1、专业八级-165 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling t
2、ask after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.ANSWER SHEET ONEComplete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require
3、 a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically the hare, bounding away to the covert; or the pheasant, suddenly bursting upon the wing. The brook, taught to wind in natural meanderings, or expand into a glassy lakethe sequestered pool, reflecting the quiveri
4、ng trees, with the yellow leaf sleeping on its bosom, and the trout roaming fearlessly about its limpid waters; while some rustic temple, or sylvan statue, grown green and dank with age, gives an air of classic sanctity to the seclusion.These are but a few of the features of park scenery; but what m
5、ost delights me, is the creative talent with which the English decorate the unostentatious abodes of middle life. The rudest habitation, the most unpromising and scanty portion of land, in the hands of an Englishman of taste, becomes a little paradise. With a nicely discriminating eye, he seizes at
6、once upon its capabilities, and pictures in his mind the future landscape. The sterile spot grows into loveliness under his hand, and yet the operations of art which produce the effect are scarcely to be perceived. The cherishing and training of some trees; the cautious pruning of others; the nice d
7、istribution of flowers and plants of tender and graceful foliage; the introduction of a green slope of velvet turf; the partial opening to a peep of blue distance, or silver gleam of water, all these are managed with a delicate tact, a pervading yet quiet assiduity, like the magic touchings with whi
8、ch a painter finishes up a favorite picture.The residence of people of fortune and refinement in the country has diffused a degree of taste and elegance in rural economy that descends to the lowest class. The very laborer, with his thatched cottage and narrow slip of ground, attends to their embelli
9、shment. The trim hedge, the grass-plot before the door, the little flower-bed bordered with snug box, the woodbine trained up, against the wall, and hanging its blossoms about the lattice; the pot of flowers in the window; the holly, providently planted about the house, to cheat winter of its dreari
10、ness, and to throw in a semblance of green summer to cheer the fireside; all these bespeak the influence of taste, flowing down from high sources, and pervading the lowest levels of the public mind. If ever Love, as poets sing, delights to visit a cottage, it must be the cottage of an English peasan
11、t._BTEXT C/BThe taste of the English in the cultivation of land, and in what is called landscape gardening, is unrivalled. They have studied Nature intently, and discovered an exquisite sense of her beautiful forms and harmonious combinations. Those charms which, in other countries, she lavishes in
12、wild solitudes, are here assembled round the haunts of domestic life. They seem to have caught her coy and furtive graces, and spread them, like witchery, about their rural abodes.Nothing can be more imposing than the magnificence of English park scenery. Vast lawns that extend like sheets of vivid
13、green, with here and there clumps of gigantic trees, heaping up rich piles of foliage. The solemn pomp of groves and woodland glades, with the deer trooping in silent herds across them; the hare, bounding away to the covert; or the pheasant, suddenly bursting upon the wing. The brook, taught to wind
14、 in natural meanderings, or expand into a glassy lakethe sequestered pool, reflecting the quivering trees, with the yellow leaf sleeping on its bosom, and the trout roaming fearlessly about its limpid waters; while some rustic temple, or sylvan statue, grown green and dank with age, gives an air of
15、classic sanctity to the seclusion.These are but a few of the features of park scenery; but what most delights me, is the creative talent with which the English decorate the unostentatious abodes of middle life. The rudest habitation, the most unpromising and scanty portion of land, in the hands of a
16、n Englishman of taste, becomes a little paradise. With a nicely discriminating eye, he seizes at once upon its capabilities, and pictures in his mind the future landscape. The sterile spot grows into loveliness under his hand, and yet the operations of art which produce the effect are scarcely to be
17、 perceived. The cherishing and training of some trees; the cautious pruning of others; the nice distribution of flowers and plants of tender and graceful foliage; the introduction of a green slope of velvet turf; the partial opening to a peep of blue distance, or silver gleam of water, all these are
