1、专业八级-159 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：2，分数：60.00)Some Theories of History. The problems of understanding history History with written records: the records may be 1 and inaccurate. History before writing: we can only make a partial 2 . . Some theorie
2、s have been proposed to give 3 to human history Theory 1 Man continually 4 in terms of his potentials and his abilities to 5 these potentials. Modem man is superior to his ancestors 6 , physically and morally. A branch of the theory: man rose to a 7 before. Theory 2 Man“s history is a 8 of stages of
3、 development, whose pattern is the 9 and fall of civilization. Whether modern man is superior to his ancestors depends on what 10 of civilization he is in. Theory 3 In this theory, the first two theories 11 with each other. It is known as the 12 of history. Theory 4 This theory views human history f
4、rom the 13 of 14 groups. Human history can be interpreted as the 15 of class struggle. （分数：30.00）Understanding Depression. Misunderstanding of depression Mistakenly believe that depression comes from 16 17 the depressed person“s low energy A wrong belief that the depressed attitude can be 18 . Cause
5、s of depression 1. Genetics depression runs in families 2. Life events e.g. 19 of a close family member or friend can lead to depression 3. Family and social environment it includes 20 living situations such as poverty; homelessness; and 21 in the family, relationships, or community 4. 22 substance
6、use and abuse have impacts on mood . 23 of depression 1. Depressed mood 2. Weight 24 3. Sleep 25 4. Feelings of guilt or 26 5. Brain fog 6. Thoughts of 27 . Means to survive depression 1. 28 help people understand depression and what they can do about it 2. Medication make sure to get the right dose
7、 3. A combination of both 4. Suggestion for friends: help the 29 depressed person receive the right treatment rather than cheer up them or 30 with them （分数：30.00）三、SECTION B(总题数：4，分数：40.00)（分数：10.00）A.She worked for ABC Family“s new series before her acting career.B.She was once a singer and then be
8、came an actress.C.Amber is regarded as an energetic and plain girl.D.She went to Greek college at the age of twenty.A.Desire plus talents.B.Desire plus family background.C.Fame plus desire.D.Music plus talents.A.It was a Christmas special show aired on ABC.B.All the cast from that season was asked t
9、o perform.C.Amber Stevens was singing her solo on the stage.D.It was a rehearsal for the brand new ABC Family series.A.One goes through the first audition and then waits for the answer.B.One has to go directly to meet directors and show them the talents.C.One should go through all the procedures fro
10、m first audition to the network.D.One should meet the director first and have the first audition.A.It is a show aiming to introduce the fictional school Cyprus-Rhodes.B.It is a show about life in college and relationships.C.It is a show focusing on the Greek system and its influence.D.It is a show a
11、iming to reflect Amber“s life in college.（分数：10.00）A.She is the leader of the sorority.B.She is always having her own dramas.C.She is the best friend of Kappa.D.She is a party animal.A.She took part in some sororities to get ideas.B.She related her own college life to the role.C.She combined Ashleig
12、h with some people she met.D.She tried to get help from her friends in sororities.A.Face of Verizon.B.Commercials for Soul Mates.C.Selling cute stuff.D.Shooting a commercial.A.To encourage people to watch her show.B.To illustrate people must work hard.C.To deny nothing is taken for granted.D.To show
13、 her passion to work with him.A.Reasons for getting into acting career.B.Introduction of Amber“s role on Greek.C.Mention of Amber“s future work.D.The prospective future of show business and advice.（分数：10.00）A.She doesn“t know how to do with lottery e-mails.B.She is overwhelmed by the amount of spam
14、mail.C.She dares not to click the inbox button any more.D.She doesn“t know how to check e-mails in a proper way.A.Be aware of whom you give your e-mail address.B.Ask your friends and contacts to delete your emails.C.Use different address for work email and home email.D.Leave your e-mail address to s
15、omeone you can trust.A.Because third parties will do harm to you.B.Because your e-mail address will be sold.C.Because illegal individuals are nowhere.D.Because the internet is lack of supervision.A.Gather e-mail addresses for companies such as Yahoo and Hotmail.B.Leave e-mail addresses on the messag
16、e board for third parties.C.Create a new e-mail account.D.Search for e-mails addresses.A.They can be easily gathered by illegal software.B.They are provided by Yahoo or Hotmail.C.They are not worthy of signing up.D.They can sell your information to third parties.（分数：10.00）A.Most people don“t care ab
17、out e-mail leakage.B.It is impractical to create a new account for everyone.C.It is unrealistic to fight back against the spammers.D.Antispam tools are installed in users“ accounts.A.It filters messages into categories.B.It helps to separate junk mails.C.It deletes all the incoming messages.D.It lis
