1、专业八级-156 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BThe Press Conference/B The press conference has certain advantages. The first advantage lies with the (1)_ of the (1)_ event itself; public officials are supposed to submit to scrutiny by responding to various questions at a pre
2、ss conference. Secondly, statements previously made at a press conference can be used as a (2)_in judging following statements or (2)_ policies. Moreover, in case of important events, press conferences are an effective way to break the news to groups of reporters. However, from the point of view of
3、(3) _, (3)_ the press conference possesses some disadvantages, mainly in its (4)_and news source. The (4)_ provider virtually determines the manner in which a press conference proceeds. This, sometimes, puts news reporters at a(n) (5)_, as can be (5)_ seen on live broadcasts of news conferences. UFa
4、ctors in getting valuable information/U -preparation:a need to keep up to date on journalistic subject matter; -(6)_ of the news source. (6)_ 1) news sources (7)_to provide information; (7)_ 2) news-gathering methods. UConditions under which news reporters cannot trust the information provided by a
5、news source/U -not knowing the required information; -knowing and willing to share the information, but without (8)_skills; (8)_ -knowing the information, but unwilling to share; -willing to share, but unable to recall. -(9)_ of questions asked (9)_ Ways of improving the questions: -no words with do
6、uble meanings; -no long questions; -specific time, place, etc.; -(10)_questions; (10)_ -clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What habit has the woman recently gotten into?（分数
7、：1.00）A.Telling jokes.B.Falling asleep during meals.C.Staying late after class.D.Eating in the cafeteria.(2).How do students demonstrate that they really enjoy Professor Halls classes?（分数：1.00）A.They complete all their assignments.B.They study hard for his tests.C.They compete for the best seats in
8、the class.D.They read all his books.(3).How does Professor Hall feel about visitors at his lectures?（分数：1.00）A.They make him feel good.B.They make no impact on him.C.They bore him.D.They make him angry.(4).At what time does Professor Halls class probably meet?（分数：1.00）A.In the late morning.B.Immedia
9、tely after lunch.C.In the mid-afternoon.D.After the evening meal.(5).Which of the following best describes Professor Halls relationship with his students?（分数：1.00）A.Controversial.B.Impersonal.C.Patronizing.D.Cooperative.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).Yasser Arafats next stop is _.（分数：1.00）A.Sweden
10、B.IsraelC.CanadaD.France(2).Yasser Arafat visited America for the purpose of_.（分数：1.00）A.securing financial aidB.persuading U.S. to compel Israel to withdraw its troops from the occupied territoryC.gaining U.S. recognition of the right of self-determinationD.asking U.S. permission to establish sover
11、eign state of Palestinians after May 4I Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).According to the news, the Vietnamese refugees in Hong Kong live in_.（分数：1.00）A.beatsB.h
12、avensC.holiday campsD.horrible conditions(2).The total number of victims in the fire was_.（分数：1.00）A.118B.18C.100D.200(3).One of the consequences of the fire is that（分数：1.00）A.there will be no more fights among Vietnamese refugeesB.conditions at the camp will be improvedC.the camp residents will be
13、dividedD.new fire safety measures will be introduced四、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BHow men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and f
14、eelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be written down. These sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their associations-the things t
15、hey bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.Great writers are th
16、ose who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like mu
17、sic, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.（分数：2.00）(1).The real power of words consists in their_.（分数：1.00）A.propertiesB.characteristicsC.pecul
18、iarityD.representative function(2).In expressing their thoughts, great writers are able to_.（分数：1.00）A.confound the readersB.move men to tearsC.move our actionsD.puzzle our feelingsBTEXT B/BThe fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with th
19、e label: “store in the refrigerator. “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became
20、all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tr
21、ied techniques already existed-natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling.What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.Consequently, most of the w
22、orlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled
23、 space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to hu- man happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cab
24、inet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you will get rid of that terrible hum.（分数：2.00）(1).Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?（分数：1.00）A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to
25、 people two or three times a week.C.Food was sold fresh and did net get rotten easily.D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.(2).Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?（分数：1.00）A.Inventors.B.Consumers.C.Manufacturers.D.Travelling salesmen.BTEXT C/BWhy are so many pe
26、ople so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that, as the family therapist Virginia Satire observes, “every person has the right to fail.“Most pare
27、nts work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her childs hastily made table as “Perfect!“ even though it moves unsteadily on uneven legs. An- other way is to shift blame. If John fai
28、ls science, his teacher is unfair or stupid.When one of my daughters was ten, she decided to raise money for charity by holding a carnival. Proud of her, we hastily allowed her to put posters all over town. We realized too late that she couldnt possibly handle all the refreshments, shows, and games
29、promised in the posters. The whole family pitched in to prevent embarrassing failure-and the next year she advertised an even more ambitious event. Why not? We had kept her from discovering her limitations.The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in
30、the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time-and that its possible to enjoy a game even when you dont win. A child whos not invited to a birthday party, who doesnt make the honor roll of the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But p
31、arents should not offer a quick consolation prize or say, “It doesnt matter, “because it does. The youngster should be allowed to experience disappointment-and then be helped to master it.Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts adults and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to you
32、r life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask“ Why did I fail? “Resist the natural impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, dont be shy about inquiring.When I was a teenager I failed to get a job, Id counted on, I telephoned
33、 the interviewer to ask why, “Because you came ten minutes late,“ I was told, “We cant afford employees who waste other peoples time.“ The explanation was reassuring (I hadnt been rejected as a person) and helpful, too, I dont think Ive been late for anything since.Success, which encourages repetiti
34、on of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After twelve years of stud
35、ying ballet (a dance in which a story is told without speech or singing, a friend of mine came to a professional company (for a job). She was turned down, “Would further training help? “ she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “You will never be a dancer,“ he said. “You havent the body for it.
