product in Malaysia? A. 12%. B. 20%. C. 30%. D. 13%.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Malaysia is in a good position internationally because _. A. it produces a large amount of rubber oil every year B. it is rich in fossil resources C. it is rich in rubber resources D. it is a
8、wealthy country with a large population（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).How many people are involved with the production of rubber in Malaysia? A. 13 million. B. 7 million. C. 3 million. D. 30 million.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is NOT the problem a smallholder of rubber business has to face in
9、Malaysia? A. Financial problems. B. Boredom. C. Fatigue. D. Lack of insurance schemes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：6.00)（分数：2.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE of the people suffering from the accident? A. 15 evacuated, 2 seriously injured, 5 missing. B. 15 evacuated, 2 moderately in
10、jured, 5 missing. C. 50 evacuated, 2 moderately injured, none missing. D. 50 evacuated, 2 seriously injured, none missing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Rescuers have been denied access into the building for the following reasons EXCEPT A. the possibility of the building collapsing. B. the likely explosion fr
11、om the gas tank. C. the possible subsequent rockslides. D. the noise and trembling at the moment.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).Which statement is not true ? A. The girl was living with her mother. B. The landlady witnessed the crime. C. The girl and the suspect probably were dating. D. The girl was
12、found dead on the floor.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We can learn from the news that _. A. police provided detail in formations about the girl B. Tobago has a population of 1.2 million C. homicide increased in Tobago D. Tobago is generally a peaceful island（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).What do several airli
13、nes blame the European authorities for? A. They impose flight restrictions. B. Their decision has led to travel chaos. C. Their decision to ground flights is not based on solid grounds. D. Their computer system doesnt work well.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is true according to the news item? A. Ban on
14、flights has been lifted. B. Test flights of some airlines have been carried out successfully. C. Volcanic dust spreading from Iceland has settled. D. All flights are expected to be in service on Monday.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The wave of job cuts swe
15、eping through the utility sector gathered pace yesterday with 800 more redundancies planned by two electricity groups joining forces in order to meet regulators price demands and improve efficiency.Trade unions expressed anger that the announcement by two foreign-owned utilities, London Electricity
16、and Eastern Electricity, came during the period immediately before Christmas. They noted that it arrived on the back of nearly 1,300 other job losses in this sector since early October.Half of the 160,000jobs in the electricity sector have gone since privatization in 1988.More than 2,000 redundancie
17、s have also been announced recently by water companies, and more are expected from United Utilities as they, too, seek to meet tougher regulatory targets.Not everyone in the industry is convinced that the current spate of job cuts in the utility sector is justified.One leading industry executive, wh
18、o wanted to remain anonymous, said: “I am very concerned that companies are using the regulators price cut as an excuse for carrying out general cuts that they have wanted to do for some time. It is causing disquiet among utilities customers.“If regulatory approval is given London Electricitya unit
19、of Electricite de Franceand Eastern Electricity, controlled by American conglomerate Texas Utilities, will form a joint venture from April 1, 2000, which will run their respective electricity distribution businesses.The companies will continue to compete on the supply and billing side of their opera
20、tions but hope the new alliance will be able to win third party business, whether in electricity or other sectors such as gas.The 800 job losses mean a quarter of the jobs affected by the joint venture will be lost within 18 months, and that the remaining positions will be dependant on the general l
21、evel of business activity.The two companies plan to achieve cost savings through fewer workers, having a single information system, a smaller number of buildings and buying more in bulk.Phil Turbeville, chief executive of Texas Utilities TXS Europe subsidiary, said: “It is the responsible management
22、 response to the challenges of the tough price control while delivering further improvements in customer service.He added that customers would benefit because lower costs meant more money available for new investment, and denied that the decision could have been made at a better time or would have b
23、een different if it had not been a foreign owned group.“Whether we told staff just before Christmas or just after it would have been the same. There is no good time to make redundancies. As you can see from what Scottish-based utilities have been doing, this is nothing to do with Paris or Texas. It
24、is just prudent management,“ Mr. Turbeville said.（分数：4.00）(1).The phrase “gathered pace“ in the first paragraph most probably refers to_. A. speeded up B. slowed down C. continued D. ended （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From early October,about_people have lost their jobs in utility sector. A. 800 B. 160,000
25、C. 1300 D. 2100 （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When the author says that the remaining positions will be dependent on the general level of business activity, he implies that_. A. the remaining employers should undertake business activities B. the remaining employers will work hard for the company C. the remai
26、ning employers may lose their jobs in the future D. the remaining employers may get high wages （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Phil Turbeville held that_. A. the announcement time is appropriate B. the situation can be different without a foreign-owned group C. the situation can be different without regulator