18、 managed with a delicate tact, a pervading yet quiet assiduity, like the magic touchings with which a painter finishes up a favorite picture.The residence of people of fortune and refinement in the country has diffused a degree of taste and elegance in rural economy that descends to the lowest class
19、. The very laborer, with his thatched cottage and narrow slip of ground, attends to their embellishment. The trim hedge, the grass-plot before the door, the little flower-bed bordered with snug box, the woodbine trained up, against the wall, and hanging its blossoms about the lattice; the pot of flo
20、wers in the window; the holly, providently planted about the house, to cheat winter of its dreariness, and to throw in a semblance of green summer to cheer the fireside; all these bespeak the influence of taste, flowing down from high sources, and pervading the lowest levels of the public mind. If e
21、ver Love, as poets sing, delights to visit a cottage, it must be the cottage of an English peasant.（分数：4.00）(1).This passage is mainly about（分数：1.00）A.English park scenery.B.English cultivation of land.C.natural view of England.D.English fanning culture.(2).According to the passage, _ endow the Engl
22、ish park scenery with a sacred atmosphere.（分数：1.00）A.vast lawnsB.enormous treesC.winding brooksD.rural temples(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The English have studied Nature intently and know it very well.B.There is nothing that can be more impressive than
23、the splendor of English park scenery.C.The English are good at decorating the unostentatious abodes of middle life.D.If Love came, it must prefer the residence of rich people to the cottage of an English peasant.(4).The word diffuse in the fourth paragraph means（分数：1.00）A.spread.B.scatter.C.disperse
24、.D.inject.4.BTEXT D/BTwo half-brothers, Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh, were the first Englishmen to undertake serious ventures in America. Gilbert, one of the more earnest seekers of the Northwest Passage, went to Newfoundland in 1578 and again in 1583 but failed to colonize the territ
25、ory either time and lost his life on the re. mm voyage to England after the second attempt. Raleigh, in turn, was granted the right to settle in “Virginia“ and to have control of the land within a radius of 200 leagues from any colonists to the new continent. The first landed on the island of Roanok
26、e off the coast of what is now North Carolina and stayed less than a year; anything but enthusiastic about their new home, these first colonists returned to England with Sir Francis Drake in the summer of 1586. Undaunted, Raleigh solicited the financial aid of a group of wealthy Londoners and, in th
27、e following year, sent a second contingent of 150 people under the leadership of Governor John White. Raleigh had given explicit instructions that this colony was to be planted somewhere on the Chesapeake Bay, but Govemor White disregarded the order and landed at Roanoke. White went back to England
28、for supplies; when he returned after much delay in 1590, the settlers had vanished. Not a single member of the famed “lost colony“ was ever found, not even a tooth.After a long war between England and Spain from 1588 to 1603, England renewed attempts to colonize North America. In 1606, two charters
29、were grantedone to a group of Londoners, the other to merchants of Plymouth and other western port town. The London Company was given the right to settle the southern part of the English territory in America; the Plymouth Company was given jurisdiction over the northern part.So two widely separated
30、colonies were established in 1607: one at Sagadahoc, near the mouth of the Kennebec River, in Maine; the other in modern Virginia. Those who survived the winter in the northern colony gave up and went home, and the colony established at Jamestown won the hard-earned honor of being the first permanen
31、t English settlement in America.Hard-earned indeed! When the London Company landed three tiny vessels at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay in 1607, 105 people disembarked to found the Jamestown Colony. Easily distracted by futile “get rich quick“ schemes, they actually sent shiploads of mica and yello
32、w ore back to England in 1607 and 1608. Before the news reached their ears that their treasure was worthless “fools gold,“ disease, starvation, and misadventure had taken a heavy toll: 67 of the original 105 Jamestown settlers died in the first year.The few remaining survivors (one of whom was convi
33、cted of cannibalism) were joined in 1609 by 800 new arrivals, sent over by the reorganized and renamed Virginia Company. By the following spring, frontier hardships had cut the number of settlers from 838 to 60. That summer, those who remained were round fleeing down river to return home to England