36、In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock courageously, asking, “What have I left? What else can I do? My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where shes both competent and useful.Failure frees one to take risks because theres less to lose. Often theres a
37、renewal of energy-an awareness of new possibilities.（分数：2.00）(1).Which of the following would be the best title for this selection?（分数：1.00）A.Teaching Your Child to Succeed.B.Learning from Failure.C.How to Be Successful?D.Why We Are So Afraid of Failure.(2).The author implies that failure_.（分数：1.00）
38、A.almost always leads to more failureB.provides an opportunity to new experiencesC.makes us afraid to take risksD.hurts children more than adultsBTEXT D/BWater is the oldest form of transport. The original sailing vessels were replaced by steamboats in the early 1800s and by diesel power in the 1920
39、s. A distinction is generally made between deep-water and navigable inland water transport. Domestic commerce centers on the Great Lakes, canals, and navigable rivers.In 1975 water transport accounted for 22.6 per cent of total inter-city tonnage. Its relative share of inter-city tonnage was 31.3 pe
40、r cent in 1947 and 31.7 per cent in 1958. Tonnage declined to 27.9 per cent in 1965 but increased by 1970 to 28.4 per cent. This short- term increase did not stabilize. Market share dropped by 5.8 per cent by 1975. Forecasted market share by 1985 is 18.4 per cent of total inter-city tonnage. The wat
41、er transport share of revenue has been less than 2 per cent of inter-city freight revenue since 1955.The exact miles of improved waterways in operation depend in part on whether coast- wise and inter-coastal shipping are included. Approximately 26,000 miles of improved inland waterways were operated
42、 in 1975. Fewer miles of improved inland waterways exist than of any other transportation mode.The main advantage of water transport is the capacity to move extremely large shipments. Deep-water vessels are restricted in operation, but diesel-towed barges have a fair degree of flexibility, in compar
43、ison to rail and highway, water transport ranks in the middle with respect to fixed cost. The fixed cost of operation is greater than that of motor carriers but less than that of railroads. The main disadvantage of water is the limited degree of flexibility and the low speeds of transport. Unless th
44、e source and destination of movement are adjacent to a waterway, supplemental haul by rail or truck is required. The capability of water to transport large tonnage at low variable cost places this mode of transport in demand when low freight rates are desired and speed of transit is a secondary cons
45、ideration.Freight transported by inland water leans heavily to mining and basic bulk commodities, such as chemicals, cement, and selected agricultural products. In addition to the restrictions of navigable waterways, terminal facilities for bulk and dry cargo storage and load-unload devices limit th
46、e flexibility of water transport. Labor restrictions on loading and unloading at dock level create operational problems and tend to reduce the potential range of available traffic. Finally, a highly competitive situation has developed between railroads and inland water carriers in areas where parall
47、el routings exist.Inland and Great Lakes water transport will continue to be a viable alternative for future logistical system design. The full potential of the St. Lawrence Seaway has not yet been realized with respect to domestic freight. The slow passage of inland river transport can provide a fo
48、rm of warehousing in transit if fully integrated into overall system design. Improvements in ice-breaking equipment appear on the verge of eliminating the seasonal limitations of water transport.（分数：2.00）(1).Why it is difficult to say exactly how many miles of improved waterways are in operation?（分数：1.00）A.The most recent figure is for 1975 and the figure is declining.B.Water transports market share goes up and down frequently.C.So few miles of inlan