18、ts all the potential threats.A.Blue font.B.Return address.C.Capitalization.D.Obscene content.A.You are unaware of the dangers online.B.You get a mail claims to be from a bank.C.You are asked to give information about your account password.D.You are asked to click on a link and visit an unfamiliar si
19、te.A.Strategies to deal with spam e-mails.B.People“s view on the Internet.C.Phenomenon of phishing.D.ISP technology.专业八级-159 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：2，分数：60.00)Some Theories of History. The problems of understanding history History with written
20、records: the records may be 1 and inaccurate. History before writing: we can only make a partial 2 . . Some theories have been proposed to give 3 to human history Theory 1 Man continually 4 in terms of his potentials and his abilities to 5 these potentials. Modem man is superior to his ancestors 6 ,
21、 physically and morally. A branch of the theory: man rose to a 7 before. Theory 2 Man“s history is a 8 of stages of development, whose pattern is the 9 and fall of civilization. Whether modern man is superior to his ancestors depends on what 10 of civilization he is in. Theory 3 In this theory, the
22、first two theories 11 with each other. It is known as the 12 of history. Theory 4 This theory views human history from the 13 of 14 groups. Human history can be interpreted as the 15 of class struggle. （分数：30.00）解析：incomplete/fractional 原力原文 Some Theories of HistoryGood morning, everyone. In today“s
23、 lecture, we are going to talk about some theories of history. How much of man“s history do we know? We really know very little. Written records exist for only a fraction of what we suppose to have been man“s time as a unique species. Furthermore, the accuracy of these records is often suspected, an
24、d the scope and selection of significant detail in them often needs improvement. It is worse when we try to reconstruct man“s history before the development of writing, and this is unfortunate because the history of the early development of human society is lost to us. The most that we can do is to
25、use traces, deduction, speculation and the knowledge we have of the habits of those animals which have some elementary social order to help us make a partial reconstruction. This is hardly a satisfactory substitute for precise information. With our knowledge of human history, which is only fragmenta
26、ry at best, it is therefore nearly impossible to reconstruct the beginning, and to deduce the end, of the story of man. Thus, there have developed many schools of thought on the subject, each of which attempts to give coherence to the human past by fitting it into the framework of a theory of histor
27、y. The first theory I want to introduce is assumed that man continually progress. He has evolved from a lower to a higher form of being, and he continues to evolve. This evolution takes place both in terms of his potentials and his abilities to actualize these potentials. If one holds this theory, o
28、ne feels that modern man must be more intelligent and civilized today than his ancestors, as well as physically and morally superior to them. One further assumes that this progress will continue into an ever more glorious future. Here deduction often ends and dreams of utopia begin, for it seems tha
29、t most of us find it hard to think of the human race developing into a race of angels. All in all, as a theory of history, the above view has had many eminent supporters. It might be well to mention here a variation on this theory that used to be popular, namely the idea that man rose from a low con
30、dition to a Golden Age at some time in the remote past, and that things have gone straight downhill ever since. Many eminent men have found a sort of gloomy comfort in this idea, but science has now opened up possibilities for the future which makes this theory less defendable. Perhaps for this reas
31、on the theory has little modern support. A second theory of history is held by those men who see man“s history as something quite different from a simple progression from a lower to a higher state. They see it as a cycle of stages of development which are predictable in their broad outlines and main
32、 features. As surely as a civilization rises and comes into being, so also must it decline and fall. The chief pattern one sees in history is the rise and fall of civilization. To holders of this theory, modern man is not looked upon as the most superior social being yet produced. He is simply the t
33、ypical product of the current stage in the cycle of our civilization. In fact he may actually be inferior to members of past civilizations. It all depends upon what stage of civilization we happen to be living in. Indeed, it has been said that the average modern literate city dweller is comparativel