34、by new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider. This was Virginias “starving time”.Inadequately supplied and untutored in the art of colonization, the earliest frontier pioneers routinely suffered and died. In 1623, a royal investigation of the Virginia experience was launche
35、d in the wake of an Indian attack that took the lives of 500 settlers. The investigation reported that of the 6,000 who had migrated to Virginia since 1607, 4,000 had died. The life expectancy of these hardy settlers upon arriving was two years.The heavy human costs of first settlement were accompan
36、ied by substantial capital losses. Without exception, the earliest colonial ventures were unprofitable. Indeed, they were financial disasters. Neither the principal nor the interest on the Virginia Companys accumulated investment of more than 200,000 was ever repaid (approximately $20,000,000 in tod
37、ays values). The investments in New England were less disappointing, but overall, English capitalists were heavy losers in their quest to tame the frontier._BTEXT D/BTwo half-brothers, Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh, were the first Englishmen to undertake serious ventures in America. Gi
38、lbert, one of the more earnest seekers of the Northwest Passage, went to Newfoundland in 1578 and again in 1583 but failed to colonize the territory either time and lost his life on the re. mm voyage to England after the second attempt. Raleigh, in turn, was granted the right to settle in “Virginia“
39、 and to have control of the land within a radius of 200 leagues from any colonists to the new continent. The first landed on the island of Roanoke off the coast of what is now North Carolina and stayed less than a year; anything but enthusiastic about their new home, these first colonists returned t
40、o England with Sir Francis Drake in the summer of 1586. Undaunted, Raleigh solicited the financial aid of a group of wealthy Londoners and, in the following year, sent a second contingent of 150 people under the leadership of Governor John White. Raleigh had given explicit instructions that this col
41、ony was to be planted somewhere on the Chesapeake Bay, but Govemor White disregarded the order and landed at Roanoke. White went back to England for supplies; when he returned after much delay in 1590, the settlers had vanished. Not a single member of the famed “lost colony“ was ever found, not even
42、 a tooth.After a long war between England and Spain from 1588 to 1603, England renewed attempts to colonize North America. In 1606, two charters were grantedone to a group of Londoners, the other to merchants of Plymouth and other western port town. The London Company was given the right to settle t
43、he southern part of the English territory in America; the Plymouth Company was given jurisdiction over the northern part.So two widely separated colonies were established in 1607: one at Sagadahoc, near the mouth of the Kennebec River, in Maine; the other in modern Virginia. Those who survived the w
44、inter in the northern colony gave up and went home, and the colony established at Jamestown won the hard-earned honor of being the first permanent English settlement in America.Hard-earned indeed! When the London Company landed three tiny vessels at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay in 1607, 105 peopl
45、e disembarked to found the Jamestown Colony. Easily distracted by futile “get rich quick“ schemes, they actually sent shiploads of mica and yellow ore back to England in 1607 and 1608. Before the news reached their ears that their treasure was worthless “fools gold,“ disease, starvation, and misadve
46、nture had taken a heavy toll: 67 of the original 105 Jamestown settlers died in the first year.The few remaining survivors (one of whom was convicted of cannibalism) were joined in 1609 by 800 new arrivals, sent over by the reorganized and renamed Virginia Company. By the following spring, frontier
47、hardships had cut the number of settlers from 838 to 60. That summer, those who remained were round fleeing down river to return home to England by new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider. This was Virginias “starving time”.Inadequately supplied and untutored in the art o
48、f colonization, the earliest frontier pioneers routinely suffered and died. In 1623, a royal investigation of the Virginia experience was launched in the wake of an Indian attack that took the lives of 500 settlers. The investigation reported that of the 6,000 who had migrated to Virginia since 1607
49、, 4,000 had died. The life expectancy of these hardy settlers upon arriving was two years.The heavy human costs of first settlement were accompanied by substantial capital losses. Without exception, the earliest colonial ventures were unprofitable. Indeed, they were financial disasters. Neither the principal nor the interest on the Virginia Companys accumulated inv
