1、专业八级-168 (1)及答案解析(总分：108.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)B Language Families/BThere are overU U 1 /U /Ulanguages that are used throughout the world today. Almost all of these languages belong to a much smaller number of language families. All of the languag
2、es within a language family are related and all of them have a similar history. Therefore, the grammar, vocabulary, sounds of related languages, the way of thinking and the style of talking among related languages areU U 2 /U /U.Even though there are so many languages used today, there are only abou
3、t 20 or 30 major language families. TheU U 3 /U /Ufamily. It includes most of the languages that are spoken throughout Europe, for exampleU U 4 /U /U. TheU U 5 /U /Ufamily. It includes most languages in the area of North Africa and the Middle East. The Bantu family. It includes most of the languages
4、 spoken in central and southernU U 6 /U /U. TheU U 7 /U /Ufamily. It includes all dialects of Chinese, the languages of southeast Asia. Of course, not all the languages of east Asia belong to this family, for example,U U 8 /U /U. The Polynesian family. The Polynesian languages areU U 9 /U /U. They a
5、re spoken on the islands around Indonesia, islands eastward all the way to Hawaii, islands west all the way to Madagascar, off the east coast of Africa. Example of Polynesian languages:U U 10 /U /U.These five language groups or language families are only a few of the major language families from aro
6、und the world. There are many more. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).What was Chinese paper made from in ancient times? A. Hardwood. B. Softwood. C. Roots of plants. D. Hair-like parts of certain plants.（分数：1.00
7、）A.B.C.D.(2).In ancient Egypt, paper was made from the _ of tall aquatic plants. A. roots B. stems C. leaves D. flowers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Today, which country has the biggest paper industry in the world? A. Canada. B. Norway. C. Finland. D. the United States.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Some people wear p
8、aper clothes and shoes because they are _. A. cheap B. fashionable C. recyclable D. cold-proof（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following cannot be made in paper for the present time? A. Cars. B. Houses. C. Raincoats. D. Boats.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：4.00)（分数：2.00）(1).The Palestinia
9、n militant group Hamas announced its threat to restart attacks on Israel _. A. on newspaper B. on TV C. through Internet D. by radio（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Hamas has threatened to restart attacks on Israel because _? A. it took power in parliamentary elections in January B. it has felt compelled to rea
10、ct to what it regards as a massacre of innocent Palestinian civilians C. it has killed hundreds of Israelis in suicide bombings and other attacks in past years. D. it has been under pressure enforced by the international community.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).How many people recognized the man in t
11、he pictures within 2 days? A. 24. B. 3. C. 640. D. 48.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which one is NOT included in the clue that helped the police identify the man? A. His picture. B. His apartment number. C. His pseudonym. D. His vita.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)S
12、uddenly Lady Windermere looked eagerly round the room, and said, in her clear contralto voice, “Where is my chiromantist?“Your what, Gladys?“ exclaimed the Duchess, trying to remember what a chiromantist really was, and hoping it was not the same as a chiropodist.“My chiromantist, Duchess: I cant li
13、ve without him at present. I must certainly introduce him to you.“Introduce him!“ cried the Duchess. “You dont mean to say he is here?“ She began looking about for a small tortoiseshell fan and a very tattered lace shawl so as to be ready to go at a moments notice.“Of course he is here: I would not
14、dream of giving a party without him. He tells me I have a pure psychic hand.“Oh, I see!“ said the Duchess, feeling very much relieved. “He tells fortunes, I suppose?“And misfortunes, too,“ answered Lady Windermere. “Any amount of them. Next year, for instance, I am in great danger, both by land and
15、sea, so I am going to live in a balloon, and draw up my dinner in a basket every evening. It is all written down on my little finger, or on the palm of my hand. I forgot which.“ “But surely that is tempting Providence, Gladys.“ “My dear Duchess, surely Providence can resist temptation by this time.