34、y more ignorant of his era“s fund of knowledge than other literate city dwellers of the past. While the staggering fund of knowledge in our technologically advanced world is undoubtedly greater than that of any past civilization, it is probably true that the average modern man, relying on such repet
35、itive forms of entertainment as television and working in a narrowly specialized job, knows a great deal less sheer information about his world than did earlier people. In a third theory of history, the two above theories are to some degree reconciled. According to this theory, which is often termed
36、 the spiral view of history, human societies do repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress observable in the long historical perspective. Civilizations do rise and fall, as the advocates of the second theory maintain, but the new civilization which replaces the first, usually by conquest, contai
37、ns superior qualities which enable it to rise to a higher stage of development until it, too, declines and is replaced by yet a third civilization. The above theories interpret history in term as if the overall progress of mankind in general without respect to differentiations within the social orde
38、r. It is also possible to view human history in terms of the interaction of socioeconomic groups. Human history, according to this theory, is most clearly interpreted as the disappearance of class struggle. Most people who hold this theory assume an eventual resolution of the struggle through the di
39、sappearance of class differences, although it would be just as correct to assume that the struggle could continue unresolved. Those who assume that the struggle can eventually be resolved hold that history has a goal and that progress can be measured in terms of how quickly mankind is reaching that
40、goal. OK. This brings us to the end of today“s lecture. I hope now you can have a better understanding of what history is. Thank you for your attention. 解析 讲座的主题是“some theories of history(一些历史理论)”。原文一开头说，书写的记录仅仅是人类历史的一部分。也就是说，书写的记录是不完整的。空格后的 inaccurate提示此空应填形容词，故用 incomplete“不完整的”或 fractional“部分的”。解
41、析：reconstruction解析 讲座后来讲到现在我们尽力“再现”书写之前的人类历史，我们能做的最多的就是利用踪迹、推论、思索还有一些我们拥有的关于那些具备基本的社会秩序的动物的习性的知识来帮助我们做部分的“再现”。此处应填入原文出现的 reconstruction。解析：coherence解析 讲座提到关于这一主题有很多理论学派，每一种都尝试和人类过去保持一致，使之适合历史理论的框架。此处应填入原文出现的 coherence。解析：progress解析 讲座第一个要介绍的理论是假设人类是不断进步的。根据题目给出的continually，可知此处填入 progress“进步”。解析：act
42、ualize解析 讲座提到人类是从低级向高级进化的，进化体现在两个方面：他的潜力以及实现这些潜能的能力。此处填入原文原词 actualize。解析：mentally解析 讲座随后说，在这个理论下，人们觉得现代人肯定比他们的祖先更加有才智、更文明，而且在身体和道德上也优于祖先。题目已经给出了 physically和 morally，需要用一个词来表示“有才智、文明”，可填入 mentally“智力上”。这道题没有现成答案，需要考生根据笔记进行归纳。解析：Golden Age解析 讲座提到这样一个 idea：在远古的某个时期，人类从一个较低级的状态提升到一个黄金时代。此处填入原文出现的 Golde
43、n Age。解析：cycle解析 讲座说到第二个理论：有人认为人类历史是阶段式的循环发展过程(a cycle of stages of development)，大致轮廓和主要特征都是可预测的。此处填入原文出现的 cycle。解析：rise解析 第二个理论提到人类历史是循环的，一种文明会起源、形成，它也肯定会衰落、垮台。历史上主要的模式就是文明的兴衰史。此处应填入原文出现的 rise，和 fall形成对应。解析：stage/period解析 在第二种理论下，现代人是优于祖先还是不如祖先，取决于这个人是生活在文明的哪个阶段(all depends upon what stage of civil
44、ization we happen to be living in)。此处应填入原文出现的 stage，也可填入表示相同意思的词 period。解析：reconcile解析 讲座提及的第三种理论是前面两种理论某种程度上的融合(reconcile)。此处应填入原文出现的 reconcile“融合”。要注意，原文用的是被动语态，而题目用的是主动语态。解析：spiral view解析 根据第三种理论，这种理论经常被称为历史螺旋观(the spiral view of history)，人类社会确实在重复阶段式的循环，但长远来看，总的来说是进步的。此处填入原文原词spiral view。解析：inte
45、raction解析 讲座最后提到，还可以从社会经济群体互相作用(the interaction of socioeconomic groups)的角度来看待历史。此处填入原文出现的 interaction。解析：socioeconomic解析 空格处位于 of和名词 groups之间，推测应填入修饰 groups的词，和上道题讲的同样内容，此处填入原文出现的 socioeconomic。解析：disappearance解析 根据这一理论，随着阶级斗争的消失(the disappearance of class struggle)，历史就得到了最清晰的解释。此处填入原文出现的 disappear
46、ance。Understanding Depression. Misunderstanding of depression Mistakenly believe that depression comes from 16 17 the depressed person“s low energy A wrong belief that the depressed attitude can be 18 . Causes of depression 1. Genetics depression runs in families 2. Life events e.g. 19 of a close fa
47、mily member or friend can lead to depression 3. Family and social environment it includes 20 living situations such as poverty; homelessness; and 21 in the family, relationships, or community 4. 22 substance use and abuse have impacts on mood . 23 of depression 1. Depressed mood 2. Weight 24 3. Slee
48、p 25 4. Feelings of guilt or 26 5. Brain fog 6. Thoughts of 27 . Means to survive depression 1. 28 help people understand depression and what they can do about it 2. Medication make sure to get the right dose 3. A combination of both 4. Suggestion for friends: help the 29 depressed person receive th
49、e right treatment rather than cheer up them or 30 with them （分数：30.00）解析：weakness 原力原文 Understanding DepressionGood morning, everyone. Today we“ll talk about the topic of depression. As we all know, depression is very common and affects people of every color, race, economic status, or age. Unfortunately, not everyone recognizes depression when it happens to someone they know. Some people have the mistaken belief that depression comes from weakness or is a character flaw. Some people don“t really underst