27、price demand D. the management of the company should be further improved （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)It is over five hundred years since Columbus “discovered“ America. The celebration of the anniversary has at least produced one benefit. It has so effectively focused on the worldwide
28、problem of the rights of aboriginal peoples. Developments in America demonstrate: the problem more clearly than anywhere else. This was a whole continent, the population of which in Columbuss day may have numbered as many as 100 million. Today only a fraction of these Indian peoples survive, and any
29、 truly Indian culture can only be found isolated in small pockets. Why was the Indian culture less able than others to resist the European pressure? Any processes elsewhere resembling the one in America have only taken place in more marginal areas of the world. Such processes are complex, and this i
30、s not the place for a more detailed analysis. What is clear, however, is that at certain times and in certain places we are confronted by a different force from infectious diseases and mortality or the haphazard outcome of wars and rapacity, and that is the systemic “ethnic cleansing“ of the aborigi
31、nal population-better known as genocide. There is a most urgent need to define the rights of aboriginal peoples and to respect those rights in a manner which makes it possible to live in peace and mutual understanding. To succeed in this, we need people like Turn. For this Committee it was a happy c
32、oincidence that it was precisely in the year of Columbus that she emerged as such a strong candidate for this Prize.Tum chose to dedicate herself to political and social work for her people. She tells us in her autobiography what a difficult choice it was not to have a family. She was engaged, she t
33、ells us, and felt an obligation to the ancestral principle of seeking happiness not only for oneself but for ones family. A threat of ethnic cleansing of course lends extra weight to such an obligation. But she chose otherwise. She became an active member of the CUC. Then she participated in the fou
34、nding of the organisation called the Revolutionary Christians. “We understood“ revolutionary in the real meaning of the word: transformation. If I had chosen the armed struggle, I would be in the mountains now.“ Owing to her political activity, she has had to spend twelve years in exile in Mexico.In
35、 her book A Strategy for Peace, the Swedish-American moral philosopher Sissela Bok describes what she calls the “pathology of partisanship“, or the brutalizing effect of the use of violence. Whoever commits acts of violence will lose his humanity. Thus, violence breeds violence and hate breeds hate.
36、 She quotes the English poet Stephen Spender, who experienced this process in himself when he took part in the Spanish Civil War “It was clear to me that unless I cared about every murdered child impartially, I did not care about children being murdered at all.“ But how can one break out of the vici
37、ous circle of the pathology of partisanship? It is easy enough to keep out and call for non-violence or an end to hatred when one is not oneself confronted with the blind violence of the other side. Nor is it indeed our responsibility to judge or to condemn in such cases. What we can do, however, is
38、 to point to the shining individual examples of people who manage to preserve their humanity in brutal and violent surroundings, of persons who for that very reason compel our special respect and admiration. Such people give us a hope that there are ways out of the vicious circle.Tums autobiography
39、is an extraordinary human document. It describes cruelty in sober and matter-of-fact terms. Its driving force is moral indignation. In some connections, she also mentions her hatred of those responsible for the violence and repression. But at the same time, the account reflects a disarming humanity.
40、 Almost gaily, she notes funny little concrete details in an otherwise ruthless existence; with love, she describes Indian customs. I know no better example of her disarming attitude than her description here in Oslo last year of her meeting with Colonel Roderigues: “We greeted each other and exchan
41、ged a few words. The man who killed my mother congratulated me on my nomination for this Prize and called it a national honour. I realised then that at bottom we are all human beings. It was like meeting a distant acquaintance. I had a feeling of calm as I spoke to him.“It is stupid to meet the worl
42、d with too much trust, but even more stupid to meet it with too little. The goal of Tums work, as she has said on many occasions, is reconciliation and peace. She knows, better than most, that the foundations for future reconciliation are laid in the manner in which one conducts ones struggle. Even
43、in the most brutal situations, one must retain ones faith that there is a minimum of human feelings in all of us. Turn preserved that faith, it is with the deepest respect and in admiration of her efforts that the Committee today awards her the Prize.（分数：4.00）(1).The passage indicates that the major
44、 reason for the unusual decline of the Indian culture is_. A. its isolation from other cultures B. the influence of infectious diseases C. the result of avarice and cupidity D. the genocide of the Indian people（分数：0.80）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT tr
45、ue? A. Turn has never hated Colonel Roderigues. B. We have not well protected the rights of aboriginal peoples. C. Turn was engaged but did not get married. D. Stephen Spender understood the brutalizing effect of war.（分数：0.80）A.B.C.D.(3).The author thinks that one way to break out of the vicious cir
46、cle of the pathology of partisanship is to_. A. end hatred when one is not the victim of violence B. condemn blind instances of violence or brutality C. preserve ones humanity even in brutal situations D. meet the world with as much trust as possible（分数：0.80）A.B.C.D.(4).Turn is an advocate of all th
47、e following EXCEPT_. A. human rights B. armed struggle C. non-violence D. reconciliation（分数：0.80）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that Tum would view humanity as all the following EXCEPT_. A. having a hatred of only those who are responsible for violence B. having a disarming attitude towards those responsible for repression C. having the belief that at bottom every one of us is a human being D. having the faith that peaceful struggle will lead to reconciliation（分数：0.80）A.B.C.D.八、BTEXT C/B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)1 Between a