16、Everyone should have their hands told once a month, so as to know what not to do. Of course, one does it all the same, but it is so pleasant to be warned. Ah, here is Mr. Podgers! Now, Mr. Podgers, I want you to tell the Duchess of Paisleys hand.“Dear Gladys, I really dont think it is quite right,“
17、said the Duchess, feebly unbuttoning a rather soiled kid glove.“Nothing interesting ever is,“ said Lady Windmere. “But I must introduce you. Duchess, this is Mr. Podgers, my pet chiromantist. Mr. Podgers, this is the Duchess of Paisley, and if you say that she has a larger mountain of the moon than
18、I have, I will never believe you again.“I am sure, Gladys, there is nothing of the kind in my hand,“ said the Duchess gravely.“Your grace is quite right,“ said Mr. Podgers, glancing at the little fat hand.“The mountain of the moon is not developed. The line of life, however, is excellent. You will l
19、ive to a great age, Duchess, and be extremely happy. Ambition - very moderate, line of intellect not exaggerated, line of heart.“Now, do be indiscreet, Mr. Podgers,“ cried Lady Windermere.“Nothing would give me greater pleasure,“ said Mr. Podgers, bowing, “if the Duchess ever had been, but I am, sor
20、ry to say that I see great permanence of affection, combined with a strong sense of duty.“Pray go on, Mr. Podgers,“ said the Duchess, looking quite pleased.“Economy is not the least of your Graces virtues,“ continued Mr. Podgers, and lady Windermere went off into fits of laughter.“Economy is a very
21、good thing,“ remarked the Duchess complacently. “When I married Paisley he had eleven castles, and not a single house fit to live in.“And now he has twelve houses, and not a single castle,“ cried Lady Windmere. “You have told the Duchesss character admirably, Mr. Podgers, and now you must tell Lady
22、Floras.“ In answer to a nod, a tall gift stepped awkwardly from behind the sofa and held out a long, bony hand.“Ah, a pianist!“ said Mr. Podgers. “Very reserved, very honest, and with a great love of animals.“Quite true!“ exclaimed the Duchess, turning to Lady Windermere. “Flora keeps two dozen coll
23、ie dogs at Macloskie, and would turn our town house into a menagerie if her father would let her.“Well, that is just what I do with my house every Thursday evening,“ cried Lady Windermere, laughing. “Only I like lions better than collie dogs. But Mr. Podgers must read some more hands for us. Come, L
24、ady Marvel, show him yours.“But Lady Marvel entirely declined to have her past or her future exposed. In fact, many people seemed afraid to face the odd little man with his stereotyped smile and his bright, beady eyes; and when he told poor Lady Fermor right out before everyone that she did not care
25、 a bit for music, but was extremely fond of musicians, it was generally felt that chiromancy was a most dangerous science, and one ought not to be encouraged, except in private.（分数：6.00）(1).The Duchess wants to “be ready to go at a moments notice“ (Paragraph 4 ) because she _. A. is sick of Lady Win
26、dermere B. is afraid of chiropodists C. does not want to meet Mr. Podgers D. considers having her fortune told as tempting Providence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why does the passage suggest that the Duchess wears a tattered shawl and soiled gloves? A. To show that she doesnt have enough money to buy nicer
27、ones. B. To show that she doesnt care about appearance. C. To show that she has weird preferences. D. To show that she is very provident.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does Lady Windermeres plan to live in a balloon indicate? A. Her subjective attitude toward fortune telling. B. Her desire to impress the
28、 Duchess. C. Her inability to separate reality from fantasy. D. Her respect for the accuracy of Mr. Podgers fortune-telling.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following best describes Mr. Podgers personality? A. Tactful. B. Humble. C. Imaginative. D. Humorous.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The Duchess looks “q
29、uite pleased“ because _. A. Mr. Podgers has suggested her chance of becoming better-off in the near future B. Mr. Podgers has described her characteristics in a positive way C. she can live a long life according to fortune telling D. her future is brighter than Lady Windermeres（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).W
30、hich of the following CANNOT Mr. Podgers do? A. Tell peoples fortunes. B. Expose peoples future. C. Describe peoples character traits. D. Unravel peoples unspoken plans.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Long-married couples often schedule a weekly “date night“a regular evening out with frie
31、nds or at a favorite restaurant to strengthen their marital bond.But brain and behavior researchers say many couples are going about date night all wrong. Simply spending quality time together is probably not enough to prevent a relationship from getting stale.Using laboratory studies, real-world ex
32、periments and even brain-scan data, scientists can now offer long-married couples a simple prescription for rekindling the romantic love that brought them together in the first place. The solution? Reinventing date night.Rather than visiting the same familiar haunts and dining with the same old frie
33、nds, couples need to tailor their date nights around new and different activities that they both enjoy, says Arthur Aron, a professor of social psychology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. The goal is to find ways to keep injecting novelty into the relationship. The activity can be
34、 as simple as trying a new restaurant or something a little more unusual or thrillinglike taking an art class or going to an amusement park.The theory is based on brain science. New experiences activate the brains reward system, flooding it with dopamine and norepinephrine. These are the same brain
35、circuits that are ignited in early romantic love, a time of exhilaration and obsessive thoughts about a new partner. (They are also the brain chemicals involved in drug addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder.)Most studies of love and marriage show that the decline of romantic love over time is
36、inevitable. The butterflies of early romance quickly flutter away and are replaced by familiar, predictable feelings of long-term attachment.But several experiments show that noveltysimply doing new things together as a couplemay help bring the butterflies back, recreating the chemical surges of ear
37、ly courtship.Over the past several years, Dr. Aron and his colleagues have tested the novelty theory in a series of experiments with long-married couples.In one of the earliest studies, the researchers recruited 53 middle-aged couples. Using standard questionnaires, the researchers measured the coup
38、les relationship quality and then randomly assigned them to one of three groups.One group was instructed to spend 90 minutes a week doing pleasant and familiar activities, like dining out or going to a movie. Couples in another group were instructed to spend 90 minutes a week on “exciting“ activitie
39、s that appealed to both husband and wife. Those couples did things they didnt typically doattending concerts or plays, skiing, hiking and dancing. The third group was not assigned any particular activity.After 10 weeks, the couples again took tests to gauge the quality of their relationships. Those
40、who had undertaken the “exciting“ date nights showed a significantly greater increase in marital satisfaction than the “pleasant“ date night group.While the results were compelling, they werent conclusive. The experiment didnt occur in a controlled setting, and numerous variables could have affected
41、 the final results.More recently, Dr. Aron and colleagues have created laboratory experiments to test the effects of novelty on marriage. In one set of experiments, some couples are assigned a mundane task that involves simply walking back and forth across a room. Other couples, however, take part i
42、n a more challenging exercisetheir wrists and ankles are bound together as they crawl back and forth pushing a ball.Before and after the exercise, the couples were asked things like, “How bored are you with your current relationship?“ The couples who took part in the more challenging and novel activ
43、ity showed bigger increases in love and satisfaction scores, while couples performing the mundane task showed no meaningful changes.Dr. Aron cautions that novelty alone is probably not enough to save a marriage in crisis. But for couples who have a reasonably good but slightly dull relationship, nov
44、elty may help reignite old sparks.And recent brain-scan studies show that romantic love really can last years into a marriage. Last week, at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology conference in Albuquerque, researchers presented brain-scan data on several men and women who had been marrie
45、d for 10 or more years. Interviews and questionnaires suggested they were still intensely in love with their partners. Brain scans confirmed it, showing increased brain activity associated with romantic love when the subjects saw pictures of their spouses.Its not clear why some couples are able to m
46、aintain romantic intensity even after years together. But the scientists believe regular injections of novelty and excitement most likely play a role.（分数：5.00）(1).Acconding to the passage, which is the right way for long-married couples to have a date night? A. To find their friends to chat in a caf
47、e. B. To have a walk and talk about their future plans. C. To take a training class together. D. To go to see a movie they, both enjoy.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The application of the novelty theory is NOT affected by A. brains reward system. B. brain chemicals. C. a couples present relationship. D. the means of experiments.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “mundane“ in Paragraph 12 means A. original. B. ordinary. C. imaginative. D. novel.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In Dr. Arons early experiment, A. he gave a very systematic and conclusive experiment. B. he used brain scan to help him.
